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21.
Yasuyuki TANAHASHI Ban WANG Yuri MURAKAMI Toshihiro UNNO Hayato MATSUYAMA Hiroshi NAGANO Seiichi KOMORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2016,78(2):203-211
In order to investigate the effects of (SKF), which is a non-selective cationic channel blocker, on
K+ channel currents, we recorded currents through ATP sensitive K+ (IKATP),
voltage-gated K+ (IKv) and Ca2+ activated K+ channels
(IBK) in the absence and presence of SKF in single small intestinal myocytes of mice with
patch-clamp techniques. SKF (10 µM) reversibly abolished IKATP that was induced by
cromakalim (10 µM), which is a selective ATP sensitive K+ channel opener. These
inhibitory effects were induced in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. The 50%
inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.85 µM, which was obviously lower than that
reported for the muscarinic cationic current. In addition, SKF (1 µM ≈ the IC50
value in IKATP suppression) reversibly inhibited the IKv that was induced by repetitive
depolarizing pulses from −80 to 20 mV. However, the extent of the inhibitory effects was only ~30%. In
contrast, SKF (1 µM) had no significant effects on spontaneous transient IBK and
caffeine-induced IBK. These results indicated that SKF inhibited ATP sensitive K+
channels and voltage-gated K+ channels, with the ATP sensitive K+ channels being more
sensitive than the voltage-gated K+ channels. These inhibitory effects on K+ channels
should be considered when SKF is used as a cationic channel blocker. SKF96365相似文献
22.
23.
Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching activity of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin and its metabolites 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sachindra NM Sato E Maeda H Hosokawa M Niwano Y Kohno M Miyashita K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8516-8522
Antioxidant activity of carotenoids is suggested to be one of the factors for their disease preventing effects. Marine carotenoids fucoxanthin and its two metabolites, fucoxanthinol and halocynthiaxanthin, have been shown to exhibit several biological effects. The antioxidant activities of these three carotenoids were assessed in vitro with respect to radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching abilities. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol was higher than that of halocynthiaxanthin, with the effective concentration for 50% scavenging (EC 50) being 164.60, 153.78, and 826.39 microM, respectively. 2,2'-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzo thizoline-6-sulphonate radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthinol (EC 50, 2.49 microM) was stronger than that of fucoxanthin (EC 50, 8.94 microM). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as measured by the chemiluminescence technique showed that the scavenging activity of fucoxanthin was 7.9 times higher than that by fucoxanthinol, 16.3 times higher than that by halocynthiaxanthin, and 13.5 times higher than that by alpha-tocopherol. A similar trend was observed when the hydroxyl radical scavenging was assessed by the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. ESR analysis of the superoxide radical scavenging activity also showed the superiority of fucoxanthin over the other two carotenoids tested. Singlet oxygen quenching ability of the three carotenoids was lower than that of beta-carotene, with quenching rate constants ( k Q, x10 (10) M (-1) s (-1)) being 1.19, 1.81, 0.80, and 12.78 for fucoxanthin, fucoxanthinol, halocynthiaxanthin, and beta-carotene, respectively. The higher radical scavenging activity of fucoxanthin and fucoxanthinol compared with halocynthiaxanthin is assumed to be due to presence of the allenic bond. 相似文献
24.
Masahito SUGIMOTO Waka SAITO Motoki OOI Yukinobu SATO Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):280-285
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate (0, 15, 30 or 45%; on a dry matter basis) and roughage sources (rice straw or wheat straw) on finishing performance and carcass quality of cull beef cows. Sixteen Japanese Black (Wagyu) mature cull cows (490 ± 31 kg of BW) were used in this experiment. Increasing the levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and roughage sources did not significantly affect feed intake in cows. In addition, the final body weight, daily gain and feed : gain ratio were not influenced by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate and the type of roughage. Increasing the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate would probably decrease the marbling score. The L* values of the longissimus muscle (LM) tended to respond quadratically ( P = 0.078) as the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate increased, and was lowest for cows fed the concentrate which included 30% potato pulp silage. The a* and b* values of the LM and fat color were not affected by the inclusion levels of potato pulp silage in concentrate. No effects of roughage sources on finishing performance were observed. 相似文献
25.
In order to explore the methods of recovering native grasses into exotic vegetation, the response of riparian vegetation to the removal of the above‐ground shoots and/or litter of Solidago gigantea in a flood plain in Hokkaido, northern Japan, was investigated. The four treatments were: the removal of the above‐ground shoots of S. gigantea (A); the removal of the litter of S. gigantea (L); the removal of both the above‐ground shoots and litter of S. gigantea (AL); and a control (C). The vegetation cover and S. gigantea cover decreased in the A and AL treatments and increased in the L and C treatments. The understory plant cover increased in the A and AL treatments, but did not change in the L and C treatments. The increases in the understory cover in the A and AL treatments were associated with increases in Phalaris arundinacea. The seedling emergence of P. arundinacea was promoted by AL. In a greenhouse, the S. gigantea litter tended to decrease the seed germination of P. arundinacea. The AL treatment also increased the abundance of the other exotic plant, Solidago altissima. The continuous removal of the above‐ground shoots and litter of S. gigantea long term is effective for promoting the recovery and emergence of native riparian grassland vegetation. However, this method also promotes the recovery of other exotics. 相似文献
26.
Wenxi CHEN Xin ZHU Tetsu NEMOTO Toshio KOBAYASHI Toshiyuki SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):471-478
The fetal heart rate is indispensable for monitoring the health of unborn cattle fetuses. To monitor the fetal heart rate, a method employing independent component analysis (ICA) to extract the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) from potentials measured on the maternal body surface and composed of a mixture of the maternal ECG (mECG), fECG, baseline drift and noise is described. A mixing of the raw data was simplified using a linear time‐invariant model. To separate the fECG from the mECG, baseline drift, and noise, an ICA strategy was applied, using a hyperbolic tangent as the contrast function and treating mutual information with the minimization principle to find the optimum demixing matrix to derive the fECG from the measured signals. After the feasibility of this method was shown on simulated signals obtained by randomly mixing pure fECG, pure mECG, low frequency sinusoidal drift and noise, real signals from three cloned pregnant Holstein cows with 157, 177 and 224‐day gestation periods were used to verify the separation method. The results show that the fECG, mECG, low‐frequency sinusoidal drift and noise can be clearly segregated in simulations, and that the fECG, mECG, baseline drift and noise can be successfully derived from real signals. The ICA approach has great potential in effectively detecting the fECG from maternal body surface potentials. 相似文献
27.
Miho Hiraoka Toshiharu Miyagawa Hayato Kobayashi Toshihiko Takahashi Hiroaki Kishi Hiroshi Kobayashi Inhyung Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2007,8(2):181-184
This study describes the successful use of modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia with a fixed volume of anesthetic in a bovine referral center. Among the 130 Holstein cattle scheduled for flank surgery, 90 cattle received a mixed anesthetic consisting of 1 ml of xylazine hydrochloride and 3 ml of lidocaine hydrochloride by modified dorsolumbar epidural anesthesia. Eighteen cattle with dehydration and/or lameness received a mixed anesthetic containing 0.5 ml of xylazine and 3 ml of lidocaine. Infiltration anesthesia was performed in 22 cattle whose epidural space could not be reached in order to perform the flank surgery. The surgeries began about 12 min after the administration of the anesthetic and lasted for about 36 min. The modified method using a fixed volume of anesthetic was successfully introduced and effectively used in a bovine referral center. This modified method will allow veterinarians to save time and effort, thus lowering the cost of each surgery. 相似文献
28.
29.
Dai Kusumoto Hayato Masuya Toshihide Hirao Hideaki Goto Keiko Hamaguchi Wen-I Chou Wiwat Suasa-ard Sawai Buranapanichpan Sopon Uraichuen Oraphan Kern-asa Sunisa Sanguansub Aumporn Panmongkol Thu Pham Quang Sih Kahono Heddy Julistiono Naoto Kamata 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(4):404-410
Japanese oak wilt (JOW) has been prevalent in Japan since the late 1980s. Infections of the fungus, Raffaelea quercivora Kubono et Shin. Ito, which is transmitted by an ambrosia beetle [Platypus quercivorus (Murayama)], can cause JOW. Although R. quercivora, P. quercivorus, and oak trees are distributed in other Asia–Pacific countries, the incidence of JOW has not been reported outside Japan. In this study, we collected R. quercivora isolates from 5 Asian countries, including Japan, and compared their ability to induce sapwood discoloration by inoculating Q. serrata logs. The tangential widths of the discoloration in sapwoods inoculated with non-Japanese isolates were equivalent to or greater than those of the 2 Japanese isolates. This indicates that a lack of JOW incidence outside Japan is not because of the lowered ability of R. quercivora to spread discoloration compared with the Japanese isolates. Statistical analyses of the relationship between discoloration and phylogeny based on DNA sequences of actin and chitin synthase showed that the discoloration width was independent of phylogenetic relatedness among the isolates. To discuss why the occurrence of JOW has not been reported outside Japan, further studies (e.g., on host susceptibility and P. quercivorus aggression) throughout Asia are needed. 相似文献
30.