A preliminary report on the isolation and identification of the bluetongue virus from sheep in California     

MCKERCHER DG  MCGOWAN B  HOWARTH JA  SAITO JK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1953,122(913):300-301

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Preliminary report of studies on a catarrhal vaginitis of cattle     

KENDRICK JW  MCKERCHER DG  SAITO J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1956,128(7):357-361

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Development of molecular immunoassay system for probiotics via toll-like receptors based on food immunology   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Haruki KITAZAWA  Masanori TOHNO  Takeshi SHIMOSATO  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(1):11-21

Recent interest has focused on the importance of intestinal immunity for the host defense, but to date, not much is known about the underlying mechanisms. The toll‐like receptor (TLR) family plays an important role in host defense through recognizing bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. Our recent research on the physiological function of food products has investigated the immunoregulatory effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) via TLR. Studies of swine, which often substitute for a human model, have demonstrated intestinal immunoregulation by the probiotic LAB mediated by TLR in the gut. On the basis of our study, efforts have also been made to develop a molecular immunoassay system for probiotic LAB and find novel immunostimulatory DNA sequences from probiotics and high potential immunobiotic LAB strains via TLR signaling. These findings may provide important clues at the molecular level on TLR signal transduction pathways and recognition mechanisms for the ligands. They also provide impetus to further delineate the activation mechanism of the innate immune response. In addition to identifying immunoregulatory factor immunogenics from LAB, a better understanding of intestinal immune regulation through cytokine networks holds out promise for basic food immunology research and the development of immunobiotic foods to prevent specific diseases.  相似文献   

Bacteriocin production of probiotic Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 isolated from human feces in milk-based media     

Kensuke ARAKAWA  Yasushi KAWAI  Kenji FUJITANI  Junko NISHIMURA  Haruki KITAZAWA  Ken-ichi KOMINE  Kenzo KAI  Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(5):634-640

The use of bacteriocins from Lactobacillus gasseri , a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, as bio-preservatives in the food industry and animal formulations has been limited because few strains of Lb. gasseri are cultivated and produce a bacteriocin in natural media such as milk and milk-based media. By the determination of the growth-supplements to milk among the 47 nutrients, Lb. gasseri JCM1131^T, LA39 and LA158 isolated from human feces were successfully cultured in reconstituted skim milk and cheese whey using proteose peptone as a nutrient supplement, where Lb. gasseri LA39 produced a useful bacteriocin, gassericin A, with effective growth-inhibiting activity against Gram-positive food-borne pathogens. The data suggest these developed low-cost safe media supporting enough production of bacteriocins by the probiotic Lb. gasseri LA39 could be used to improve the safe bio-preservation of foods and therapy of bovine mastitis, and extra cheese whey produced by cheese making industry is reused in the cultivation for probiotics effectively.  相似文献   

The effects of protein sources supplemented with urea-treated potato pulp (PP) silage and feeding levels of the PP silage-based concentrate on feed intake, digestibility and ruminal fermentation in beef steers     

Masahito SUGIMOTO  Masayo KANAMOTO  Takuya CHIBA  Hisashi HIDARI  Katsuya KIDA  Waka SAITO  Motoki OOI  Yukinobu SATO  Toshiro SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):443-452

Six Japanese Black (Wagyu) steers (average initial weight 467 ± 45 kg) fitted with a ruminal cannula were used in a split‐plot design experiment comprising a 3 × 3 Latin square design (whole‐plot) and a randomized block design (subplot). The whole‐plot treatments were three different feeding levels of urea‐treated potato pulp (PP) silage‐based concentrate: 1.00%, 1.75% and 2.50% of body weight (BW) (on a dry matter (DM) basis). The subplot treatments consisted of the concentrate formulated to contain either soybean meal (SBM) as a rapidly rumen‐degraded protein source or corn gluten meal (CGM) as a slowly degraded protein source. Dry matter intake tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for CGM (8.9 kg/day) than for SBM (9.4 kg/day). Protein sources had no significant effect on digestibility and in situ degradation. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH₃‐N) was lower (P = 0.033) for CGM (7.5 mg/dL) than for SBM (9.5 mg/dL). Protein sources did not affect ruminal pH and the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. The molar proportions of ruminal acetate and valerate were higher (P = 0.032) for CGM than for SBM. The maximum daily intake of the PP silage‐based concentrate expressed as a percentage of BW was approximately 1.4% of BW. Dry matter intake was higher (P = 0.046) for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.75% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate had no effect on DM and nutrients digestibility, except for crude protein (CP) digestibility. CP digestibility tended to be lower (P = 0.071) for steers fed at 1.75% of BW of the PP silage‐based concentrate than for steers fed at 1.0% or 2.5% of BW of the concentrate. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate also did not affect the in situ degradation parameter of hay and PP silage. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not affect ruminal pH, NH₃‐N and total VFA concentrations. The molar proportion of acetate was highest for steers fed at 1.0% of BW of the concentrate. In conclusion, in the urea‐treated PP silage‐based concentrate, CGM seems to be more effective than SBM for stabilizing the ruminal NH₃‐N concentration and to be advantageous for fiber digestion in the rumen. The feeding levels of the PP silage‐based concentrate did not change the amount of VFA production in the rumen and the DM digestibility.  相似文献   

Effects of serotonin injected into the third ventricle on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in Holstein steers   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Etsuko KASUYA  Shiro KUSHIBIKI  Ken-ichi YAYOU  Shuichi ITO  Toshiyuki SAITO  Koichi HODATE  Madoka SUTOH 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):362-367

In order to clarify the role of serotonin (5-HT) in the regulation of pituitary hormones, the effects of 5-HT injected into the third ventricle (3V) on prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) release were investigated in Holstein steers. A chronic cannula was implanted in 3V by stereotaxic surgery under general anesthesia. After sufficient recovery from surgery, 5-HT (0, 0.1, 1.0, 2.0 mg) was injected into via the cannula and blood samples were collected over 4 h. Plasma PRL and GH concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. PRL release was significantly stimulated by the injection of 5-HT. The increase in PRL was observed at 20 min after the injection at three doses and the highest dose (2.0 mg) was the most effective in stimulating PRL release. The injection of 5-HT into 3V, at all doses tested, did not alter GH release significantly. Our results suggest that 5-HT is involved in the regulation of PRL release partly through the hypothalamus in cattle.  相似文献   

Effects of urine pH modification on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in healthy dogs     

K. FUKUNAGA  M. SAITO  M. MUTO  K. MISHIMA  M. FUJIWARA  K. ORITO 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2008,31(5):431-436

Although pH modification is one of the effective strategies for dissolving or preventing uroliths, little is known about its effects on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in dogs. Five spayed, female Beagles were fed with a twice‐daily diet that included potassium citrate and ammonium chloride for urine alkalinization and acidification, respectively. After a stabilizing period of 7 days, a single clinical dose of phenobarbital (3 mg/kg) was orally administered, and time‐course changes in its serum and urine concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Total amounts of unchanged phenobarbital excreted into urine for 216 h were decreased by urine acidification and increased by urine alkalinization. The elimination half‐life of serum phenobarbital in dogs with urine alkalinization was shortened and Cl_R increased when compared with dogs with urine acidification. Other pharmacokinetic parameters, including C_max, T_max, AUC_0–216, Cl/F, and A_e0–216 were not changed by modification of the urine pH. These results suggest that the pH of urine is likely to be a determinant of the pharmacokinetics, especially urine excretion rate, of a clinical dose of oral phenobarbital. It is possible that the serum concentration of phenobarbital might be altered when a pH modifying‐diet is administered for the purpose of dissolving or preventing uroliths.  相似文献   

Selection of useful probiotic lactic acid bacteria from the Lactobacillus acidophilus group and their applications to functional foods     

Tadao SAITO 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(1):1-13

In the present review, a new mass screening system for selecting probiotic strains from Lactobacillus (L) acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with strong adhesion to the human intestinal tract is described. Characteristics of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocin), lactose‐hydrolyzing enzymes and immunostimulative oligo DNA motifs in L. gasseri strains are also described. Finally, the use of L. acidophilus LAB, selected by our screening method, that have strong adhesion to the human colonic mucosa in functional yogurt products is described. Adhesiveness to the human intestine is one of the most important characteristics of probiotic LAB. A new screening system that involves a combination of three methods is proposed: rat colonic mucin (RCM)‐micro plate assay, Carnoy's histochemical staining method and carbohydrate probe binding assay. By using an RCM‐coated poly‐vinylidene‐diflouride membrane that mimics the human colonic mucous layer, a new lectin was isolated and its structure was clarified by gene cloning. Furthermore, the structures and functions of a new cyclic bacteriocin (gassericin A), new lactose‐hydrolyzing enzymes, and new immunostimulating oligo DNA motifs from Lactobacillus gasseri (B₁ subgroup) were clarified. A new functional yogurt ‘Fit down’ is proposed, that is fermented by an adhesive strain of L. acidophilus LA67 selected by our screening and contains antihypertensive peptides derived from whey proteins by protease digestion. In the future, superior functional foods containing more effective probiotic LAB are expected to be developed by the use of the proposed mass screening system.  相似文献   

Anti-Müllerian hormone as an indicator of hemi-castrated unilateral cryptorchid horses     

Harutaka MURASE  Shigeaki SAITO  Tomohiko AMAYA  Fumio SATO  Barry Allen BALL  Yasuo NAMBO 《Journal of Equine Science》2015,26(1):15-20

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Effect of supplemental vitamin E on the peripheral blood leukocyte population in Japanese Black calves     

Konosuke OTOMARU  Shun SAITO  Karura ENDO  Masayuki KOHIRUIMAKI  Hiromichi OHTSUKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):985-988

We investigated the effect of supplemental vitamin E on the peripheral blood leukocyte population in Japanese Black calves. Twenty-six calves kept at the same farm were studied. They were divided into two groups; thirteen calves received 300 IU/day of vitamin E orally from 1 to 3 months of age (VE group), and the other thirteen calves did not receive the vitamin E supplement (control group). The VE group showed a higher serum vitamin E concentration at 2 and 3 months of age compared with the control group (P<0.01). The numbers of CD3⁺ cells and CD4⁺ cells were higher in the VE group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant at 3 months of age (P<0.05). The numbers of CD21⁺ cells were higher in the VE group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant at 2 months of age (P<0.05). The numbers of CD335⁺ cells tended to be higher in the VE group than in the control group. The numbers of CD8⁺ cells and CD14⁺ cells tended to be higher in the VE group than in the control group at 3 and 4 months of age. This study demonstrated that the supplementation of suckling Japanese Black calves with vitamin E might affect the numbers of some immune cell types in the peripheral blood.  相似文献