Antioxidative Effects of Astaxanthin against Nitric Oxide‐Induced Oxidative Stress on Cell Viability and Gene Expression in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell and the Developmental Competence of Bovine IVM/IVF Embryos     

HY Jang  SJ Ji  YH Kim  HY Lee  JS Shin  HT Cheong  JT Kim  IC Park  HS Kong  CK Park  BK Yang 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(6):967-974

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the fundamental mechanism of bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) co‐culture on developmental capacity of bovine in vitro oocyte maturation/in vitro fertilization (IVM/IVF) embryos. We examined the effects of astaxanthin against nitric oxide‐induced oxidative stress on cell viability by MTT assay, lipid peroxidation (LPO) by using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction for malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression of antioxidant genes (CuZnSOD, MnSOD and Catalase) or apoptosis genes (Bcl‐2, Caspase‐3 and Bax) by RT‐PCR in BOEC. We also evaluated the developmental rates of bovine IVM/IVF embryos co‐cultured with BOEC pre‐treated with astaxanthin (500 μm ) in the presence or absence of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 1000 μm ) for 24 h. Cell viability in BOEC treated with SNP (50–2000 μm ) lowered, while astaxanthin addition (50–500 μm ) increased it in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell viability in astaxanthin plus SNP (1000 μm ) gradually recovered according to the increase in astaxanthin additions (100–500 mm ). The LPO in astaxanthin group (50–500 μM) gradually decreased in a dose dependent manner and among SNP or astaxanthin plus SNP group, SNP alone and astaxanthin (50 μM) plus SNP shown a significant increase than other groups (p < 0.05). Expression of apoptosis or antioxidant genes was detected by RT‐PCR. Bcl‐2 and antioxidant genes were detected in astaxanthin or astaxanthin plus SNP group, and Caspase‐3 and Bax genes were only found in SNP group. When bovine IVM/IVF embryos were cultured for 6–7 days under co‐culture system such as BOEC treated with astaxanthin in the presence or absence of SNP, the developmental ability to blastocysts in 500 μm astaxanthin group was the highest of all groups. These results suggest that astaxanthin has a antioxidative effect on cell viability and LPO of BOEC, and development of bovine IVM/IVF embryos due to the induction of antioxidant genes and suppression of apoptosis genes.  相似文献   

Nasopharyngeal trichobezoar foreign body in a cat     

Haynes KJ  Anderson SE  Laszlo MP 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(11):878-881

CASE SUMMARY: A 5-year-old male neutered indoor cat presented for evaluation and treatment of an acute onset of nasal discharge and open-mouth breathing of 3 days' duration. He had been treated for asthma prior to presentation, but his clinical signs were more consistent with upper airway disease. Thoracic radiographs were suggestive of asthma. However, a soft tissue mass was noted in the nasopharynx on a lateral cervical radiograph. Nasopharyngeal examination revealed the mass to be a trichobezoar (hair ball) lodged in the nasopharynx, removal of which led to resolution of clinical signs. The cat re-presented with a second nasopharyngeal trichobezoar approximately 1 year later, which was also successfully removed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nasopharyngeal disease has myriad potential infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic etiologies. However, simpler causes such as foreign bodies can be considered in cases of acute-onset nasopharyngeal disease. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nasopharyngeal trichobezoar foreign body in a cat.  相似文献   

Effect of synthetic dairy factory effluent containing different acids (H3PO4, HNO3 and CH3COOH) on soil microbial and chemical properties and nutrient leaching     

Y-Y. Liu  R. J. Haynes 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2012,48(8):867-878

The effects of addition of synthetic dairy factory effluent (DFE) containing phosphoric, nitric or acetic acids as cleaning agents on soil chemical and microbial properties and potential nutrient leaching from a dairy farm soil were studied in an 84-day open incubation/leaching experiment and in a short-term (24?days) closed incubation. Dairy factory effluent resulted in increased leaching of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺. The main anion leached in the DFE treatments was Cl^?, whilst in the control treatments it was NO ₃ ^? . Leachates from DFE-treated soil had a greater electrical conductivity (EC) and lower pH than those from controls, but type of acid had little effect on the ionic content or composition of leachates. At the conclusion of the experiment, soils from DFE treatments showed a large accumulation of exchangeable Na⁺, a reduction in exchangeable Ca²⁺ and significant increases in microbial biomass C, basal respiration and β-glucosidase and arylsulphatase activities. Microbial activity was greatest from the acetic acid-DFE treatment. There was a significant increase in extractable P in the phosphoric acid-DFE treatment, but addition of nitric acid-DFE did not increase leaching of NO ₃ ^? . In the short-term incubation experiment, EC increased over time in all treatments, while pH, microbial biomass and basal respiration decreased. During the first few days after a one-off DFE addition, there was an increase in both microbial biomass C and basal respiration, but these differences dissipated after 3?days. It was concluded that while additions of DFE have significant effects on chemical and microbial soil properties, a change in the form of acid present in the DFE has relatively minor effects on these properties.  相似文献   

Removal of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Alum-Derived Water Treatment Sludge     

Ya-Feng Zhou  Richard John Haynes 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,215(1-4):631-643

The sorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using alum-derived water treatment sludge was investigated using the batch adsorption technique. Samples of sludge from two separate water treatment plants were used (one where alum was used alone and one where it was used in combination with activated C). The sorption characteristics of the two samples were generally very similar. Sorption isotherm data for all three ions fitted equally well to both Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Maximum sorption capacity and indices of sorption intensity both followed the order: Cr(III)?>?Pb(II)?>?Cr(VI). Kinetic data correlated well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model suggesting the process involved was chemisorption. Sorption was pH-dependant with percentage sorption of Cr(III) and Pb(II) increasing from <30% to 100% between pH?3 and 6 whilst that of Cr(VI) declined greatly between pH?5 and 8. HNO₃ at a concentration of 0.1?M was effective at removing sorbed Cr(III) and Pb(II) from the sludge surfaces and regeneration was successful for eight sorption/removal cycles. It was concluded that water treatment sludge is a suitable material from which to develop a low-cost adsorbent for removal of Cr and Pb from wastewater streams.  相似文献   

Potato embryo culture     

F. L. Haynes 《American Journal of Potato Research》1954,31(9):282-288

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Recurrent maternal half-sib selection improves resistance to foliar late blight in a diploid hybridSolanum phureja-solanum stenotomum population     

Kathleen G. Haynes  Barbara J. Christ 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(2):181-188

Foliar late blight, caused byPhytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potatoes worldwide. In 1996 we initiated a breeding strategy to improve the levels of resistance to late blight in a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja-Solanum stenotomum. The purpose of this study was to determine if resistance to late blight in this diploid potato population could be improved by recurrent maternal half-sib selection. Four clones from each of 72 maternal half-sib families were evaluated for late blight resistance in replicated field trials in Pennsylvania in 1996 and 1997 (cycle 1) and in 2003 and 2004 (cycle 2). ‘Atlantic’ was included as a check cultivar at all sites. Percentage of infected foliage was recorded three times towards the end of the growing season each year and was used to compute area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Mean AUDPC for Atlantic in cycle 1 and 2 was 863 and 854, respectively. Mean AUDPC of the cycle 1 and cycle 2 diploid clones was 652 and 556, respectively. Narrowsense heritability for resistance in cycle 1 and cycle 2 was estimated as 0.78 and 0.77, respectively; additive genetic variance was estimated as 10960 and 12636, respectively; phenotypic variance was estimated as 14088 and 16375, respectively. Predicted and realized genetic gain from cycle 1 to cycle 2 was ?80 and ?96, respectively. Recurrent maternal half-sib selection is an effective way to improve resistance to late blight in this population and to maintain adequate genetic diversity for further enhancement efforts.  相似文献   

A conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy and economic analysis for creamer potato production     

Lidia M. Carrera  Ronald D. Morse  Beth L. Hima  Aref A. Abdul-Baki  Kathleen G. Haynes  John R. Teasdale 《American Journal of Potato Research》2005,82(6):471-479

A two-year experiment was conducted at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC), MD, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Kentland Agricultural Research Farm (KARF), VA, to evaluate potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production of 32- to 57-mm-size-range tubers (referred to hereafter as creamers) in a conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy. The experiments used a split-plot design in which the main-plots were cover crop treatments and the sub-plots were different potato selections. Main plot treatments included rye (Secale cereale L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), rape (Brassica napus L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), rye/crimson clover mixture, rape/crimson clover mixture, bare soil/raised beds, and bare soil/flat beds (control). Potato selections tested were B1145-2, B1491-5, and B1492-12 in 2000 and B1145-2, B1102-3, and B0811-4 in 2001. Yields in the conservation-tillage treatments were equal to or better than those in the bare soil/flat bed control with few exceptions. Large-sized tubers (<57 mm) in almost all cases remained below 6% of total marketable yield even when the tubers were harvested late. Delayed harvest did not reduce creamer-sized yields nor did it increase yield of large-sized tubers. Economic analysis shows that net returns from some conservation-tillage treatments are equal to or higher than the conventional-tillage strategy and confirms the viability of the conservation-tillage, cover-cropping strategy. Furthermore, the conservation-tillage strategy in many cases allows timely planting using machinery in the wet soils of Maryland and Virginia during the narrow window of spring potato planting time, whereas the conventional tillage strategy does not offer this advantage.  相似文献   

Male fertility of derived tetraploids ofSolanum tuberosum from groups tubersosum x phureja-stenotomum     

Aref A. Abdul-Baki  Kathleen G. Haynes 《American Journal of Potato Research》1993,70(12):885-895

Four plants of each of 15 derived tetraploids from a cross of B0749-2F (2n=4×=48) and DM91-5 (2n=2×=24) were planted in the greenhouse at Beltsville, Maryland, in January 1992. The female tetraploid parent is a late blight resistant selection from theTuberosum germplasm base. The male diploid parent is a high dry matter selection from the GroupPhureja-Stenotomum germplasm base. For each derived tetraploid, the percent normal, abnormal, and total pollen germinationin vitro were determined on 2–4 flowers per derived tetraploid harvested 3–4 times during a three-week period in April. The percent normal, abnormal, and total pollen germination ranged from 0.6 to 27.5, 0.1 to 7.6, and 1.4 to 36.6, respectively. Pollen tube growth, measured 2 hours from initiation of germination, ranged from 22 to 130 nm. Four general types of abnormalities in the pollen were identified: a) stunted and curly pollen tubes; b) damaged membranes allowing leakage of cytoplasmic contents; c) pollen grains with two or more pollen tubes; and d) split pollen tubes. In hybridizations with Atlantic as the female parent, 11 out of 15 of these derived tetraploids produced viable seeds. All 15 derived tetraploids were female fertile. These results suggest that utilizing derived tetraploids from theTuberosum andPhureja-Stenotomum germplasm bases in future breeding efforts should not present any great difficulty. However, hybridizations involving these derived tetraploids were more successful when the derived tetraploids were the female parent.  相似文献   

Coastal Chip: A chipping potato variety resistant to heat stress     

K. G. Haynes  R. W. Goth  S. B. Sterrett  B. J. Christ  D. E. Halseth  G. A. Porter  M. R. Henninger  D. R. Wilson  R. E. Webb  D. F. Hammond  R. Moore  F. L. Haynes  S. Arrendell  M. J. Wannamaker  S. L. Sinden 《American Journal of Potato Research》1992,69(8):515-523

Coastal Chip is a medium-late maturing potato chipping variety suitable for production in locations along the east coast of the United States where heat stress reduces internal quality of tubers. It yields as well as the variety Atlantic but is not as susceptible to heat necrosis. The specific gravity of Coastal Chip averages approximately 0.010 less than Atlantic at locations subject to heat stress. In the seed producing areas of Maine it’s specific gravity averages approximately 0.005 less than that of Atlantic. Tubers are round, netted-skinned, and have moderately deep stem and bud ends. Chips from Coastal Chip are slightly lighter in color than those produced by Atlantic. In mid-Atlantic states where heat stress adversely affects chip color Coastal Chip processes into chips for a slightly longer period of time after harvest than does Atlantic. Glycoalkaloid content of Coastal Chip averaged 7.9 mg/100 g fresh tissue. Sunburned (green) tubers of Coastal Chip develop purple streaks that remain following processing. Hills must be properly covered to reduce losses. Coastal Chip is resistant to race A of the golden nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) and potato virus A. It is tolerant to Verticillium wilt, more susceptible to common scab and Rhizoctonia than Atlantic and susceptible to potato virus X.  相似文献   

1981–82 report of the International Relations Committee     

F. L. Haynes 《American Journal of Potato Research》1982,59(11):571-571

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