Size measurement and nutritional condition evaluation methods in sandfish (Holothuria scabra Jaeger)     

Satoshi Watanabe  Jacques Morales Zarate  Joemel Gentelizo Sumbing  Maria Junemie Hazel Lebata‐Ramos  Marie Frances Nievales 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(6):940-948

The aims of this study were to establish an accurate size measurement method and a nutritional condition evaluation method of Holothuria scabra (Jaeger). Although 0.5% KCl and 0.05% MgSO₄ did not induce anaesthesia, 2% menthol–ethanol for 20 min was found to be effective and harmless. The anaesthetization significantly reduced the coefficient of variation of the mean body length and weight by 68% and 43% respectively. During starvation, body size and weight decreased concomitantly, resulting in an unchanged condition factor (body weight/volume), suggesting that the condition factor cannot be used as an index of nutritional condition. Protein, cholesterol and carbohydrate concentrations in the body fluid were analysed to study the relationship with starvation. As the protein and cholesterol concentrations initially increased and then decreased during the starvation period, it is difficult to use them as an index of nutritional condition. The carbohydrate concentration showed a gradual one‐fold increase during 10 days of starvation, and it may be used as a proxy for nutritional condition; however, further physiological studies are needed. Body fluid density and volume relative to body size gradually increased and decreased, respectively, during starvation. These methods may be used to correctly monitor the conditions of H. scabra in studies for aquaculture and stock enhancement techniques.  相似文献   

Students’ opinions on welfare and ethics issues for companion animals in Australian and New Zealand veterinary schools          下载免费PDF全文

C Degeling  A Fawcett  T Collins  S Hazel  J Johnson  J Lloyd  CJC Phillips  K Stafford  V Tzioumis  P McGreevy 《Australian veterinary journal》2017,95(6):189-193

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High-Tc superconductors in the two-dimensional limit:     

JH Choy  SJ Kwon  GS Park 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5369):1589-1592

The free modulation of interlayer distance in a layered high-transition temperature (high-Tc) superconductor is of crucial importance not only for the study of the superconducting mechanism but also for the practical application of high-Tc superconducting materials. Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors were achieved by intercalating a long-chain organic compound into bismuth-based high-Tc cuprates. Although the intercalation of the organic chain increased the interlayer distance remarkably, to tens of angstroms, the superconducting transition temperature of the intercalate was nearly the same as that of the pristine material, suggesting the 2D nature of the high-Tc superconductivity.  相似文献   

Magnetic Field and Plasma Observations at Mars: Initial Results of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MH Acu?a  JEP Connerney  P Wasilewski  RP Lin  KA Anderson  CW Carlson  J McFadden  DW Curtis  D Mitchell  H Reme  C Mazelle  JA Sauvaud  C d'Uston  A Cros  JL Medale  SJ Bauer  P Cloutier  M Mayhew  D Winterhalter  NF Ness 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1676-1680

The magnetometer and electron reflectometer investigation (MAG/ER) on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has obtained magnetic field and plasma observations throughout the near-Mars environment, from beyond the influence of Mars to just above the surface (at an altitude of approximately 100 kilometers). The solar wind interaction with Mars is in many ways similar to that at Venus and at an active comet, that is, primarily an ionospheric-atmospheric interaction. No significant planetary magnetic field of global scale has been detected to date (<2 x 10(21) Gauss-cubic centimeter), but here the discovery of multiple magnetic anomalies of small spatial scale in the crust of Mars is reported.  相似文献   

Dictionary of Veterinary Epidemiology     

SJ More 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(12):813-813

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Isolation of Treponema hyodysenteriae from a wild rat living on a piggery     

DJ HAMPSON  BG COMBS  SJ HARDERS  ID CONNAUGHTON  VA FAHY 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(9):308-308

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Presettlement landscape heterogeneity: Evaluating grain of resolution using General Land Office Survey data     

Hazel R. Delcourt  Paul A. Delcourt 《Landscape Ecology》1996,11(6):363-381

General Land Office Survey (GLOS) records from the A.D. 1840s provide data for quantitative characterization of presettlement vegetation across western Mackinac County, Michigan, located within the mixed conifer-northern hardwoods forest region. We analyzed data from land survey plat maps and 1958 bearing, witness, and line trees from 162 surveyed section and quarter-section corners in order to map vegatation cover types at a level of spatial resolution appropriate for characterizing landscape heterogeneity using standard landscape ecological metrics. As also demonstrated by a number of both classic and contemporary plant-ecological studies, the distribution of landforms, soils properties, hydrology, and location of fire breaks all contribute to the heterogeneity in vegetation observed at a landscape scale in the region. Through a series of spatial landscape analyses with differing grain of resolution, in this study we determine that a grid cell size of 65 ha (0.5 mi×0.5 mi or 0.25 mi²) to 259 ha (1 mi²) gives a conservative characterization of landscape heterogeneity using standard metrics and is therefore appropriate for use of GLOS data to study historical landscape changes.  相似文献   

Deaths in racing greyhounds     

Bentall H 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(8):254-255

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The structure and regulation of the Irish equine industries: Links to considerations of equine welfare     

Collins J  Hanlon A  More S  Duggan V 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(11):746-756

The equine industries in Ireland are vibrant and growing. They are broadly classified into two sectors: Thoroughbred racing, and sports and leisure. This paper describes these sectors in terms of governance, education and training in equine welfare, and available data concerning horse numbers, identification, traceability and disposal. Animal welfare, and specifically equine welfare, has received increasing attention internationally. There is general acceptance of concepts such as animal needs and persons' responsibilities toward animals in their care, as expressed in the 'Five Freedoms'. As yet, little has been published on standards of equine welfare pertaining to Ireland, or on measures to address welfare issues here. This paper highlights the central role of horse identification and legal registration of ownership to safeguard the health and welfare of horses.  相似文献   

Trends in cow numbers and culling rate in the Irish cattle population, 2003 to 2006     

Maher P  Good M  More S 《Irish veterinary journal》2008,61(7):455-463

Cows are the main economic production units of Ireland's cattle industry. Therefore, demographic information, including overall numbers and survival rates, are relevant to the Irish agricultural industry. However, few data are available on the demographics of cows within a national population, either in Ireland or elsewhere, despite the recent development of comprehensive national cattle databases in many EU Member States. This study has sought: to determine the rate of cow culling from the national herd; to determine the rate of culling by type (dairy, beef), age, method of exit, date of exit and interval between last calving and exit; to calculate the national cow on-farm mortality rate; and to compare the Irish rates with published data from other countries. This work was conducted using data recorded in the national Cattle Movement Monitoring System (CMMS). Culling refers to the exit of cows from the national herd, as a result of death but regardless of reason, and cow-culling rate was calculated as the number of cow exits (as defined above) each year divided by the number of calf births in the same year. Culling rate was determined by type (dairy or beef), date of birth, method of exit (slaughter or on-farm death), month of exit and interval between last calving and exit. The average cow-culling rate during 2003 to 2006 was 19.6% (21.3% for dairy, 18% for beef). While comparisons must be treated with caution, it concluded that the overall rates of culling in Ireland fell within published internationally accepted norms. The on-farm mortality rate of 3.2-4.1% was similar to that reported in comparable studies.  相似文献