The Effect of MSW Compost on Metal Uptake and Yield Of Wheat,Barley and Canola in Less Productive Farming Soils of Alberta     

M. Zhang  D. Heaney  E. Solberg  B. Heriquez 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(3):224-235

Experiments were started in May 1998 at two sites to measure various crop responses to a mixed municipal solid waste-biosolids cocompost (named Nutri Plus) and examine the fate of certain metals associated with Nutri Plus compost. There were six treatments: Check, 50, 100, and 200 T compost/ha, NPKS (75 kg nitrogen (N) /ha, 20 kg phosphorus (P)/ha, 45 kg potassium (K) and 18 kg sulphur (S)/ha), PK (20 kg P, 45 kg K/ha), and three crops: canola (Brassica rapa cv. ‘Hysyn 110’), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Roblin’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ‘Lacombe’). Each treatment was replicated four times and was in a complete randomized block design. In the compost treatments, 20 kg P and 45 kg K were applied due to low concentration of these two nutrients in the compost. Soil and plant samples were analyzed for nutrient content such as N, P and K. In addition, plant samples and soil samples after the compost application were also analyzed for elemental content of As, B, Cr, Co, Cu, Zn Se, Mo, Cd, Hg and Pb. The research results show that the compost slightly increased heavy metal concentrations in the soil but did not cause any phytoxicity to crops. Yield from 100 and 200 T/ha application was higher with the compost than with NPKS treatment. However, the yield of the 50 T/ha application was similar to that of NPKS treatment. Comparing the two sites, the compost apparently was more beneficial at Site 1 than at Site 2 in the year of application. This is likely due to the lower indigenous soil fertility and poor soil physical properties at Site 1. The N content in cereal grains was similar among the compost treatments but lower than the Check and NPKS treatments due to the diluting effect of higher yield. The oil content in canola seed was similar among all treatments. The results suggest that Nutri Plus compost applications generated positive yield responses in all three crops. Crop yield increased as the application rate increased. Heavy metal loading was not an immediate problem with the compost application, although it will limit total compost application over time to the same soil  相似文献   

A Four-Year Study on Influence of Biosolids/MSW Cocompost Application in Less Productive Soils In Alberta: Nutrient Dynamics     

M. Zhang  D. Heaney  B. Henriquez  E. Solberg  E. Bittner 《Compost science & utilization》2013,21(1):68-80

Composting municipal solid waste and biosolids and applying it on arable land have become an alternative way to treat waste in large municipalities in North America. However, cost of compost transportation and application constrains the compost use on the land further away from where it is produced. A four-year experiment was conducted (1998-2001) in less productive soils in Alberta to determine the effect of once in four year application of cocompost on soil nutrient dynamics and crop N uptakes. There were three crop blocks: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L), and canola (Brassica rapa), and they were rotated annually. The compost was only applied in 1998 at a rate of 50, 100 and 200 t/ha. Soil samples were taken in spring of every year after initial compost application to determine extractable N, P, K, S, Cu, Zn, Soil pH and EC. Each year, crops were harvested and N uptake was determined. Total concentrations of an array of heavy metals in the first year and fourth year after compost application were determined as well. The results showed that the release of N from the compost was high in the first year after compost application and then declined in each subsequent year. Similar to that release pattern was sulphur. The release of phosphorus from compost was steady throughout the four-year experimental time. Crop N uptake from compost application varied with crops and sites. The over all N use efficiency for three crops and two sites was 11%, 3%, 1% and 2% for the first and subsequent three years. The total heavy metal concentrations in the compost amended soils in the first and fourth year after compost application were similar, and they were below the standard of Canadian Fertilizer Act. Our results showed that N released from compost occurred mostly in the first two years after application, suggesting that an application frequency of once in every second year may be better than the once in every four year application strategy, especially with 100 t/ha application rate.  相似文献   

Toll‐like receptor and related cytokine mRNA expression in bovine corpora lutea during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy          下载免费PDF全文

JE Gadsby  AM Tyson Nipper  HA Faircloth  M D'Annibale‐Tolhurst  J Chang  PW Farin  IM Sheldon  DH Poole 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(3):495-504

Improving our understanding of the mechanisms controlling the corpus luteum (CL) and its role in regulating the reproductive cycle should lead to improvements in the sustainability of today's global animal industry. The corpus luteum (CL) is a transient endocrine organ composed of a heterogeneous mixture steroidogenic, endothelial and immune cells, and it is becoming clear that immune mechanisms play a key role in CL regulation especially in luteolysis. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) mediate innate immune mechanisms via the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, especially within various tissues, although the role of TLR within CL remains unknown. Thus, the objectives of this study were to characterize TLR mRNA expression in the CL during the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy (day 30–50), and to examine the role of TLR signalling in luteal cells. Corpora lutea were collected at various stages of the cycle and pregnancy and analysed for TLR and cytokine mRNA expression. In addition, luteal cells were cultured with the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) for 24 h to evaluate the role of TLR4 in regulating luteal function. Toll‐like receptors 1, 2, 4, 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN‐G), and interleukin (IL)‐12, mRNA expressions were greatest in regressing CL compared with earlier stages (p < .05), whereas no change was observed for IL‐6 mRNA expression. Cytokine mRNA expression in cultured luteal cells was not altered by LPS. Based on these data, one or more of the TLRs found within the CL may play a role in luteolysis, perhaps via pro‐inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression.  相似文献   

Solution properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J Chen  MA Hamon  H Hu  Y Chen  AM Rao  PC Eklund  RC Haddon 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5386):95-98

Naked metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were dissolved in organic solutions by derivatization with thionychloride and octadecylamine. Both ionic (charge transfer) and covalent solution-phase chemistry with concomitant modulation of the SWNT band structure were demonstrated. Solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effects of chemical modifications on the band gaps of the SWNTs. Reaction of soluble SWNTs with dichlorocarbene led to functionalization of the nanotube walls.  相似文献   

Design of a surface alloy catalyst for steam reforming   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F Besenbacher  I Chorkendorff  BS Clausen  B Hammer  AM Molenbroek  JK Norskov  I Stensgaard 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1913-1915

Detailed studies of elementary chemical processes on well-characterized single crystal surfaces have contributed substantially to the understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. Insight into the structure of surface alloys combined with an understanding of the relation between the surface composition and reactivity is shown to lead directly to new ideas for catalyst design. The feasibility of such an approach is illustrated by the synthesis, characterization, and tests of a high-surface area gold-nickel catalyst for steam reforming.  相似文献   

Synthesis of new tetronamides displaying inhibitory activity against bloom‐forming cyanobacteria     

Jaime AM Acosta  Milandip Karak  Luiz CA Barbosa  John Boukouvalas  Andrea Straforini  Giuseppe Forlani 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):779-788

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THE CONSERVATION OF GRASSLAND HERBAGE IN LINED TRENCH SILOS     

W. O. Brown  I. H. Heaney 《Grass and Forage Science》1951,6(2):91-98

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Observations on production of hemolysin, heat-labile enterotoxin and antimicrobial drug resistance among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli from pigs.     

H. Hariharan  S. Heaney  J. Bryenton  J. Daley 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1992,15(4):229-234

A total of 52 isolates of Escherichia coli belonging to enterotoxigenic serotypes from piglets with diarrhea were examined for hemolysis, production of cholera-like enterotoxin (LT) and susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial drugs. A strong association between production of LT and hemolysis was seen. Ninety percent of 29 hemolylic isolates were LT⁺ whereas 100% of 23 nonhemolytic isolates were LT⁻ in a commercial latex agglutination assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests employing disc diffusion showed that resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), neomycin and tetracycline was significantly less among LT⁺ isolates compared to LT⁻ ones. Enrofloxacin was the only antimicrobial drug to which all the 52 isolates were susceptible.  相似文献   

Blood cultures from calves and foals          下载免费PDF全文

Hariharan H  Bryenton J  St Onge J  Heaney S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1992,33(1):56-57

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Comparative energy availability for lambs of four timothy varieties at progressive growth stages     

D P Heaney  W J Pigden  G I Pritchard 《Journal of animal science》1966,25(1):142-149

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