Parotid duct transposition in dogs: a retrospective review of 92 eyes from 1999 to 2009     

Rhodes M  Heinrich C  Featherstone H  Braus B  Manning S  Cripps PJ  Renwick P 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(4):213-222

Objective The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective review of parotid duct transposition (PDT) in the dog to determine the rate and nature of complications, the success and failure rates and to evaluate owner satisfaction. Methods Medical records of 56 dogs (92 eyes) that underwent PDT and subsequent follow‐up by a veterinary ophthalmologist were reviewed. Forty owners (40 dogs/66 eyes) were contacted by telephone and 37 owners (37 dogs/60 eyes) also completed a visual analog scale questionnaire. Statistical evaluation included Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests, one‐way analysis of variance and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis with Wilcoxon and Log‐rank tests. Results The mean follow‐up was 38.7 months (range 1–109 months). The surgical success rate was 92% (85/92 eyes). Total failures (8%, 7/92 eyes) were because of severe saliva intolerance (n = 5 eyes) and PDT failure (n = 2 eyes). The complication rate was 50% (46/92 eyes) of which 61% (28/46 eyes) were managed medically and 39% (18/46 eyes) required further surgery. Ninety percent (36/40) of owners indicated that they would proceed with surgery again. Statistically significant improvements in owner perception of ocular comfort, number of daily topical treatments, ocular wetness, and postoperative vision were identified. Conclusions This study shows that PDT is a successful procedure based on clinical findings and in terms of owner perception. It has also demonstrated that PDT improves ocular comfort and vision in medically refractive cases of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and that a low level of on‐going management is required in 33% of cases.  相似文献   

Cataracts are not associated with retinal detachment in the Bichon Frise in the UK--a retrospective study of preoperative findings and outcomes in 40 eyes     

Braus BK  Rhodes M  Featherstone HJ  Renwick PW  Heinrich CL 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2012,15(2):98-101

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Bichon Frise population in the UK is at the same risk of developing retinal detachment in association with cataract formation and following phacoemulsification as described in reports from the USA. Procedures The medical records of Bichon Frises which were presented for cataract assessment and of those which were treated with phacoemulsification at Willows Referral Service between 1997 and 2009 were reviewed. Results Forty eyes (26 dogs) with unilateral or bilateral cataracts were included in the study. There was no evidence of retinal detachment associated with the cataracts at initial presentation. Phacoemulsification was performed on 34 eyes (20 dogs). Clinically evident lens‐induced uveitis was treated preoperatively in 17/34 eyes. Artificial lens implantation was carried out in 30/34 eyes; automated anterior vitrectomy was performed in 7/34 eyes. The mean follow‐up time was 16.6 months (range 1.5–73 months). At the last re‐examination, 31/34 eyes (91.2%) were visual. Three eyes (8.8%) were blind – two (in the same dog) because of presumptive bilateral optic nerve disease and one because of uveitis and secondary glaucoma. There was no evidence of retinal detachment following phacoemulsification in any of the 34 eyes. Conclusion This study suggests that the Bichon Frise population in the UK does not appear to have a predisposition for retinal detachment in association with cataract formation or following cataract surgery. Prophylactic random transscleral laser retinopexy or transscleral cryopexy cannot therefore be routinely recommended for Bichon Frises with cataracts in the UK.  相似文献   

Assessing long term effects of compost fertilization on soil fertility and nitrogen mineralization rate     

Marie Reimer  Clara Kopp  Tobias Hartmann  Heidi Zimmermann  Reiner Ruser  Rudolf Schulz  Torsten Müller  Kurt Möller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2023,186(2):217-233

Background

Fertilization with organic waste compost can close the nutrient cycles between urban and rural environments. However, its effect on yield and soil fertility must be investigated.

Aim

This study investigated the long-term effect of compost on soil nutrient and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentration, nutrient budgets, and nitrogen (N) mineralization and efficiency.

Methods

After 21 years of annual compost application (100/400 kg N ha^–1 year^–1 [100BC/400BC]) alone and combined with mineral fertilization, soil was analyzed for pH, organic carbon (SOC), nutrient (total N and P, N_min, extractable CAL-P, CAL-K, and Mg), and PTE (Cu, Ni, Zn) concentrations. Yields were recorded and nutrient/PTE budgets and apparent net mineralization (ANM, only 2019) were calculated.

Results

N efficiency was the highest in maize and for mineral fertilization. Compost application led to lower N efficiencies, but increased ANM, SOC, pH, and soil N, and surpluses of N, P, and all PTEs. Higher PTE concentrations were only found in 400BC for Cu. Nutrient budgets correlated with soil nutrient concentration. A surplus of 16.1 kg P ha^–1 year^–1 and 19.5 kg K ha^–1 year^–1 resulted in 1 mg kg^–1 increase in CAL-P and CAL-K over 21 years.

Conclusion

Compost application supplies nutrients to crops with a minor risk of soil-accumulation of PTEs. However, the nutrient stoichiometry provided by compost does not match crop offtakes causing imbalances. Synchronization of compost N mineralization and plant N demand does not match and limits the yield effect. In winter wheat only 65–70% of N mineralization occurred during the growth period.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone after intravenous and intramuscular administration in broiler chickens     

Anneleen Watteyn  Heidi Wyns  Elke Plessers  Elisa Russo  Siegrid De Baere  Patrick De Backer  Siska Croubels 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):216-220

The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone in broiler chickens. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate (0.3 mg/kg bodyweight) was injected IV or IM and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after administration. Dexamethasone in the plasma samples was measured using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method and the pharmacokinetics analysed according to a one-compartmental model.The maximum plasma concentration after IM administration occurred at 0.37 h. The elimination half-life for dexamethasone was 0.46 h and 0.70 h following IV and IM administration, respectively, which was shorter than other species, while the clearance (1.26 L/h kg) was higher than has been reported for other species (<0.5 L/h kg). The volume of distribution (～1 L/kg) was similar to values reported for other species and the bioavailability of dexamethasone after IM administration was 100%. The results from this study will be useful in investigating whether inflammatory disease may affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of dexamethasone in chickens.  相似文献   

Adverse reactions to equine‐derived F(ab’)2‐antivenin in 54 dogs envenomated by Vipera berus berus     

Heidi S. Lund DVM  Veronica Kristiansen DVM  Anna V. Eggertsdóttir DVM  PhD  Ellen Skancke DVM  PhD  Birgit Ranheim DVM  PhD 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2013,23(5):532-537

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Selection of Nontarget Testing Organisms for ERA of GM Potato with Increased Resistance to Late Blight     

Frøydis T. Gillund  Lise Nordgaard  Thomas Bøhn  Odd Gunnar Wikmark  Heidi Sjursen Konestabo  Angelika Hilbeck 《Potato Research》2013,56(4):293-324

The deliberate release of any genetically modified (GM) organism in the European Union requires an environmental risk assessment (ERA) prior to commercialisation, including impact assessment on nontarget organisms. We report from two expert workshops where a newly developed selection procedure for identification of ecologically relevant testing organisms was applied to the case of a GM potato with increased resistance to late blight, planned for cultivation in southern Scandinavia. Species known to contribute to important ecological functions in the receiving environment were selected in a stepwise procedure, to arrive at a practical number of ecologically relevant species that are likely to be exposed to the transgene and suitable for experimental testing. Four ecological functional categories were identified: herbivory and disease transmission, natural enemies, ecological soil processes and pollination. Among these, relevant nontarget species were identified for herbivores and soil living pathogens, natural enemies and decomposers/beneficial soil organisms. Out of a total of 16 herbivores, 17 soil-living pathogens, 49 natural enemies and 14 decomposers/beneficial soil organisms in the initial lists, 8 herbivores, 10 soil-living pathogens, 15 natural enemies and 11 decomposers/beneficial soil organisms were identified as possible testing organisms, based on ecological criteria. These findings are highly relevant for determining the scope and structure of an ERA of this type of GM potato. The selection procedure could not be completed because of insufficient information about tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression levels of the transgenic products for this particular GM potato. Thus, the case study illustrates some of the difficulties and knowledge gaps that limit the relevance and quality of ERA of GM plants.  相似文献   

Genetic linkage between class 1 integrons with the dfrA12-orfF-aadA2 cassette array and sul3 in Escherichia coli     

Sunde M  Solheim H  Slettemeås JS 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,130(3-4):422-425

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Assessment of serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type II, and canine parvovirus in Alaskan sled dogs before and after a long-distance race     

Banse HE  McKenzie EC  Nelson S  Hinchcliff KW 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(11):1669-1673

OBJECTIVE: To determine serum antibody titers against canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus type II (CAV-2), and canine parvovirus (CPV) in trained sled dogs prior to and after completion of a long-distance race. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. ANIMALS: 195 Alaskan sled dogs (from 18 kennels) that participated in the 2006 Iditarod Trail Race. PROCEDURES: All 1,323 dogs participating in the race had been vaccinated against the 3 viruses at 19 to 286 days prior to initial blood sample collection (obtained within the month preceding the race). Within 12 hours of race completion, blood samples were collected from 195 dogs (convenience sample) and matched with each dog's prerace sample. Serum antibody titers (90% confidence intervals [CIs]) were determined via serum neutralization assays. RESULTS: After racing, geometric mean titers against CDV and CPV were significantly higher (2,495 [90% CI, 321 to 16,384] and 6,323 [90% CI, 512 to 32,768], respectively) than prerace values (82 [90% CI, 11 to 362] and 166 [90% CI, 32 to 1,024], respectively). Sixty-one of 194 (31.4%) dogs had > or = 4-fold increases in anti-CPV antibody titers after racing. Prerace serum antibody titers against CDV, CPV, and CAV-2 varied significantly by sled team but were not associated with time since vaccination. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postrace increases in serum anti-CDV and anti-CPV antibody titer might reflect exposure of dogs to these agents immediately before or during racing. Dogs had no clinical signs of CDV-, CAV-2-, or CPV-associated disease; therefore, the clinical importance of these titer changes is uncertain.  相似文献   

Review of literature and results from test matings of East Friesian milk sheep affected with brachygnathia inferior     

Kerkmann A  Kuiper H  Ganter M  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2008,121(7-8):292-305

Shortness of the lower jaw (brachygnathia inferior, underbite, overshot, parrot mouth) is an inborn and mostly hereditary malformation often seen in many sheep breeds. Chromosomal anomalies are generally not involved in brachygnathia inferior. Viral infections, teratogenic drugs and alkaloids of plants often lead to craniofacial malformations associated with brachygnathia inferior. A maternal deficiency of iron is discussed as a cause for brachygnathia inferior. We performed a three-year breeding trial using mainly East Friesian milk sheep affected by brachygnathic occlusion. Mating schemes included affected by affected and affected by unaffected matings. In the breeding trial, 60 lambs were born and from these 37 animals had variable degrees of brachygnathia inferior. The brachygnathic condition increased with rising age of the lambs. Extremely affected lambs showed palatine ulcers and growth retardation. Moreover, some animals had abnormal positions of the incisor teeth, distortion of the lower jaw and deformities of the external ear. Analysis of the pedigree did not support a monogenic inheritance pattern. An oligogenic inheritance including a dominant and recessive locus responsible for the major gene effects and possibly further modifying loci appeared much more likely. Other causes for brachygnathia inferior such as viral infections and anemia of the ewes could be ruled out. Chromosomal abnormalities were not evident and thus, large chromosomal defects were not associated with brachygnathia inferior.  相似文献   

Return to racing after surgical management of third carpal bone slab fractures in thoroughbred and standardbred racehorses     

Alyssa K. Doering  Heidi L. Reesink  Lauren K. Luedke  Christina Moore  Alan J. Nixon  Lisa A. Fortier  Norm G. Ducharme  Michael W. Ross  David G. Levine  Dean W. Richardson  Darko Stefanovski  Kyla F. Ortved 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(4):513-523

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