Supermarket and fast-food outlet exposure in Copenhagen: associations with socio-economic and demographic characteristics     

Svastisalee CM  Nordahl H  Glümer C  Holstein BE  Powell LM  Due P 《Public health nutrition》2011,14(9):1618-1626

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INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN SUPPLY ON CADMIUM ACCUMULATION IN POTATO TUBERS     

E. Helene Larsson Jönsson  Håkan Asp 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):345-360

The effect of different levels and forms of nitrogen (N) fertilizer on cadmium (Cd) concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, a large component of the northern European diet, was investigated with the aim of decreasing the Cd content. A high and a low Cd-accumulating cultivar were used in two field trials and a pot experiment. The N fertilizers tested were balanced N- phosphorus (P)- potassium (K) 11-5-18 + micronutrients, alkaline calcium nitrate and acidic ammonium sulfate at levels of 60, 160, and 240 kg N ha^?1 at planting or (for the higher N doses) split between two or three occasions. The Cd concentration in tubers of both cultivars decreased when increasing the N fertilizer from 60 to 160 or 240 kg N ha^?1, indicating that Cd uptake and translocation are not positively correlated to the growth rate of the potato plant. A strong positive linear correlation was found between the Cd concentration in leaves at 77 days after planting and the Cd concentration in tubers at harvest, irrespective of N treatment, although the Cd concentration was three-fold higher in the leaves. The genetic variation in leaf and tuber Cd accumulation was consistent, regardless of the form of N fertilizer used. Ammonium sulfate decreased soil pH and increased tuber Cd concentration in both cultivars compared with NPK fertilizer, possibly due to increased amounts of plant-available Cd arising from the pH decrease after ammonium sulfate application. The tuber Cd concentration in the low Cd-accumulating cultivar increased when fertilized with calcium nitrate, an effect attributed to Cd availability being influenced by the increased Ca²⁺ concentration.  相似文献   

A survey of ovine parasite control practices in Tennessee.     

C R Reinemeyer  B W Rohrbach  V M Grant  G L Radde 《Veterinary parasitology》1992,42(1-2):111-122

A sample of 126 sheep producers in Tennessee was randomly selected from the members of a statewide organization of sheep producers. Data about the participants' farms, sheep, parasite control practices and sources of information regarding ovine parasite control were obtained by a telephone survey. The response rate was 99%. The typical respondent kept 20 lambs, 20 ewes and 2 rams on three pastures totalling 20 acres. In order of decreasing frequency, anthelmintics were given according to a regular schedule, to coincide with breeding management procedures, or to treat clinical signs of parasitism. Proportions of producers deworming the various classes of sheep zero, one, two, three, four or more than four times annually were as follows: lambs--3, 28, 40, 16, 9 and 8%, respectively; ewes--3, 8, 20, 16, 34 and 22%, respectively; rams--1, 9, 19, 15, 38 and 19%, respectively. The majority of respondents planned to deworm lambs (89%) and ewes (82%) the same number of times in the following year. Of the producers who dewormed sheep two or more times during 1989, 39-49% (ranges include different proportions for lambs, ewes and rams) used the same anthelmintic exclusively, and 51-61% used two or more drug classes. Of the owners using a single anthelmintic exclusively, most (39-66%) used ivermectin, followed by levamisole (19-33%) and benzimidazoles (13-24%). One hundred and three of 124 (83%) producers intended to use the same anthelmintics in the future. Sixty-four of 124 (52%) producers had discontinued using at least one ovine anthelmintic. The most common reasons for discontinuance were dissatisfaction with the clinical response after treatment and inconvenience of administration. Sheep-oriented publications, other sheep producers and veterinarians were considered the most important sources of information about deworming programs and choice of anthelmintics.  相似文献   

Effects of intravenous lidocaine, ketamine, and the combination on the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs     

Wilson J  Doherty TJ  Egger CM  Fidler A  Cox S  Rohrbach B 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2008,35(4):289-296

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of intravenous lidocaine (L) and ketamine (K) alone and their combination (LK) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (SEVO) in dogs.Study designProspective randomized, Latin-square experimental study.AnimalsSix, healthy, adult Beagles, 2 males, 4 females, weighing 7.8 – 12.8 kg.MethodsAnesthesia was induced with SEVO in oxygen delivered by face mask. The tracheas were intubated and the lungs ventilated to maintain normocapnia. Baseline minimum alveolar concentration of SEVO (MAC_B) was determined in duplicate for each dog using an electrical stimulus and then the treatment was initiated. Each dog received each of the following treatments, intravenously as a loading dose (LD) followed by a constant rate infusion (CRI): lidocaine (LD 2 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 50 μg kg⁻¹minute⁻¹), lidocaine (LD 2 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 100 μgkg⁻¹ minute⁻¹), lidocaine (LD 2 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 200 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹), ketamine (LD 3 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 50 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹), ketamine (LD 3 mgkg⁻¹, CRI 100 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹), or lidocaine (LD 2 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 100 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) + ketamine (LD 3 mg kg⁻¹, CRI 100 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) in combination. Post-treatment MAC (MAC_T) determination started 30 minutes after initiation of treatment.ResultsLeast squares mean ± SEM MAC_B of all groups was 1.9 ± 0.2%. Lidocaine infusions of 50, 100, and 200 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹ significantly reduced MAC_B by 22.6%, 29.0%, and 39.6%, respectively. Ketamine infusions of 50 and 100 μg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹ significantly reduced MAC_B by 40.0% and 44.7%, respectively. The combination of K and L significantly reduced MAC_B by 62.8%.Conclusions and clinical relevanceLidocaine and K, alone and in combination, decrease SEVO MAC in dogs. Their use, at the doses studied, provides a clinically important reduction in the concentration of SEVO during anesthesia in dogs.  相似文献   

Investigation of interference from canine anti‐mouse antibodies in hormone immunoassays     

Daniel Bergman  Anders Larsson  Helene Hansson‐Hamlin  Bodil Strm Holst 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2019,48(Z1):59-69

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Subgroups of canine antinuclear antibodies in relation to laboratory and clinical findings in immune-mediated disease   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Hansson-Hamlin H  Lilliehöök I  Trowald-Wigh G 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2006,35(4):397-404

Background:  Autoimmune system diseases in dogs are commonly referred to as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test as a hallmark. In human patients, other systemic ANA-positive diseases with overlapping diagnostic features, referred to as SLE-related diseases, are described.  Objectives:  The objective of this study was to investigate whether different patterns of ANA reactivity represent different systemic autoimmune diseases in dogs. Methods:  Dogs with serum positive for ANA by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF-ANA, titer ≥1:100) (n=56) were identified retrospectively from the patient population at the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. Dogs were grouped on the basis of ANA staining patterns, and the results of immunodiffusion tests. Clinical, hematologic, serum biochemical, radiologic, and pathologic examinations were described for each group.  Results:  Dogs with a chromosomal–positive, homogeneous ANA staining pattern (n=14) had clinical signs involving multiple organ systems; 8 dogs were anemic. Dogs with a speckled IIF-ANA staining pattern (n=42) primarily had clinical signs of musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and fever. Precipitating antibodies by immunodiffusion were found only in dogs with a speckled IIF-ANA staining pattern and comprised 4 different subgroups based on antigen specificity. Conclusions: In dogs with homogeneous IIF-ANA staining, SLE is a probable diagnosis because of the diversity of clinical manifestations and autoantibody reactivity against chromosomal antigens. Dogs with a speckled IIF-ANA pattern may have SLE-related diseases, which, in turn, may be correlated with different immunodiffusion subgroups. These syndromes had overlapping clinicopathologic features, as described for human patients.  相似文献   

Back to basics: Considerations in evaluating the outcomes of community forestry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ahmad Maryudi  Rosan R. DevkotaCarsten Schusser  Cornelius YufanyiManjola Salla  Helene AurenhammerRatchananth Rotchanaphatharawit  Max Krott 《Forest Policy and Economics》2012,14(1):1-5

Evaluations on community forestry outcomes are important to observe whether the program community forestry produces what it has promised. For the evaluation -as an alternative to the comprehensive criteria and indicators on sustainable community forestry-, we propose an approach based on the core policy objectives of the program. In fact, community forestry is very much connected to the following three objectives of: 1) alleviating the poverty of forest users, 2) empowering them, and 3) improving the condition of the forests. Based on field tests in two community forests in Indonesia, the focus on the core policy objectives appears to provide a more practical approach than the use of complex criteria and indicators. We conclude that our approach allows rapid evaluations and eventually reduces the associated costs and time without compromising the goals of the evaluation.  相似文献   

Landscape contrast: a solution to hidden assumptions in the metacommunity concept?     

Shekhar R. Biswas  Helene H. Wagner 《Landscape Ecology》2012,27(5):621-631

The metacommunity concept provides a spatial perspective on community dynamics, and the landscape provides the physical template for a metacommunity. Several aspects of landscape heterogeneity, such as landscape diversity and composition, and characteristics of the matrix between habitat patches such as habitat connectivity, and geometry of habitat patches, may moderate metacommunity processes. These aspects of landscape heterogeneity are rarely considered explicitly in the metacommunity discussion, however. We propose landscape contrast (i.e., the average dissimilarity in habitat quality between neighboring patches) as a key dimension of landscape heterogeneity. The concept of landscape contrast unifies discrete and continuous landscape representations (homogeneous, gradient, mosaic and binary) and offers a means to integrate landscape heterogeneity in the metacommunity concept. Landscape contrast as perceived by the organisms affects several fundamental metacommunity processes and may thus constrain which metacommunity models may be observed. In a review of empirical metacommunity studies (n = 123), only 22 % of studies were explicit about their underlying landscape model assumptions, with striking differences among taxonomic groups. The assumed landscape model constrained, but did not determine, metacommunity models. Integration and explicit investigation of landscape contrast effects in metacommunity studies are likely to advance ecological theory and facilitate its application to real-world conservation problems.  相似文献   

Diagnostic frequency, response to therapy, and long-term prognosis among horses and ponies with pituitary par intermedia dysfunction, 1993-2004     

Rohrbach BW  Stafford JR  Clermont RS  Reed SM  Schott HC  Andrews FM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(4):1027-1034

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Effects of early experience on food acceptance in a colony of adult research cats: A preliminary study     

Beth A. Hamper  Barton Rohrbach  Claudia A. Kirk  Angela Lusby  Joe Bartges 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(1):27-32

Acceptance of feline commercial canned and raw-type moist foods was evaluated in 18 adult cats with and without dietary pre-exposure to the same moist foods in the postweaning period. We hypothesized that cats pre-exposed to moist foods would readily accept canned or raw foods on re-exposure as adults, despite consuming a commercial expanded dry food for a period of 7-23 months. A total of 13 cats were fed 1 of 3 moist foods (commercial canned, commercial raw, or homemade raw foods) exclusively between 9 and 20 weeks of age (exposed), and 5 adult cats were offered only dry food during the postweaning period (unexposed). All 18 cats were offered 1 of 3 moist foods as adults. The relative risk, confidence intervals, and P values were determined for weight maintenance and food intake between the exposed and nonexposed cats when they were fed moist foods as adults. Moist food acceptance was generally poor when offered to adult cats accustomed to eating an expanded dry diet for >7 months. There was no difference (P = 0.61) in weight maintenance between those cats fed a moist food or expanded dry food as kittens and the later acceptance of a commercial canned or raw-type moist food as an adult. Similarly, adequacy of food intake measured as a proportion of estimated resting energy expenditure was not different between groups. The shorter the duration of dry food feeding, the greater was the likelihood of weight maintenance on reintroduction of moist foods. Kittens fed canned foods showed greater adaptability and acceptance of both raw and canned foods than those pre-exposed to either of the raw foods.In conclusion, prefeeding kittens a raw or canned food during the postweaning period between 9 and 20 weeks of age, followed by a period of dry foods for >7 months, did not increase later acceptance of the foods as an adult as compared with feeding expanded dry foods alone. Further studies with larger numbers of cats are needed to verify these observations and determine statistical significance.  相似文献