Impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) wilt disease induced by Colletotrichum cf. gloeosporioides     

Richter  Jana  Baltruschat  Helmut  Kabrodt  Kathrin  Schellenberg  Ingo 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2011,118(3-4):109-118

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The importance of herbal plants is evident in the prevalent use as flavoring ingredients in food. However, meeting the growing demand for organic grown...  相似文献   

Spatial variation of tracer distribution in a structured clay field soil     

Sylvia Koszinski  Virgil Quisenberry  Helmut Rogasik  Ole Wendroth 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2006,169(1):25-37

Within the sensitive soils of the River Oder Basin (E Brandenburg, Germany), chloride‐tracer transport was studied with respect to soil‐surface conditions of the well structured clayey topsoil (disturbed vs. undisturbed) and irrigation mode (flooding vs. sprinkling). The spatial variation of chloride and dye distribution was sampled in a regular grid within different soil depths. Different methods were used for the analysis of spatial heterogeneity: a heterogeneity index HI derived from fitting parameters of the cumulative distribution function, semivariogram analyses to identify the spatial representativity of observations and to classify the spatial variation, and Spearman's rank correlations to examine the spatial similarity of tracer distribution across different soil depths. Soil aggregation was obvious throughout the soil profile, and macropores and fractures were preferred flow paths for the tracer. Flood irrigation resulted in more “uniform” distribution than sprinkling did. However, preferential flow was identified for all treatments, where, once established below the surface layer, flow paths led to heterogeneity indices manifesting nonuniform flow and reduced lateral mixing between macropores and soil matrix. Within the flooded plot, spatial structure of chloride concentration was moderate unlike the strongly structured variation within the sprinkled plots. For purposes to generalize and to assess regional risk of the water and solute transport within the topsoil of the River Oder Basin, spatial autocorrelation ranges of about 15 cm should be considered and included into concepts of soil protection and land‐use management, soil‐sampling strategies, or modeling approaches.  相似文献   

Dietary behaviour of German adults differing in levels of sport activity     

Beitz R  Mensink GB  Henschel Y  Fischer B  Erbersdobler HF 《Public health nutrition》2004,7(1):45-52

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Somaclonal variation in tuber traits of potato     

Ramona Thieme  Helmut Griess 《Potato Research》2005,48(3-4):153-165

Summary About 13,000 somaclones of 17 cultivars and clones of potato were obtained from in vitro callus cultures and individually planted in a greenhouse, followed by tuber generations grown in the field. These plants were subjected to the multistage selection procedure commonly used in potato breeding. Over a period of five years and three field generations the tuber number, size, shape, eye depth, starch content, starch yield and tuber appearance of these somaclones were assessed and compared with that of the controls. These characters varied depending on donor genotype and trait. The frequency of variants was assessed and there were acceptable proportions of desirable abberrants and invariants among the somaclones. Depending on trait the average gain rate for all donor genotypes ranged between 0.2 and 2.3% for-deviants, between 12.2 and 15.5% for invariants and between 0.1–1.4% for +deviants. It is concluded that this technique should be used into potato breeding programmes to improve commercially important characteristics of specific cultivars and breeding clones.  相似文献   

Isolierung von Jurubin,Neochlorogenin und Paniculogenin ausSolanum torvum SwartzSolanum-Alkaloide,LXXXIV. Mitteilung     

Klaus Schreiber  Helmut Ripperger 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1967,15(1):199-204

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Comparison of follicular and oocyte development and reproductive hormone secretion during the ovulatory period in Hungarian native breed, Mangalica, and Landrace gilts     

Rátky J  Brüssow KP  Egerszegi I  Torner H  Schneider F  Solti L  Manabe N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2005,51(4):427-432

Only a very small amount of physiological data is available about the low fertility (mean litter size is 5.7+/-0.8) of Hungarian native breed, Mangalica (M), sows. The aim of the present paper is to reveal the differences in preovulatory follicle development and intrafollicular oocyte maturation between M and Landrace (L) gilts, with special reference to the peri- and postovulatory secretion and peripheral concentrations of estradiol-17beta (E2), progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH). The number of preovulatory follicles was 6.8+/-1.4 and 19.6+/-6.6 in M and L gilts, respectively. A lower degree of cumulus expansion and a lower percentage of mature oocytes (TI/M II) was noted in M. Higher LH and E2 peak levels, a longer E2 to LH peak interval, and lower embryo survival was confirmed. Interestingly, despite the lower number of corpora lutea, a higher peripheral blood level of P4 was shown in M than in L gilts. Both diminished follicular development and protracted oocyte maturation may be involved in low fecundity in M, and the present findings may explain these reproductive phenomena.  相似文献   

The application of sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations in public aquariums to promote coral reef conservation — SECORE Project     

Dirk Petersen  Michaël Laterveer  David Van Bergen  Masayuki Hatta  Rolf Hebbinghaus  Max Janse  Rachel Jones  Uwe Richter  Thomas Ziegler  Gerard Visser  Helmut Schuhmacher 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2006,16(2):167-179

• 1. SECORE (SExual COral REproduction) Project is an initiative of public aquariums and research institutions to produce and exchange sexual coral recruits for the sustainable management of ex situ populations. Here we present the results of the initial three years (2002–2004).
• 2. Primary polyps (n=501) of corals (Acropora tenuis, Agaricia humilis, Favia fragum) were transported from Rotterdam Zoo to Cologne, Burgers', Hagenbeck and London Zoos, where development of juveniles was monitored for 10 months. All polyps were produced at Rotterdam Zoo from laboratory colonies (A. humilis, F. fragum), and from larvae generated from field collected gametes at Akajima, Okinawa, Japan (A. tenuis). Additionally, planulae of A. tenuis (n=1440) were transported from Rotterdam Zoo to Burgers' Zoo and to London Zoo to obtain primary polyps.
• 3. Larval settlement (A. tenuis) was observed to be 3.00 ± 2.57% (mean ± SD; n=1480) in 2002 and 17.36 ± 6.01% (mean ± SD; n=1480) in 2003, significantly lower compared to settlement at Rotterdam Zoo (57.84 ± 11.01% in 2003; mean ± SD, n=1480). High post‐transport survival rates of 95.18 ± 4.86% (mean ± SD; n=501) were observed in primary polyps of all species.
• 4. Juvenile survival (t=10 months; A. tenuis: 18.4–86.2%; A. humilis: 0–19.7%; F. fragum: 13.3–72.7%) differed significantly between institutions. Mean colony sizes (measured 10 months after transportation) were, in all cases, similar or higher to those reported from literature.
• 5. The results demonstrate the potential of this method to serve as an economical and sustainable alternative to existing mostly exploitative techniques for aquarium stocking. The use of sexual recruits provides an effective and low cost alternative, which is, in principle, applicable to all coral species.
• 6. The project was extended from 9 to 28 institutions across Europe, the USA and Japan in 2004.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Wind effects on trees     

Dirk Schindler  Jürgen Bauhus  Helmut Mayer 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(1):159-163

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Antioxidant effectiveness of phenolic apple juice extracts and their gut fermentation products in the human colon carcinoma cell line caco-2     

Bellion P  Hofmann T  Pool-Zobel BL  Will F  Dietrich H  Knaup B  Richling E  Baum M  Eisenbrand G  Janzowski C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6310-6317

Apples represent a major dietary source of antioxidative polyphenols. Their metabolic conversion by the gut microflora might generate products that protect the intestine against oxidative damage. We studied the antioxidant effectiveness of supernatants of fermented apple juice extracts (F-AEs, 6 and 24 h fermentation) and of selected phenolic degradation products, identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. Cell free antioxidant capacity of unfermented apple juice extracts (AEs) was decreased after fermentation by 30-50%. In the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2, F-AEs (containing <0.5% of original AE-phenolics) decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level more efficiently than the F-blank (fermented without AE) but were less effective than the respective AEs. Similarly, antioxidant effectiveness of individual degradation products was lower compared to respective AE constituents. Glutathione level was slightly increased and oxidative DNA damage slightly decreased by fermented AE03, rich in quercetin glycosides. In conclusion, F-AEs/degradation products exhibit antioxidant activity in colon cells but to a lesser extent than the respective unfermented AEs/constituents.  相似文献   

Attractiveness of host banana leaf materials to the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus in Ghana for development of field management strategies     

Samson A Abagale  Christine M Woodcock  Keith Chamberlain  Samuel Osafo‐Acquaah  Helmut van Emden  Michael A Birkett  John A Pickett  Haruna Braimah 《Pest management science》2019,75(2):549-555

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