Surgical repair of femoral neck fractures in two dogs and a calf     

G B Smyth  P Hatch  T A Mason 《The Veterinary record》1979,105(11):248-251

The surgical techniques employed in the repair of femoral neck fractures in two dogs and a Charolais calf are described. All the fractures were extracapsular; one of the dogs also had a fractured femoral diaphysis. For both dogs, exposure of the femoral neck was made from a dorsal approach after removal of the greater trochanter, while for the calf, a gluteal transection technique was used. All the fractures were successfully fixed using cortical screws, and in the case of the femoral diaphysis, a vitallium plate was used. All the animals were walking with minimal lameness eight weeks after surgery.  相似文献   

ISOLATION OF THE SEROTYPE LEPTOSPIRA ICTEROH AEMORRHAGIAE FROM A DOG     

R. W. Mason  B.V.Sc. A. Corbould  B.Agric.Sci. 《Australian veterinary journal》1970,46(9):463-463

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Ultrasonics     

Mason WP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,152(3726):1286-1287

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Serial transfer of a transplantable tumor: implications for Marek's vaccine mechanisms     

Hunt HD  Dunn JR 《Avian diseases》2011,55(2):293-301

The mechanism of Marek's disease (MD) vaccination to prevent the lymphoproliferative disease in chickens is not well understood. It is generally recognized that vaccination prevents disease, including the induction of T-cell tumors, but it does not prevent the pathogenic virus from infecting and replicating in the vaccinated host, nor does it prevent bird to bird spread of the oncogenic virus. The stage at which the vaccinated immune system intervenes in the process from infection to the induction of tumors remains obscure. Using a transplantable tumor induced by the Md5 strain of MD virus (MDV), we show that CVI988 vaccination does not prevent the induction of transplantable tumors in the 15I(5) x 7(1) chicken line. A monoclonal tumor with a V beta 1 T-cell receptor spectratype of 207 base pairs was used to follow the transplantable tumor in serial passages in vivo. This transplantable tumor could be passed in vaccinated birds. The length of time between vaccination and challenge (5 to 12 days) had little or no influence on the ability to transfer the tumor. There was variability in the manifestation of the disease produced by the transplanted tumor. Some chickens presented as normal but were still capable of transmitting the transplanted tumor to newly vaccinated recipients via their blood. This indicates that some chickens can control, but not eliminate, the tumor. The variables inducing health or disease in the challenged chickens remain obscure, but environmental or other factors likely depress the immune system allowing the tumor to overwhelm the immune system.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Clostridium difficile in horses     

Medina-Torres CE  Weese JS  Staempfli HR 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,152(1-2):212-215

Fecal samples were collected to establish the apparent prevalence of Clostridium difficile shedding in Standardbred and Thoroughbred racehorses housed at 4 racetracks and 2 breeding facilities, and in horses admitted to a referral large animal clinic. Forty-one (7.59%) of 540 racetrack horses, seven (5.83%) of 120 breeding farm horses, and four (4.88%) out of 82 horses admitted to the referral clinic were culture-positive for C. difficile. An overall fecal culture prevalence of 7.01% for C. difficile was identified in 742 fecal samples. PCR-ribotyping and toxin gene identification was performed and seventeen 17 PCR-ribotypes were identified among the 52 C. difficile isolates.  相似文献   

Evaluation of satraplatin in dogs with spontaneously occurring malignant tumors     

Selting KA  Wang X  Gustafson DL  Henry CJ  Villamil JA  McCaw DL  Tate D  Beittenmiller M  Garnett C  Robertson JD 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2011,25(4):909-915

Background: Satraplatin is the 1st orally bioavailable platinum anticancer drug. Objective: Our objectives were to evaluate efficacy in vitro against a canine cancer cell line, to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of satraplatin in tumor‐bearing dogs, to identify the dose‐limiting and other toxicities in dogs, and to record pharmacokinetics (PK). Animals: Dogs with macro‐ or microscopic malignant neoplasia. Methods: D17 canine osteosarcoma cells first were evaluated in a clonogenic survival assay. Then, dogs with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasia were prospectively entered in standard 3 + 3 cohorts. Additional patients were entered at the MTD to assess efficacy. Total and free platinum (by ultrafiltrate) concentrations were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results: Satraplatin inhibited clonogenic survival in vitro at clinically relevant and achievable concentrations. Twenty‐three dogs were treated, 14 with PK evaluation. The MTD was 35 mg/m²/d for 5 days, repeated every 3–4 weeks. Bioavailability was 41%. PK variables (mean ± SD) at the MTD included T_max 1.8 (± 0.7) hours, C_max 72 (± 26) ng/mL, area under concentration (AUC)_{0–24 h} 316 (± 63) h × ng/mL, and MRT 7 (± 1.3) hours. Higher AUC after the 5th versus the 1st dose suggested drug accumulation. Interestingly, platelets consistently reached nadir sooner than did neutrophils (day 14 versus 19). Myelosuppression was dose‐limiting and gastrointestinal toxicity was mild. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Satraplatin was well tolerated in tumor‐bearing dogs, thus warranting further investigation in a phase II trial.  相似文献   

High allergen-specific serum immunoglobulin E levels in nonatopic West Highland white terriers     

Roque JB  O'Leary CA  Kyaw-Tanner M  Latter M  Mason K  Shipstone M  Vogelnest L  Duffy D 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(3):257-266

Human and canine atopic dermatitis (AD) share an association with IgE specific to environmental allergens, but few studies have evaluated serum allergen‐specific IgE in nonatopic dogs. This study compared serum allergen‐specific IgE levels in 30 atopic and 18 nonatopic West Highland white terriers. Atopic dermatitis was confirmed using standard criteria. Nonatopic dogs were over 5 years of age and had no clinical signs or history of AD. Serum allergen‐specific IgE levels were measured with Allercept^® IgE ELISAs using a 48‐allergen Australian panel. Positive reactions were defined as ≥150 ELISA absorbance units. Intradermal tests were performed in 16 atopic dogs, either at the time of or at various times prior to serum collection. In atopic dogs, the most common positive ELISA and intradermal test results were to Dermatophagoides farinae (11 of 30 dogs), but there were no statistically significant correlations between results from the two methods for any allergen. In nonatopic dogs, multiple high‐positive ELISA reactions were reported to 45 of 48 allergens, most commonly D. farinae and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (17 of 18 dogs each). Positive ELISA results in nonatopic dogs were statistically significantly higher than those in atopic dogs for 44 of 48 allergens, including two allergens (D. farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) commonly regarded as significant in canine AD. In conclusion, positive allergen‐specific IgE ELISAs were not specific for canine AD, and high allergen‐specific IgE levels were seen in nonatopic dogs. The clinical significance of this and whether it characterizes a protective phenotype is unclear.  相似文献   

Dinosaur body temperatures determined from isotopic (¹³C-¹⁸O) ordering in fossil biominerals     

Eagle RA  Tütken T  Martin TS  Tripati AK  Fricke HC  Connely M  Cifelli RL  Eiler JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6041):443-445

The nature of the physiology and thermal regulation of the nonavian dinosaurs is the subject of debate. Previously, arguments have been made for both endothermic and ectothermic metabolisms on the basis of differing methodologies. We used clumped isotope thermometry to determine body temperatures from the fossilized teeth of large Jurassic sauropods. Our data indicate body temperatures of 36° to 38°C, which are similar to those of most modern mammals. This temperature range is 4° to 7°C lower than predicted by a model that showed scaling of dinosaur body temperature with mass, which could indicate that sauropods had mechanisms to prevent excessively high body temperatures being reached because of their gigantic size.  相似文献   

Potential for eradication of the exotic plant pathogens Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum during composting     

J. Blackburn  G. Thorp  A. Dobrovin‐Pennington  S. Pietravalle  G. Kerins  T. R. Allnutt  C. M. Henry 《Plant pathology》2011,60(6):1077-1085

Temperature and exposure time effects on Phytophthora kernoviae and Phytophthora ramorum viability were examined in flasks of compost and in a large‐scale composting system containing plant waste. Cellophane, rhododendron leaf and peat‐based inoculum of P. kernoviae and P. ramorum isolates were used in flasks; naturally infected leaves were inserted into a large‐scale system. Exposures of 5 and 10 days respectively at a mean temperature of 35°C in flask and large‐scale composts reduced P. kernoviae and P. ramorum inocula to below detection limits using semi‐selective culturing. Although P. ramorum was undetectable after a 1‐day exposure of inoculum to compost at 40°C in flasks, it survived on leaves exposed to a mean temperature of 40·9°C for 5 days in a large‐scale composting system. No survival of P. ramorum was detected after exposure of infected leaves for 5 days to a mean temperature of ≥41·9°C (32·8°C for P. kernoviae) or for 10 days at ≥31·8°C (25·9°C for Phytophthora pseudosyringae on infected bilberry stems) in large‐scale systems. Fitted survival probabilities of P. ramorum on infected leaves exposed in a large‐scale system for 5 days at 45°C or for 10 days at 35°C were <3%, for an average initial infection level of leaves of 59·2%. RNA quantification to measure viability was shown to be unreliable in environments that favour RNA preservation: high levels of ITS1 RNA were recovered from P. kernoviae‐ and P. ramorum‐infected leaves exposed to composting plant wastes at >53°C, when all culture results were negative.  相似文献   

Partitioning the contributions of biochar properties to enhanced biological nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)     

David T. Güereña  Johannes Lehmann  Janice E. Thies  Akio Enders  Nancy Karanja  Henry Neufeldt 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(4):479-491

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