Duration of effect and effect of multiple doses of topical ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride in clinically normal dogs     

Herring IP  Bobofchak MA  Landry MP  Ward DL 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(1):77-80

OBJECTIVE: To determine the duration of effect and the effect of multiple doses of topical ophthalmic application of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride on corneal sensitivity in clinically normal dogs. ANIMALS: 8 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly allocated to treatment order in a 2 x 2 (period X treatment) crossover study. Treatments consisted of topical application of ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine (1 drop or 2 drops at a 1-minute interval); treatments were applied to both eyes. A Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer was used to determine corneal touch threshold (CTT) before corneal application, 1 and 5 minutes after corneal application, and at 5-minute intervals thereafter for 90 minutes. RESULTS: The CTT value before treatment differed significantly from CTT values after treatment until 45 minutes after application in the 1-drop group and until 55 minutes after application in the 2-drop group. As determined by use of the Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, a significantly greater anesthetic effect was detected for the 2-drop treatment, compared with the effect for the 1-drop treatment, at 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 minutes after application. Maximal anesthetic effect lasted for 15 minutes for the 1-drop treatment and 25 minutes for the 2-drop treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Duration of corneal anesthetic effect induced by topical ophthalmic application of 0.5% proparacaine in dogs of this study is considerably longer than that reported elsewhere. Serial application of doses of 0.5% proparacaine increases the duration and magnitude of corneal anesthetic effects.  相似文献   

Study of codes of disposal at different parities of Large White sows using a linear censored model     

Arango J  Misztal I  Tsuruta S  Culbertson M  Herring W 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(9):2052-2057

To study the genetic relationship between three grouped reasons for sow removal (SR) in consecutive parities, accounting for censoring, 13,838 records from Large White sows were analyzed. Data were from seven pure-line farms having, on average, 5.9% unknown SR. Three traits were subjectively defined, each corresponding to a classification of SR (reproductive [RR], nonreproductive [RN], and others [RO]). Records for each trait could take one of five categories, according to parity at removal (0 to 4 or later). A multivariate linear censored model was implemented. The model to estimate (co)variance components and parameters included the effects of year-season, region, contemporary group, and additive genetic effects. The most common SR was related to reproduction (48.5%). Diseases of different origin and cause, old age/parity, and sow death or loss accounted for about 18, 7, and 4% of total culls, respectively. Estimates of variance components showed heterogeneity of additive genetic and residual variances for the three traits. Estimates of heritability were 0.18, 0.13, and 0.15 for RR, RN, and RO, respectively. Genetic correlations between removal codes were high (> or =0.90). Results suggest sizeable additive genetic variances exist for parity at removal and different codes of removal. Different SR reasons seem to operate similarly or as a closely related genetic trait associated with fitness. In particular, RN and RO seem to be genetically indistinguishable. Data structure, definition, and volume are major limitations in studies of sow survival. A multiple-trait censored model is preferred to evaluate reasons of sow disposal. Grouped removal causes seem to be strongly genetically correlated but with heterogeneous variances, suggesting that combining all removal causes and treating the trait as parity at disposal is an alternative approach.  相似文献   

Isolation of bovine virus diarrhoea virus from a Scottish red deer     

P F Nettleton  J A Herring  W Corrigall 《The Veterinary record》1980,107(18):425-426

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Abdominal ultrasound: theory and practice     

D S Herring 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1986,1(2):102-107

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TWO-DIMENSIONAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN THE NORMAL CAT     

Eric  DeMadron  DVM  John D.  Bonagura  DVM  MS  David S.  Herring  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1985,26(5):149-158

Two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and M-mode echocardiography were used to image the heart of 13 clinically healthy cats. Seven awake cats and six cats tranquilized with a combination of acetylpromazine and ketamine were studied. Six cats were studied by 2DE on 3 consecutive days to assess repeatability of the study. Long-axis and short-axis echocardiographic tomograms were obtained from the right parasternal location, and these images were used to determine internal cardiac dimensions, ventricular and septal wall thicknesses, repeatability of the study, and interobserver variability. Some but not all parameters were significantly (P < 0.05) related to body weight. Significant correlations (P <0.05) were found between measurements obtained by long-axis and by short-axis image planes. Comparison of parameters measured by 2DE and M-mode echocardiography demonstrated minimal differences between mean values. Repeatability of the 2DE study was good with 14 of 16 parameters having a mean percent error less than 10%. Interobserver variability was acceptable for some but not all parameters. The study indicates that repeatable 2DE tomograms can be obtained in the cat and that quantitation of cardiac anatomy is possible with this imaging technique.  相似文献   

Ophthalmic examination findings in a colony of Screech owls (Megascops asio)   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Harris MC  Schorling JJ  Herring IP  Elvinger F  Bright PR  Pickett JP 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(3):186-192

Objective To report ophthalmic findings in the Screech owl (Megascops asio). Sample population Twenty‐three, apparently healthy adult captive Screech owls in Maryland. Procedures OU of all owls underwent complete ophthalmic examination. One randomly assigned eye of each bird was measured by phenol red thread tear test (PRT), and the other eye by Schirmer tear test (STT). TonoVet^® rebound tonometry and TonoPen‐XL^® applanation tonometry were performed in each eye to measure IOP. Conjunctival swabs were cultured from one eye of 10 birds, corneal diameter was measured in OU of eight birds, and streak retinoscopy was performed on OU of seven birds. Ten birds were anesthetized, and A‐scan ultrasonography using a 15‐MHz probe was performed to obtain axial intraocular measurements. Results Ophthalmic abnormalities were noted in 24/46 (52%) of eyes. Median STT result was ≤ 2 mm/min, ranging ≤ 2–6 mm/min, and mean ± SD PRT was 15 ± 4.3 mm/15 s. Mean ± SD IOP were 9 ± 1.8 mmHg TonoVet^®‐P, 14 ± 2.4 mmHg TonoVet^®‐D, and 11 ± 1.9 mmHg TonoPen‐XL^®. Coagulase negative staphylococcal organisms were cultured from all conjunctival swabs. Mean ± SD corneal dimensions were 14.5 ± 0.5 mm vertically and 15.25 ± 0.5 mm horizontally. All refracted birds were within one diopter of emmetropia. Mean ± SD axial distance from the cornea to the anterior lens capsule was 4.03 ± 0.3 mm, from cornea to the posterior lens capsule was 10.8 ± 0.5 mm, and from cornea to sclera was 20.33 ± 0.6 mm. Conclusions This study reports ophthalmic examination findings in Screech owls, and provide means and ranges for various ocular measurements. This is the first report of rebound tonometry and PRT in owls.  相似文献   

Genetic study of individual preweaning mortality and birth weight in Large White piglets using threshold-linear models     

J. Arango  I. Misztal  S. Tsuruta  M. Culbertson  J.W. Holl  W. Herring 《Livestock Science》2006,101(1-3):208-218

Individual records from 49,788 Large White piglets were used to evaluate preweaning mortality and its relationship with birth weight (BW). Preweaning mortality included farrowing mortality (TM) was also divided into stillbirth (SB), early (EM), late (LM) and total (ELM) preweaning mortality. Farrowing mortality was also studied as a sow's trait as number of piglets born dead (NBD). Threshold-linear models were used via MCMC. Traits included (1) TM-BW, (2) SB-ELM-BW, (3) SB-EM-LM and (4) NBD-ELM-BW. Model for BW included parity number, litter size, sex, contemporary group (farm-farrowing year-month), litter, and direct and maternal additive genetic effects. For mortality traits, litter effect was of the nursing litter for cross-fostered piglets (4.9%). Models for SB (2, 3) and NBD (4) excluded the effect of sex. In Model 3, BW was fitted as covariable for EM and LM. Estimates of direct and maternal heritability for BW were 0.03–0.06 and 0.14–0.19; and for mortality traits 0.03–0.12 and 0.08–0.12. Direct-maternal correlations were negative for all traits. Genetic correlations between all mortality traits were positive. Results confirmed the importance of BW for the genetic evaluation of piglet mortality. Early mortality is a good candidate for improvement of TM because of larger heritability and high genetic correlations with other mortality traits. It is most efficient to treat SB at sow level and preweaning mortality at the piglet level.  相似文献   

Presumed and confirmed striatocapsular brain infarctions in six dogs     

Rossmeisl JH  Rohleder JJ  Pickett JP  Duncan R  Herring IP 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2007,10(1):23-36

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and diagnostic features of the canine sensorimotor syndrome caused by striatocapsular brain infarctions (SCI). ANIMALS STUDIED: Six dogs with diagnostic imaging or postmortem evidence of SCI. PROCEDURES: Medical records of dogs with SCI were retrospectively reviewed and the signalment, history, clinical signs, antemortem clinicopathologic test results, diagnostic imaging findings, case outcomes, and pathologic findings recorded. RESULTS: All dogs had an acute onset of nonprogressive homonymous visual field deficits and contralateral general proprioceptive (GP) deficits. Contralateral hemiparesis and facial hypalgesia were noted in 5/6 dogs. CT scans were normal in 2/4 dogs, and revealed poorly defined hypoattenuating lesions in the subcortical white matter in two dogs. MRI exams were performed in 5/6 dogs and revealed unilateral, variably sized, striatocapsular lesions consistent with nonhemorrhagic infarctions. Diagnostic imaging (6/6) and postmortem examinations (2/6) suggested that SCI resulted from lesions in the vascular territories of the rostral choriodal (6/6) and lenticulostriate arteries (2/6). Diseases predisposing to infarction were not identified in 5/6 dogs. Improvements in mentation, behavior, proprioceptive deficits, and hemiparesis were seen in surviving dogs, but persistent, symptomatic sensory deficits were noted during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: SCI should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with acute onset, nonprogressive homonymous hemianopia, contralateral GP deficits or hemiparesis, and facial hypalgesia. MRI is the preferred modality for the antemortem imaging diagnosis of SCI. Although partial recovery occurred in all surviving dogs, visual and facial sensory disturbances persisted.  相似文献   

Genetic correlations between two strains of Durocs and crossbreds from differing production environments for slaughter traits     

Zumbach B  Misztal I  Tsuruta S  Holl J  Herring W  Long T 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(4):901-908

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic correlations between 2 purebred Duroc pig populations (P1 and P2) and their terminal crossbreds [C1 = P1 x (Landrace x Large White) and C2 = P2 x (Landrace x Large White)] raised in different production environments. The traits analyzed were backfat (BF), muscle depth (MD), BW at slaughter (WGT), and weight per day of age (WDA). Data sets from P1, P2, C1, and C2 included 26,674, 8,266, 16,806, and 12,350 animals, respectively. Two-trait models (nucleus and commercial crossbreds) for each group included fixed (contemporary group, sex, weight, and age), random additive (animal for P1 and P2 and sire for C1 and C2), random litter, and random dam (C1 and C2 only) effects. Heritability estimates (+/-SE) for BF were 0.46 +/- 0.04, 0.38 +/- 0.02, 0.32 +/- 0.02, and 0.33 +/- 0.02 for P1, P2, C1, and C2, respectively. Heritability estimates for MD were 0.31 +/- 0.01, 0.23 +/- 0.02, 0.19 +/- 0.01, and 0.12 +/- 0.01 for P1, P2, C1, and C2, respectively. The estimates for WGT and WDA were 0.31 +/- 0.01, 0.21 +/- 0.02, 0.16 +/- 0.01, and 0.18 +/- 0.01 and 0.32 +/- 0.01, 0.22 +/- 0.02, 0.16 +/- 0.01, and 0.19 +/- 0.01, respectively. Genetic correlations between purebreds and crossbreds for BF were 0.83 +/- 0.09 (P1 x C1) and 0.89 +/- 0.05 (P2 x C2), for MD 0.78 +/- 0.05 (P1 x C1) and 0.80 +/- 0.08 (P2 x C2). For WGT and WDA, the correlations were 0.53 +/- 0.08 (P1 x C1), 0.80 +/- 0.10 (P2 x C2), and 0.60 +/- 0.07 (P1 x C1) and 0.79 +/- 0.09 (P2 x C2), respectively. (Co)variances in crossbreds were adjusted to a live BW scale. Compared with purebreds, the genetic variances in crossbreds were lower, and the residual variances were greater. Sire variances in crossbreds were approximately 20 to 30% of the animal variances in purebreds for BF and MD but were 13 to 25% for WGT and WDA. The efficiency of purebred selection on crossbreds, assessed by EBV prediction weights, ranged from 0.43 to 0.91 for line 1 and 0.70 to 0.92 for line 2. When nucleus and commercial environments differ substantially, the efficiency of selection varies by line and traits, and selection strategies that include crossbred data from typical production environments may therefore be desirable.  相似文献   

The control of bovine virus diarrhoea virus in Shetland     

Synge BA  Clark AM  Moar JA  Nicolson JT  Nettleton PF  Herring JA 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,64(2-3):223-229

A scheme to control and eradicate bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD) was initiated in 1994 in the Shetland Islands by local veterinary surgeons and funded by the Shetland Islands Council and Shetland Enterprise Company. Over a 3-year period every bovine animal on the islands was blood-sampled (heparinised) and laboratory tested using MAb-based ELISAs for BVD virus antibody and antigen detection for evidence of disease. A number of BVD virus positive animals (40) were found and culled. A total of 6150 animals were tested from 213 herds and 43% herds were found to be BVD naive. The remaining herds had experienced infection and contained many BVD antibody positive animals. Some repeat sampling of stock in infected herds determined further virus positive animals which were slaughtered and in 1997 the scheme ceased since it appeared that there were no persistent excretors present. The major risk to the Shetland Islands is from bought-in stock, especially animals which are imported in calf. It is vital that all bought-in animals are tested and proven to be free of BVD virus if these animals are in calf, the calves must be tested a birth to determine status. It is strongly advised that only bulls and bulling heifers or cows are bought into Shetland in future, thus, protecting the present stock. Continued surveillance will be required to claim eradication of BVD from Shetland.  相似文献