Spatial and seasonal variations in photosynthetic properties within a beech (Fagus crenata Blume) crown     

Hideyuki Saito  Yoshitaka Kakubari 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(1):27-34

The light response curve and the intercellular CO₂ concentration response curve of CO₂ assimilation rate were investigated together with the light conditions at the four different heights within the beech crown from 1995 to 1997 on Mt. Fuji in Japan. On the seasonal fluctuation, the CO₂ assimilation rate at light saturated condition increased rapidly in May, and attained to the maximum between the end of June and July, thereafter, slightly decreased until the middle of August and rapidly decreased in September and October. The daily sum of photosynthetic photon flux density attenuated with deeping within the crown, and particularly, the relative value on 2nd position dropped to only 30%. TheA _max decreased from 10 to 5μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, approximately, with deeping within the crown. The light saturation point, quantum yield, light compensation point and dark respiration rate also varied with deeping. These results suggest that the photosynthetic properties vary gradually from sun to shade leaves along the light attenuation within a beech crown. At light saturated condition, the stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance were strongly correlated withA _max among the four different heights (r > 0.96, respectively). TheC _i/C _a ratio was around 0.8, and there were no remarkable differences among the four different heights. These results suggest that the vertical gradient ofA _max depends on the variation of mesophyll conductance. The stomatal conductance may be also one of the major factor in the vertical gradient ofA _max. However the intercellular CO₂ concentration doesn’t influence the vertical gradient ofA _max within the crown. This work is supported by the Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).  相似文献   

Intraspecific diversity: adaptive differentiation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea mongolica</Emphasis> W. D. Xu ecotypes     

Hideyuki SHIMIZU 《中国林学(英文版)》2011,13(3):189-197

Picea mongolica W. D. Xu is an endemic and endangered species which is only found in semi-arid areas of northern China. It has been widely used as an afforestation tree in the establishment of the Three-North Shelterbelt System for its adaptation to arid soils and as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets for its beautiful shape. Due to different microenvironments, P. mongolica populations may differentiate into many ecological groups with different adaptive abilities. Long-term adaptation to a dry environment makes P. mongolica differentiate into different ecotypes. Typical ecotypes are P. mongolica f. purpurea (Fp), P. mongolica f. rubra (Fr) and P. mongolica f. viridis (Fv). Our results show that cone size is clearly not uniform among different ecotypes; the largest cones are found in the Fv ecotype and the smallest in Fp. There were also distinct differences between these ecotypes in terms of height and length of squama. At the molecular level, the zymograms of peroxidase and lipase prove the existence of different ecotypes in P. mongolica. The results are useful for investigating and managing this rare spruce species in China.  相似文献   

Low genetic variability in an endangered population of fiddler crab <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uca arcuata</Emphasis> on Okinawajima Island: analysis of mitochondrial DNA     

Misuzu Aoki  Tohru Naruse  Jin-Hua Cheng  Yasunari Suzuki  Hideyuki Imai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(2):330-340

ABSTRACT:   Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed on polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA fragments containing the D-loop , ND2 , and CO I genes of fiddler crab Uca arcuata mitochondrial DNA. In total, 316 individuals from six populations in Japan and two populations in Taiwan were analyzed using five restriction endonucleases ( Afa I, Bcn I, Cfr 13I, Hae III and Hin fI), yielding 85 haplotypes. Samples were taken from Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawajima Island, which is the only known distribution of U. arcuata in the Ryukyu Archipelago. The Okinawajima Island population is isolated geographically from others and showed a marked low genetic variability ( h  = 0.2539, π  = 0.0005) and significant differentiation from other population samples in haplotype composition. We suggest that a substantial decrease in the genetic variability of the Okinawajima Island population was caused by genetic drift under the conditions of small population size and low gene flow from other populations. It is important to conserve the intertidal zone in Nakagusuku Bay for the maintenance of this endangered population.  相似文献   

Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics between low‐yield and high‐yield dairy cows in early lactation          下载免费PDF全文

Ahmad Sofyan  Makoto Mitsumori  Hideyuki Ohmori  Yutaka Uyeno  Toshiya Hasunuma  Kiyoshi Akiyama  Hiroshi Yamamoto  Hiroaki Yokokawa  Tsuneko Yamaguchi  Takumi Shinkai  Makoto Hirako  Shiro Kushibiki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(7):974-982

Relationship between rumen fermentation parameters, blood biochemical profiles and milk production traits in different yielding dairy cows during early lactation was investigated. Twelve dairy cows were divided into two groups based on their milk yield, that is low‐yield (LY) and high‐yield (HY) groups. Rumen fluid and blood were collected at 3 weeks prepartum and 4, 8 and 12 weeks postpartum. Results showed that proportions of acetate, propionate to total short chain fatty acids and acetate : propionate ratio were changed (P < 0.05) in both groups during the peripartum period, whereas butyrate and acetate : butyrate ratio were only altered in the HY group. Blood cholesterol, beta‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in the HY group were higher (P < 0.01) than those in the LY group. Principal component analysis revealed that milk yield and milk compositions were differently clustered between groups. These parameters showed similar direction with dry matter intake in the HY group and adverse direction in the LY group. Linear regression analysis indicated that butyrate was positively correlated with BHBA (P < 0.05) in the HY group. This study suggests that cows in the HY group seem to accommodate appropriately to negative energy balance in early lactation through rumen fermentation.  相似文献   

Difructose anhydride III promotes absorption of the soluble flavonoid alphaG-rutin in rats     

Matsumoto M  Matsukawa N  Chiji H  Hara H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(10):4202-4208

A highly soluble quercetin glycoside, alphaG-rutin, is a glucose adduct of insoluble rutin. We examined the effects of difructose anhydride III (DFAIII; di-D-fructofuranosyl 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride) on intestinal absorption of alphaG-rutin by rat experiments. alphaG-rutin, rutin, quercetin, and the quercetin conjugate appeared in the portal blood after an intubation of alphaG-rutin (100 micromol), DFAIII effected higher portal concentrations of alphaG-rutin in portal cannulated rats. In ligated jejunal and ileal loops of rats, alphaG-rutin, rutin, quercetin, and the quercetin conjugate appeared in the intestinal mesenteric blood at both 30 and 60 min in both loops; the concentration of alphaG-rutin was 1.5-3 times higher when absorbed in the presence DFAIII. In the isolated mucosae of the jejunum and ileum, mucosal-to-serosal passage of alphaG-rutin increased with the addition of 100 micromol of DFAIII. These results indicate that alphaG-rutin is absorbed as the intact form and that DFAIII stimulates its absorption in the small intestine.  相似文献   

Development of a neurosurgical operating table for adult cattle and changes in intracranial pressure and blood pressure in adult cattle undergoing long-time isoflurane anesthesia     

Arai S  Yoshioka K  Suzuki C  Takahashi H  Itoh T  Nakano S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(4):337-343

We developed a neurosurgical operating table for restraining adult cattle in the sternal recumbent position during long-time inhalation anesthesia, and examined intracranial pressure (ICP), blood pressure and blood gases during isoflurane anesthesia. We confirmed that the maintenance of inhalation anesthesia, the restraint of cattle in the sternal recumbent position and bringing the cattle out of anesthesia could all be carried out safely using the operating table we produced. For the purposes of the present experiment, the cattle were divided into 2 groups: the SR group, which underwent sternal recumbency for 8 hr under isoflurane anesthesia using the neurosurgical operating table, and the RR group, which underwent right lateral recumbency for 3 hr under isoflurane anesthesia on a standard operating table. The mean ICP was found to be significantly lower in the SR group than in the RR group during anesthesia, and PaO2 was significantly higher in the SR group. In the SR group, no complications such as regurgitation or ruminal tympany occurred for 8 hr after the induction of anesthesia, and recovery from anesthesia was uneventful. In contrast, all RR cattle showed ruminal tympany and regurgitated ruminal fluid at 3 hr after the induction of anesthesia. Thus, the neurosurgical operating table developed in the present study may be useful for long-time anesthesia and neurosurgery of adult cattle.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus isolated from gizzard erosions to immuno-suppressed chickens     

Muroga N  Taharaguchi S  Ohta H  Yamazaki K  Takase K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(3):289-291

Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus (FAV), JM1/1 strain of serotype 1 derived from gizzard erosions of a broiler chicken, was examined to specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens pre-treated with infectious bursal disease viruses (IBDVs) or cyclophosphamide (CY). Virulent IBDVs, classical type, were inoculated orally at 3 days of age of SPF chickens. CY was treated subcutaneously for 3 days after hatch. FAV was given orally at 30 days of age. At 40 days of age, all chickens were bled and autopsied for serology and gross observation. Gizzard lesions were ranked by the scores depending on their severities. IBDV- or CY-treated chickens showed significantly higher gizzard lesion scores than non treated birds. There were no gross lesions in any other organs except for bursal atrophy. Serologically, antibody production against FAV was highly suppressed by IBDV infection or CY treatment.  相似文献   

Effects of ingested turmeric oleoresin on glucose and lipid metabolisms in obese diabetic mice: a DNA microarray study     

Honda S  Aoki F  Tanaka H  Kishida H  Nishiyama T  Okada S  Matsumoto I  Abe K  Mae T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(24):9055-9062

Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. Turmeric oleoresin, an extract of turmeric, is often used for flavoring and coloring. Curcuminoids and turmeric essential oil are both contained in turmeric oleoresin, and both of these fractions have hypoglycemic effects. In the present study, we comprehensively assessed the effect of turmeric oleoresin on hepatic gene expression in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice using DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Female KK-Ay mice aged 6 weeks (n = 6/group) were fed a high-fat diet containing turmeric oleoresin, curcuminoids, and essential oil for 5 weeks. The same diet without any of these fractions was used as a control diet. Ingestion of turmeric oleoresin and essential oil inhibited the development of increased blood glucose and abdominal fat mass, while curcuminoids only inhibited the increase in blood glucose. DNA microarray analysis indicated that turmeric oleoresin ingestion up-regulated the expression of genes related to glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver of KK-Ay mice, while expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes was down-regulated. Real-time PCR analysis was conducted to assess the contribution of the curcuminoids and essential oil in turmeric oleoresin to the changes in expression of representative genes selected by DNA microarray analysis. This analysis suggested that curcuminoids regulated turmeric oleoresin ingestion-induced expression of glycolysis-related genes and also that curcuminoids and turmeric essential oil acted synergistically to regulate the peroxisomal beta-oxidation-related gene expression induced by turmeric oleoresin ingestion. These changes in gene expression were considered to be the mechanism by which the turmeric oleoresin affected the control of both blood glucose levels and abdominal adipose tissue masses. All of these results suggest that the use of whole turmeric oleoresin is more effective than the use of either curcuminoids or the essential oil alone.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the prognostic significance of BCL6 gene expression in canine high-grade B-cell lymphoma     

Sato M  Kanemoto H  Kagawa Y  Kobayashi T  Goto-Koshino Y  Mochizuki H  Takahashi M  Fujino Y  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(1):108-114

The clinical usefulness of BCL6 gene expression was evaluated as a prognostic indicator in dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Forty-four dogs were diagnosed with centroblastic or B-cell immunoblastic type lymphoma according to the updated Kiel classification. BCL6 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR and its relationship with prognosis was analyzed. Progression-free and overall survival was not significantly different between the high BCL6 expression group (higher than the median) and the low BCL6 expression group (lower than the median) (P=0.99 and P=0.61, respectively). No correlation between BCL6 and prognosis was observed in this study, which is inconsistent with findings reported for human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BCL6 protein expression was not detected in the 11 dogs evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, BCL6 protein expression was assessed in 13 archived paraffin-embedded high-grade canine lymphoma tissues and all were also negative. The results suggest that most canine high-grade B-cell lymphomas correspond to human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with no immunohistochemical expression of BCL6.  相似文献   

Characterization of triple-phase computed tomography in dogs with pancreatic insulinoma     

Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA  Reina FUJIWARA  Kie YAMAMOTO  Hideyuki KANEMOTO  Koichi OHNO  Masaya TSUBOI  Kazuyuki UCHIDA  Naoaki MATSUKI  Ryohei NISHIMURA  Hajime TSUJIMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1549-1553

Little information is available regarding triple-phase computed tomography (CT) of canine pancreatic insulinoma. A few case reports with small numbers of cases have indicated that hyper-attenuation in the arterial phase was a common finding on multi-phasic CT in dogs with insulinoma. Our purpose was to clarify the characteristic findings of dogs with insulinoma on triple-phase CT. Nine dogs with insulinoma that underwent triple-phase CT were included in the present study. Attenuation patterns in the arterial phase indicated hypo-attenuation in 4 cases and hyper-attenuation in 2 cases. In the remaining 3 cases, 1 case showed hypo-attenuation and 1 case showed hyper-attenuation in the pancreatic phase, and 1 case presented hyper-attenuation in the later phase. Altogether, 5 cases showed hypo and 4 cases showed hyper-attenuation in at least one phase. The enhancement pattern was homogenous in 7 cases and heterogeneous in 2 cases. Tumor margins were well-defined in 5 cases and ill-defined in 4 cases. Capsule formation was present in 5 cases and absent in 4 cases. In conclusion, it is important to note that hypo-attenuation was as common as hyper-attenuation in dogs with insulinoma in triple-phase CT in at least one phase. Additionally, mass lesions were most conspicuous not only in the arterial phase but in the pancreatic and later phases in some cases. Therefore, it is important to perform triple-phase CT and notice about variable findings for the detection of canine pancreatic insulinoma.  相似文献