Uniform ripening encodes a Golden 2-like transcription factor regulating tomato fruit chloroplast development     

Powell AL  Nguyen CV  Hill T  Cheng KL  Figueroa-Balderas R  Aktas H  Ashrafi H  Pons C  Fernández-Muñoz R  Vicente A  Lopez-Baltazar J  Barry CS  Liu Y  Chetelat R  Granell A  Van Deynze A  Giovannoni JJ  Bennett AB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6089):1711-1715

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Phosphofructokinase 1 glycosylation regulates cell growth and metabolism   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W Yi  PM Clark  DE Mason  MC Keenan  C Hill  WA Goddard  EC Peters  EM Driggers  LC Hsieh-Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6097):975-980

Cancer cells must satisfy the metabolic demands of rapid cell growth within a continually changing microenvironment. We demonstrated that the dynamic posttranslational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is a key metabolic regulator of glucose metabolism. O-GlcNAcylation was induced at serine 529 of phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) in response to hypoxia. Glycosylation inhibited PFK1 activity and redirected glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway, thereby conferring a selective growth advantage on cancer cells. Blocking glycosylation of PFK1 at serine 529 reduced cancer cell proliferation in vitro and impaired tumor formation in vivo. These studies reveal a previously uncharacterized mechanism for the regulation of metabolic pathways in cancer and a possible target for therapeutic intervention.  相似文献   

A periciliary brush promotes the lung health by separating the mucus layer from airway epithelia     

B Button  LH Cai  C Ehre  M Kesimer  DB Hill  JK Sheehan  RC Boucher  M Rubinstein 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6097):937-941

Mucus clearance is the primary defense mechanism that protects airways from inhaled infectious and toxic agents. In the current gel-on-liquid mucus clearance model, a mucus gel is propelled on top of a "watery" periciliary layer surrounding the cilia. However, this model fails to explain the formation of a distinct mucus layer in health or why mucus clearance fails in disease. We propose a gel-on-brush model in which the periciliary layer is occupied by membrane-spanning mucins and mucopolysaccharides densely tethered to the airway surface. This brush prevents mucus penetration into the periciliary space and causes mucus to form a distinct layer. The relative osmotic moduli of the mucus and periciliary brush layers explain both the stability of mucus clearance in health and its failure in airway disease.  相似文献   

Temperature-dependent alterations in host use drive rapid range expansion in a butterfly     

Pateman RM  Hill JK  Roy DB  Fox R  Thomas CD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6084):1028-1030

Responses of species to climate change are extremely variable, perhaps because of climate-related changes to interactions among species. We show that temperature-related changes in the dependence of the butterfly Aricia agestis on different larval host plants have facilitated rapid range expansion. Historically, the butterfly was largely restricted to a single plant species, Helianthemum nummularium, but recent warmer conditions have enabled the butterfly to increasingly use the more widespread plant species Geranium molle. This has resulted in a substantial increase in available habitat and rapid range expansion by the butterfly (79 kilometers northward in Britain in 20 years). Interactions among species are often seen as constraints on species' responses to climate change, but we show that temperature-dependent changes to interspecific interactions can also facilitate change.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a Campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for direct analysis of bovine preputial samples     

Bonnie Chaban  Shirley Chu  Steven Hendrick  Cheryl Waldner  Janet E. Hill 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(3):166-173

The detection and subspeciation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (CFV) from veterinary samples is important for both clinical and economic reasons. Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis is the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a venereal disease that can lead to serious reproductive problems in cattle, and strict international regulations require animals and animal products to be CFV-free for trade. This study evaluated methods reported in the literature for CFV detection and reports the translation of an extensively tested CFV-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set; including the VenSF/VenSR primers and a real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) platform using SYBR Green chemistry. Three methods of preputial sample preparation for direct qPCR were evaluated and a heat lysis DNA extraction method was shown to allow for CFV detection at the level of approximately one cell equivalent per reaction (or 1.0 × 10³ CFU/mL) from prepuce. The optimized sample preparation and qPCR protocols were then used to evaluate 3 western Canadian bull cohorts, which included 377 bulls, for CFV. The qPCR assay detected 11 positive bulls for the CFV-specific parA gene target. DNA sequence data confirmed the identity of the amplified product and revealed that positive samples were comprised of 2 sequence types; one identical to previously reported CFV parA gene sequences and one with a 9% sequence divergence. These results add valuable information towards our understanding of an important CFV subspeciation target and offer a significantly improved format for an internationally recognized PCR test.  相似文献   

Effect of a zinc L-carnosine compound on acid-induced injury in canine gastric mucosa ex vivo     

Hill TL  Blikslager AT 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(5):659-663

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Toxocara vitulorum in a bison (Bison bison) herd from western Canada     

Murray R. Woodbury  Shelagh Copeland  Brent Wagner  Champika Fernando  Janet E. Hill  Cathy Clemence 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2012,53(7):791-794

The discovery of the parasite Toxocara vitulorum in bison calves in the province of Manitoba, Canada is discussed. This parasite is more commonly found in the small intestines of bovid calves living in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is the first time that Toxocara vitulorum has been reported from hosts in Canada.  相似文献   

Prevalence of Bartonella species, hemoplasmas, and Rickettsia felis DNA in blood and fleas of cats in Bangkok, Thailand     

Assarasakorn S  Veir JK  Hawley JR  Brewer MM  Morris AK  Hill AE  Lappin MR 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(3):1213-1216

Flea infestations are common in Thailand, but little is known about the flea-borne infections. Fifty flea pools and 153 blood samples were collected from client-owned cats between June and August 2009 from veterinary hospitals in Bangkok, Thailand. Total DNA was extracted from all samples, and then assessed by conventional PCR assays. The prevalence rates of Bartonella spp. in blood and flea samples were 17% and 32%, respectively, with DNA of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella clarridgeiae being amplified most commonly. Bartonella koehlerae DNA was amplified for the first time in Thailand. Hemoplasma DNA was amplified from 23% and 34% of blood samples and flea pools, respectively, with 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and Mycoplasma haemofelis being detected most frequently. All samples were negative for Rickettsia felis. Prevalence rate of B. henselae DNA was increased 6.9 times in cats with flea infestation. Cats administered flea control products were 4.2 times less likely to be Bartonella-infected.  相似文献   

Descriptive epidemiological study of the use of antimicrobial drugs by companion animal veterinarians in New Zealand     

Pleydell EJ  Souphavanh K  Hill KE  French NP  Prattley DJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2012,60(2):115-122

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Water use assessment in alley cropping systems within subtropical China     

Ying Zhao  Bin Zhang  Robert Hill 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,84(2):243-259

Alley cropping systems may influence soil water movement and the water budget because of its complex interactions between crop and tree rooting systems. The objective of this paper was to evaluate water balance and water competition in an alley cropping system, consisting of deciduous tree wild jujube (Choerospondias axillaris) and economic crop peanut (Arachis hypogaea) within subtropical China. Five treatments (20- by 6-m plots) with three replications were included in this study. The treatments were monoculture peanut cropping (P), monoculture younger trees (T1), monoculture older trees (T2), peanut intercropped with younger trees (T1P), and peanut intercropped with older trees (T2P). A multi-layered water balance model, with water movement between soil layers, was implemented by the measurement of soil water potential using sets of tensiometers during the periods from March 1999 to December 2002. The spatial and temporal variations of soil water regime indicated that the trees used soil water below the 60-cm soil depth and alleviated the water stress. The direction of soil water movement indicated that soil water moved to the tree row, which indicated that trees competed with peanuts for water, especially during the seasonal drought period. Water competition was related to the tree spacing and tree age. Compared to the tree monoculture systems, the alley cropping system significantly influenced water budget components and water use patterns, as indicated by the increased evapotranspiration (6–11%), and decreased net drainage (7–45%), water storage (6–29%), and runoff (50–60%). Furthermore, alley cropping systems encouraged the rapid growth of trees, and depressed the biomass and yield of peanuts by 20–50% associated with tree shading effects. The results suggest that competition for water and light must be taken into account when optimizing the alley cropping system.  相似文献