Fibrous osteodystrophy in a dromedary camel     

Elizabeth S. Hines  Valentina B. Stevenson  Molly E. Patton  Hannah R. Leventhal  Noah Diaz-Portalatin  Mitchell A. Meyerhoeffer  Linda A. Dahlgren  D. Phillip Sponenberg 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):144

A 6-y-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) was presented for assessment of firm, bilateral swellings rostral and ventral to the eyes. Serum biochemistry revealed hyperglycemia (28.5 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1.27 mmol/L), hyperphosphatemia (3.39 mmol/L), hypoproteinemia (total protein 50 g/L), and hypoalbuminemia (20 g/L). Based on the poor prognosis associated with the presumptive diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy, the camel was euthanized. Gross postmortem findings revealed expanded fibrous tissue replacing the maxilla and mandible, and bilaterally prominent parathyroid glands. Histology of the maxilla revealed proliferative loose fibrous tissue with widely scattered, regularly spaced, small spicules of mineralized bone. The parathyroid glands were prominent bilaterally; the internal and external parathyroid glands were composed of plump cells with abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm and open nuclei. The pathologic findings were consistent with the antemortem diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy. The camel’s diet, which was not specifically balanced for a camel, included grass hay, sweet feed, and alfalfa pellets. The camel’s caregivers reported feeding her treats of cookies. A feed analysis was not available. The biochemistry abnormalities and clinical and postmortem findings, along with a diet that was not balanced for a camel, are consistent with a diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.  相似文献   

Chemical and biological trends associated with acidic atmospheric deposition in the Rhode River watershed and estuary     

David L. Correll  Joseph J. Miklas  Anson H. Hines  James J. Schafer 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,35(1-2):63-86

The Rhode River estuarine/watershed system is a tributary of Chesapeake Bay located on the inner Atlantic Coastal Plain. Its soils are fine sandy loams. Bulk precipitation pH in the spring season declined from 4.95 in 1974 to 3.82 in 1981 and was 4.03 in 1985. The changes in pH of a forested primary stream were more related to changes in bulk precipitation pH than were the changes in pH of agricultural streams, reflecting the importance of other major terrestrial sources of acidity on agricultural systems. Surges in acidity and dissolved total Al concentration in primary (first order) streams reached extremes of pH 3.2 and 300 μg Al L^?1. Higher order streams were observed to have surges in acidity with pH minima below 5.0. Surges in acidity ocurred during accelerated groundwater percolation following storm events and did not coincide with surface runoff or snowmelt. One of the reasons why groundwater is more acidic than surface runoff is that the vegetation exchanges H30 ⁺ for alkaline cations in the soil and translocates these ions to the vegetational canopy. When it rains, subsequently, H₃0⁺ in the precipitation displace some of these alkaline cations from the canopy. The end result is that overland flow during storms is enriched in alkaline cations, while groundwater is enriched in H₃0⁺. Although the source of dissolved Al is dissolution of clay minerals with atomic ratios of Al to silicate of 1:l, 1:2, or 1:3, this ratio in stream water rapidly declined to 1:1200 due to loss of Al. On average, forest drainage was the most acidic, the highest in dissolved Al, and the lowest in Ca. Surges in acidity were most severe from pastureland, and next most severe from cropland. Total fluoride concentrations were high relative to Al from all three land uses. Rhode River spawning runs of Perca flavescens declined drastically from the early 1970s to essentially zero since 1981. Larval bioassays of acidity indicate negligible toxicity to Hyla crucifer, significant toxicity to Perca flavescens and drastic effects on Morone saxatilis at pH 5.0.  相似文献   

Effects of feeding systems on social and feeding behavior and performance of finishing pigs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J V Vargas  J V Craig  R H Hines 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(2):463-474

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of feeding systems on feeding behavior, aggression, social ranks and average daily gain (ADG) of pigs. In Exp. 1, feed was delivered during the day from 1100 to 1400 and at night from 2300 to 0200. One pen containing 10 barrows and 10 gilts was used. Correlation coefficients were calculated between pairs of traits. In Exp. 2, four feeding systems were tested using similar group composition as in Exp. 1. Two feeding systems were ad libitum, offering either dry or wet feed; the other two used time-restricted feeding from 0900 to 1100 and from 1600 to 1800, but with water supplied either ad libitum or time-restricted. Analyses of variance were used to test feeding system effects; correlation coefficients were calculated for pairs of traits. Results of Exp. 1 indicated that pigs displayed predominantly daytime activities. Frequency of aggressive acts were correlated significantly with feeding frequency (r = .48), time to first feeding (r = -.50) and ADG (r = .56). In Exp. 2, pigs on time-restricted feeding with ad libitum water had significantly depressed ADG and reduced feed intake. A possible association between time-restricted feeding and water intake is postulated. Feeding behavior, aggression and social rank were associated with ADG in time-restricted systems but not in ad libitum systems. There was a tendency in time-restricted-fed pigs for the more aggressive pigs to perform more feeding activities, to rank higher in the social order, and to gain faster.  相似文献   

Experimental challenge models for Johne's disease: a review and proposed international guidelines     

Hines ME  Stabel JR  Sweeney RW  Griffin F  Talaat AM  Bakker D  Benedictus G  Davis WC  de Lisle GW  Gardner IA  Juste RA  Kapur V  Koets A  McNair J  Pruitt G  Whitlock RH 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,122(3-4):197-222

An international committee of Johne's disease (JD) researchers was convened to develop guidelines for JD challenge studies in multiple animal species. The intent was to develop and propose international standard guidelines for models based on animal species that would gain acceptance worldwide. Parameters essential for the development of long-term and short-term infection models were outlined and harmonized to provide a "best fit" JD challenge model for cattle, goats, sheep, cervids, and mice. These models will be useful to study host-pathogen interactions, host immunity at the local and systemic level, and for evaluating vaccine candidates and therapeutics. The consensus guidelines herein list by animal species strains of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis used, challenge dose, dose frequency, age of challenge, route of challenge, preparation of inoculum, experimental animal selection, quality control, minimal experimental endpoints and other parameters.  相似文献   

Adverse reactions suggestive of type III hypersensitivity in six healthy dogs given human albumin     

Francis AH  Martin LG  Haldorson GJ  Lahmers KK  Luther TY  Alperin DC  Hines SA 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(6):873-879

CASE DESCRIPTION:6 healthy dogs given human albumin solution as part of a study were examined following development of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction (1 dog) and signs suggestive of a type III hypersensitivity reaction (all 6 dogs). CLINICAL FINDINGS: All 6 dogs were healthy prior to administration of human albumin solution. One dog developed signs of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by vomiting and facial edema, during administration of human albumin solution. All 6 dogs developed signs of a delayed adverse reaction 5 to 13 days after administration of human albumin solution. Initial clinical signs included lethargy, lameness, edema, cutaneous lesions indicative of vasculitis, vomiting, and inappetance. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: In the dog with signs of immediate hypersensitivity, signs resolved after administration of human albumin solution was discontinued and diphenhydramine was administered. Supportive treatment was provided after dogs developed signs of a delayed adverse reaction. Four dogs recovered, but 2 dogs died despite treatment. All 6 dogs were found to have antihuman albumin antibodies. There was no evidence of contamination of the human albumin solution. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that administration of human albumin solution in healthy dogs with normal serum albumin concentrations may result in signs of a type III hypersensitivity reaction.  相似文献   

Cryopreservation of Zona‐Free Cloned Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) Embryos: Slow Freezing vs Open‐Pulled Straw Vitrification     

K Sirisha  NL Selokar  M Saini  P Palta  RS Manik  MS Chauhan  SK Singla 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(4):538-544

This study was carried out to compare the post‐thaw cryosurvival rate and the level of apoptosis in vitro produced zona‐free cloned buffalo blastocysts subjected to slow freezing or vitrification in open‐pulled straws (OPS). Zona‐free cloned embryos produced by handmade cloning were divided into two groups and were cryopreserved either by slow freezing or by vitrification in OPS. Cryosurvival of blastocysts was determined by their re‐expansion rate following post‐thaw culture for 22–24 h. The post‐thaw re‐expansion rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher following vitrification in OPS (71.2 ± 2.3%) compared with that after slow freezing (41.6 ± 4.8%). For examining embryo quality, the level of apoptosis in day 8 frozen‐thawed blastocysts was determined by TUNEL staining. The total cell number was not significantly different among the control non‐cryopreserved cloned embryos (422.6 ± 67.8) and those cryopreserved by slow freezing (376.4 ± 29.3) or vitrification in OPS (422.8 ± 36.2). However, the apoptotic index, which was similar for embryos subjected to slow freezing (14.8 ± 2.0) or OPS vitrification (13.3 ± 1.8), was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that for the control non‐cryopreserved cloned embryos (3.4 ± 0.6). In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that vitrification in OPS is better than slow freezing for the cryopreservation of zona‐free cloned buffalo blastocysts because it offers a much higher cryosurvival rate.  相似文献   

Effects of macrophage inhibitory factor-A3 (MIF-A3) on cytokine secretion and phagolysosome fusion in murine macrophages     

Hines ME  Baldwin CA  Styer EL  Hullinger GA  Cole JR 《Veterinary microbiology》1999,65(1):47-60

Macrophage inhibitory factor-A3 (MIF-A3) is a fraction derived from Mycobacterium avium serovar 2 (Mav2) that consists of a small amine containing compound (peptide), trehalose and two or three short chain fatty acids. MIF-A3 has been shown to inhibit candidacidal activity of murine thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal-derived macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes, and scavenge reactive oxygen intermediates. In this study, MIF-A3 was evaluated for its effect on secretion of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, TNFalpha and GM-CSF in C57BL/6 murine thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal-derived macrophages, with and without pre-incubation with affinity purified goat anti-MIF-A3 IgG, using ELISA cytokine kit analysis. Results of this study suggest that anti-MIF-A3 IgG does not enhance clearance of Mav2, alter phagocytosis or alter phagosome-lysosome interactions as determined by electron microscopy in Mav2 infected macrophages. MIF-A3 does induce secretion of IL-6, but does not induce secretion of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and GM-CSF. TNFalpha has been previously shown to reduce growth, while IL-6 has been shown to enhance growth of M. avium. Since IL-6 appears to enhance growth of M. avium and MIF-A3 induces IL-6 secretion, MIF-A3 may be responsible for enhanced intracellular growth in M. avium infections and be a factor in the pathogenesis of M. avium infections.  相似文献   

Effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in finishing pigs.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

I Mavromichalis  J D Hancock  I H Kim  B W Senne  D H Kropf  G A Kennedy  R H Hines  K C Behnke 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(10):2700-2708

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of omitting vitamin and trace mineral premixes and(or) reducing inorganic phosphorus additions to finishing diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and muscle quality in pigs. In Exp. 1, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (.70% lysine, .65% Ca, and .55% P) was used as the control. Pigs (n = 128; average initial BW of 85.7 kg) were fed the control diet or the control diet without 1) the vitamin premix, 2) the trace mineral premix, or 3) both premixes. Omitting the premixes had no effect on ADG (P>.39); gain/feed (P>.17); carcass backfat thickness (P>.42); and marbling, color, and firmness of the longissimus muscle (P>.11). In Exp. 2, pigs (n = 128; average initial BW of 86.2 kg) were fed the control diet (.65% Ca and .53% P) used in Exp. 1 and the control diet without 1/3 (.56% Ca and .46% P), 2/3 (.51% Ca and .40% P), or all (.47% Ca and .31% P) of the added monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Omitting up to 2/3 of the MCP increased ADG (quadratic effect, P<.02) and had no effect on meat quality (P>.12), but backfat thickness increased slightly (quadratic effect, P<.02). In Exp. 3, pigs (n = 160; average initial BW of 86.6 kg) were fed the control diet used in Exp. 1 or the control without 1) the vitamin and trace mineral premixes, 2) 2/3 of the MCP, or 3) the premixes and 2/3 of the MCP. Treatment had no effects on ADG (P>.23), gain/feed (P>.94), stomach lesions (P>.37), or serum gamma globulins (P>.08). In conclusion, vitamin and trace mineral premixes and up to 2/3 of the supplemental MCP can be omitted during late finishing (i.e., approximately the final 30 d) to reduce nutrient excesses that increase cost of feeding and nutrients excreted in waste material.  相似文献   

Preparation and Properties of Tridecanoic Acid Containing C14 in the Carboxyl Group     

Hines E  Gemant A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1949,110(2844):19

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Endocrine communication in the mare     

Katherine K. Hines PhD   《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1987,7(4)

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