Experimental infection of equine herpesvirus 9 in dogs     

Yanai T  Fujishima N  Fukushi H  Hirata A  Sakai H  Masegi T 《Veterinary pathology》2003,40(3):263-267

Equine herpesvirus 9 (EHV-9), a new neurotropic equine herpesvirus, was inoculated intranasally at 107 plaque-forming units in five dogs to assess its pathogenicity. Dogs showed weight loss, pyrexia, anorexia, and neurologic signs on the fourth day. The EHV-9 virus was recovered from the examined brains. Histologically, dogs had a fulminant nonsuppurative encephalitis characterized by severe neuronal degeneration and loss, with intranuclear inclusions, slight glial reactions, perivascular cuffing, and multifocal hemorrhage. The olfactory bulb and the frontal and temporal lobes were predominantly affected. Immunohistochemistry revealed reactivity for EHV-9 antigen in neurons. All dogs had mild bronchopneumonia and various degrees of lymphoid necrosis. These findings indicate that dogs are fully susceptible to EHV-9 and that EHV-9 can cause fulminant encephalitis with high mortality in dogs, as in gazelles and goats.  相似文献   

Significance of PWT4–Rwt4 interaction in the species specificity of Avena isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae on wheat     

Kenji Hirata  Yukio Tosa  Hitoshi Nakayashiki  Shigeyuki Mayama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(5):340-344

We examined whether PWT4, an avirulence gene of Avena isolates of Magnaporthe oryzae toward wheat, corresponded to Rwt4, a resistance gene identified in wheat cultivar Norin 4, in a one-to-one manner. Twelve wheat cultivars were inoculated with 65X1, an F₁ culture with PWT4 derived from a cross between an Avena isolate (Br58) and a Triticum isolate (Br48). Three wheat cultivars (Norin 26, Shin-chunaga, Cheyenne) were resistant and therefore selected as possible carriers of Rwt4. The three cultivars were then inoculated with a population derived from a backcross of 61M2 carrying PWT4 with Br48 carrying pwt4. Segregation analyses revealed that PWT4 operates against the three cultivars. If PWT4 corresponds to Rwt4 in a one-to-one manner, all three cultivars should carry Rwt4. To test if this is the case, the three cultivars were crossed with Chinese Spring (a noncarrier of Rwt4) and Norin 4. When F₂ seedlings from Chinese Spring × Norin 26, Chinese Spring × Shin-chunaga, and Chinese Spring × Cheyenne were inoculated with 61M2, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in a 3 : 1 ratio. On the other hand, crosses between the three cultivars and Norin 4 yielded no susceptible F₂ seedlings. These results indicate that all three cultivars carry Rwt4. Considering all results, we concluded that PWT4 corresponds to Rwt4 in a one-to-one manner. An inoculation test with Chinese Spring–Cheyenne chromosome substitution lines indicated that Rwt4 is located on chromosome 1D.  相似文献   

Pyrolysis and combustion toxicity of wood treated with CCA     

Dr. Toshimi Hirata  Mr. Mamoru Inoue  Mr. Yasuo Fukui 《Wood Science and Technology》1992,27(1):35-47

Summary The study was carried out in order to determine the effects of CCA on the pyrolysis and the combustion toxicity of wood. The results from CCA treated wood are summarized as follows: 1. CCA accelerated the beginning of pyrolysis of wood, increased the activation energies for the weight loss by pyrolysis, and increased the char yields in both air and helium. 2. Almost all the original amounts of cromium and copper were retained in the ash while some of the arsenic evolved into the gas phase, which increased with increasing temperature and air supply. 3. The combustion toxicity of wood samples was affected more by the sample density and CO concentration than CCA. It is concluded that for minimizing gaseous toxicants from arsenic, CCA treated wood must be burned at low temperatures with a reduced air supply.  相似文献   

Chemical composition and antifungal properties of essential oils of three Pistacia species     

Duru ME  Cakir A  Kordali S  Zengin H  Harmandar M  Izumi S  Hirata T 《Fitoterapia》2003,74(1-2):170-176

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the leaves of Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus, Pistacia lentiscus and the resin of Pistacia lentiscus were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. alpha-Pinene, beta-pinene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol were found to be the major components. The antifungal activities of the above oils and P. lentiscus resin (total, acidic and neutral fractions) against the growth of three agricultural pathogens, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sambucinum were evaluated. Some doses of P. terebinthus, P. vera and P. lentiscus leaf oils and total and neutral fraction of P. lentiscus resin significantly inhibited the growth of R. solani. However, all samples did not show antifungal activity against P. ultimum and F. sambucinum, but increased the growth of F. sambucinum.  相似文献   

Microhabitat use of wood mice ranging from a reserved belt with evergreen broad-leaved trees to a coniferous plantation     

Kaori Sato  Yasumasa Hirata  Atsushi Sakai  Shigeo Kuramoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(4):275-280

Wood mice Apodemus speciosus and Apodemus argenteus are potentially important seed dispersers and predators of Quercus and Castanopsis in Japan. We investigated the existence of two species of wood mice in warm-temperate forests ranging from a reserved belt of evergreen broad-leaved trees to a coniferous plantation, and analyzed the relationship between wood mouse occurrence and environmental factors to confirm their microhabitat use. We used two-way analysis of variance to analyze differences in the captured number of each wood mouse species in two trapping seasons as well as two stand types to confirm the interaction between the stand type and trapping season. Apodemus speciosus were often captured in the reserved belt, while captures of A. argenteus were independent of season and stand types. It is reasonable to conclude from the results of the trends in occurrence that the two species of wood mice showed different uses of the microhabitat. The result of linear discriminant analysis made it clear that the distance from the reserved belt had much to do with the difference in microhabitat use between the two species in the fruiting season of Quercus and Castanopsis. On average, A. speciosus moved 19.9 m during nonfruiting and 61.3 m during fruiting, while A. argenteus moved 8.1 m during nonfruiting, and 29.0 m during fruiting from analysis of the recapture position. The results indicate that both species of mice move around during the fruiting season more than in the nonfruiting season.  相似文献   

A review of tower flux observation sites in Asia     

Yasuko Mizoguchi  Akira Miyata  Yoshikazu Ohtani  Ryuichi Hirata  Satoko Yuta 《Journal of Forest Research》2009,14(1):1-9

Aggregating and sharing the metadata of flux observation sites results in a strong collaboration among various fields of study. Such data sharing will also be a part of the future design of a tower flux observation network in Asia. The aim of this review is to comprehend the state of tower flux observation sites in Asia. There are 109 tower flux observation sites in Asia including 51 forest sites. There are more new sites under construction in Asia than in America and Europe. These sites range from the taiga in Siberia to the rainforest in Southeast Asia, and from the equatorial to polar Koeppen climate zones. There are many highly humid areas in Asia, not only at low latitudes but also at middle latitudes. This climate condition has developed unique vegetation such as lucidophyllous (evergreen broadleaf) forest, which is distributed in warm areas with high precipitation in the growing season. However, there are only a few observations taking place in lucidophyllous forest. Rice paddy fields are also unique land cover in Asia. It is important to accumulate long-term data for rice fields with their management records, because plant activity depends highly on both climate conditions and land-use management. Flux data, especially net ecosystem exchange and related elements, are used for widespread studies not only within the flux-research community but also in other fields of study, for example remote sensing. At present, however, both the quantity and quality of the data are not sufficient for these studies. Regarding the quantity, there are many recently established sites that have not published data yet; regarding quality, flux data include uncertainties caused by methodological problems. Flux researchers are required not only to obtain flux data but also to improve their quality. Meanwhile, data users must understand there are still uncertainties in flux data. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

Multiple taste functions of the umami substances in muscle extracts of yellowtail and bastard halibut     

Yukiko Maruji  Momoko Shimizu  Michiyo Murata  Masashi Ando  Morihiko Sakaguchi  Takashi Hirata 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):521-528

Boiled muscle extracts obtained from yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata and bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus were treated with two kinds of purified enzymes (acid phosphatase and glutamate decarboxylase), and the change in contents of nucleotides, related compounds, and free amino acids was examined. The change in taste qualities was also investigated by a taste test. The enzyme treatment resulted in a marked decrease in the contents of such umami substances as inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) and glutamic acid (Glu). The taste test revealed that the treatment of these fish muscle extracts with both or either of the enzymes caused a sharp decrease in umami intensity and also an increase in sourness but not a change in pH. The treatment also effected marked decreases in thickness and overall taste intensity. These findings suggest that IMP and Glu function not only to intensify the thickness and overall taste as well as the umami, but also to repress the sourness sensation elicited by the fish muscle extracts.  相似文献   

Estimation of stand attributes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptomeria japonica</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis obtusa</Emphasis> stands using QuickBird panchromatic data     

Yasumasa Hirata 《Journal of Forest Research》2008,13(3):147-154

This study aims to estimate stand density and stand volume in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa stands from high-resolution satellite data and verify the reliability and uncertainty of the data. Sixty circular sample plots of 0.04 ha each were established. Their stand densities were estimated from the number of tree crowns derived from high-resolution satellite data using the watershed method. Stand densities derived from field surveys in the sample plots were compared with those obtained from high-resolution satellite data by stand age class. As a result, there was a positive correlation between them for sample plots of 41 years of age and over (R = 0.82); however, there was no correlation between them for sample plots of 40 years and under. Individual diameters at breast height (DBH) were estimated from crown areas obtained from high-resolution satellite data for the two species. Using the estimated DBH, individual tree heights were predicted from the height–diameter curves. Stand volumes were estimated from the sum of individual volumes, which were derived from volume formulas having two variables, i.e., DBH and height. Stand volumes derived from the field survey were compared with those obtained from high-resolution satellite data. The correlation coefficient between them for stands of 41 years of age and over was 0.78.  相似文献   

Possibility of anisakid larvae infection in farmed salmon   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Koji Inoue  Syun-Ichiro Oshima  Tatsuyoshi Hirata and  Ikuo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2000,66(6):1049-1052

SUMMARY: Nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae including Anisakis simplex and Pseudoterranova decipiens are known to cause anisakiasis when their live larvae are ingested by humans. We estimated the possibility of anisakid infection to salmonids, farmed in sea net-pens at Onagawa Bay, Miyagi, Japan, in 1992, 1998 and 1999, by direct examination of the edible muscle and examination of the contents of the alimentary canal. From direct examination of the muscle, no nematode was found in the 249 farmed coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and 40 farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss . In contrast, third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex were found in seven of 14 wild coho salmon caught in Russia and all the 40 wild chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta caught at Nemuro and Kesennuma in 1998. The stomach and intestines of 521 farmed coho salmon and 40 farmed rainbow trout were examined carefully for the existence of possible carrier organisms such as crustaceans, fish or squid. Such carrier organisms were not found in the stomach and intestines of farmed fish. Thus, we conclude that the possibility of anisakid infection is very low in farmed salmonids.  相似文献   

Graft-induced variants as a source of novel characteristics in the breeding of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Janos Taller  Noboru Yagishita  Yutaka Hirata 《Euphytica》1999,108(2):73-78

A line with genetic changes that was obtained from selfed seeds of the scion of an intraspecific pepper graft was used as a source of new characteristics in this breeding experiment. Five new variant lines and several sublines were bred by the use of this graft-induced variant strain and two other cultivars. Gradual introduction of the desired quantitative traits and selection resulted in combinations which significantly outperform the parental lines. Our breeding aim was to combine the two-lobed fruit shape that is characteristic for the graft-induced variants with thick pericarp, high sugar content, large fruit size, and significantly reduced or eliminated pungency in the new variants. A bushy plant type, typical for the graft-induced variants could be maintained in some selected sublines. The use of the three different genotypes resulted in many favorable combinations of quantitative traits, and lines were selected with the most valuable new characteristics. However, not all of these expressed the two-lobed fruit apex of the graft-induced variants. Our results reveal that the new characteristics which are induced by grafting are stable, new traits, and can be used as a novel genetic source in the breeding of pepper. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献