Effects of discontinuity on heritabilities and phenotypic correlations for classified type characteristics in Japanese black heifers     

Hiroaki Iwaisaki 《Livestock Production Science》1983,10(6):611-616

The data on classified type-characteristics of 1692 Japanese Black breeding heifers were analyzed to investigate the effects of discontinuity and to estimate the heritabilities and phenotypic correlations in the underlying continuous scale. The parameters in an outward scale were computed with the equally-spaced scoring, employing mixed-model least squares procedures, and then those were adjusted for the effects of discontinuity.The effects of discontinuity for the classified type characteristics were generally minor in this applied work.  相似文献   

Comparison of virulence of various hantaviruses related to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in newborn mouse model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lokugamage K  Kariwa H  Lokugamage N  Iwasa M  Hagiya T  Araki K  Tachi A  Mizutani T  Yoshimatsu K  Arikawa J  Iwasaki T  Takashima I 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》2004,51(3-4):143-149

The virulence of hantaviruses that are antigenically related but have different genetic characteristics from the prototype of hantavirus, Hantaan (HTN) virus, was examined in newborn mice. The H5 and B78 strains of the Amur (AMR) genotype, the Bao14 strain of the Far East (FE) genotype, and the 76-118 strain of HTN virus were inoculated subcutaneously (1focus-forming unit; FFU) into newborn mice. All of the AMR and FE genotype viruses inoculated mice were died by 16 days post-infection (dpi) and 21 dpi, respectively, while 50% of the HTN virus inoculated mice survived until 30 dpi. The AMR and FE genotype viruses inoculated mice had high viral titers in the lung (1.3x10(6) to 1.3x10(8) FFU/gram [g] tissue) , brain (2.1x10(7) to 1.2x10(9) FFU/g tissue), and kidney(2.5x10(5) to 1.6x10(7) FFU/g tissue), and showed a detectable level of antibodies (titers 1:16-1:32) at 14 dpi. In contrast, the HTN virus infected mice had viruses only in the lungs at low titers (1.1-5.3x10(5) FFU/g tissue). Observations of body-weight changes revealed that the AMR and FE genotype viruses inoculated mice had lower growth rates than the HTN virus inoculated mice. These data suggest that the AMR and FE genotype viruses are more virulent than the HTN virus in newborn mice.  相似文献   

Epizootiologic survey for Babesia microti among small wild mammals in northeastern Eurasia and a geographic diversity in the beta-tubulin gene sequences     

Zamoto A  Tsuji M  Wei Q  Cho SH  Shin EH  Kim TS  Leonova GN  Hagiwara K  Asakawa M  Kariwa H  Takashima I  Ishihara C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(7):785-792

We previously reported that small wild rodents in Japan harbor two types of novel Babesia microti-like parasites (designated as Hobetsu and Kobe types), but not the type commonly found in the northeastern United States (U.S. type) where human babesiosis is endemic. To determine whether these new types of parasites are distributed in places surrounding Japan, an epizootiologic survey was undertaken in three geographically distant areas in northeastern Eurasia; South Korea, Vladivostok in Russia, and Xinjiang in China. Blood samples were collected from a total of 387 animals comprising 24 species. DNAs extracted from the samples were tested by nested PCR targeting babesial nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene (rDNA), which revealed that small rodents harboring B. microti exist in all three survey areas. Sequence analysis showed that all PCR-positive samples had rDNA sequences virtually identical to that of U.S.-type B. microti. However, when beta-tubulin gene sequences were compared, evident geographic variations were seen. By use of primers specific for each of the beta-tubulin genes of Kobe-, Hobetsu-, and U.S.-type parasites, a type-specific PCR was developed. Parasite with Hobetsu- or Kobe-type sequence was not detected from any of the three survey areas. These findings suggest that U.S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan.  相似文献   

Simultaneous observation of the GnRH pulse generator activity and plasma concentrations of metabolites and insulin during fasting and subsequent refeeding periods in Shiba goats     

Matsuyama S  Ohkura S  Ichimaru T  Sakurai K  Tsukamura H  Maeda K  Okamura H 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(6):697-704

The time course of GnRH pulse generator activity and plasma concentrations of energy substrates and insulin were simultaneously observed in female goats during 4-day fasting and subsequent refeeding in the presence or absence of estrogen for a better understanding of the mechanism of energetic control of gonadotropin secretion in ruminants. The GnRH pulse generator activity was electrophysiologically assessed with the intervals of characteristic increases in multiple-unit activity (MUA volleys) in the mediobasal hypothalamus. In estradiol-treated ovariectomized (OVX+E2) goats, the MUA volley intervals increased as fasting progressed. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid and ketone body increased, while those of acetic acid and insulin decreased during fasting. The MUA volley intervals and plasma concentrations of those metabolites and insulin were restored to pre-fasting levels after subsequent refeeding. In ovariectomized (OVX) goats, changes in plasma metabolites and insulin concentrations were similar to those in OVX+E2 goats, but the MUA volley intervals were not altered. The present results demonstrated that fasting suppressed GnRH pulse generator activity in an estrogen-dependent manner. Changes in plasma concentrations of energy substrates and insulin during fasting were associated with the GnRH pulse generator activity in the presence of estrogen, but not in the absence of the steroid in female goats.  相似文献   

A case of feline pancreatitis     

Sakai M  Harada K  Matsumura H  Takahashi T  Koie H  Yamaya Y  Watari T  Shibuya H  Sato T  Tokuriki M  Hasegawa A 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(12):1331-1333

A 14-year-old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat was referred to us with anorexia, pyrexia, and jaundice. Total bilirubin (TBIL) and feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) levels were remarkably high. Based on laparoscopic biopsy of the pancreas, the cat was diagnosed as having pancreatitis. As a result of treatment with a synthetic protease inhibitor and corticosteroid, the TBIL and fTLI values returned to normal and the clinical course was good.  相似文献   

Design of hammerhead ribozymes that cleave murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in vivo     

Nakamura K  Murata C  Ito M  Iwamori T  Nishimura S  Hisamatsu S  Sonoki S  Nakayama A  Suyama E  Kawasaki H  Taira K  Nishino K  Tachi C 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(1):73-80

As the first step in investigating the possiblity of applying ribozyme technology to artificial control of the sex ratios at birth in farm animals, where the demand for females exceeds that for males, we designed a hammerhead ribozyme (HHRz) and 2 tRNA(val)-hammerhead ribozyme complexes (tRNARz3 and tRNARz4), and examined their effects upon murine Sry mRNA in vitro and in cells. We demonstrated that HHRz and tRNARz3 could effectively cleave the target Sry mRNA in vitro. For the purpose of experiments in vivo, HHRz was cloned into the highly efficient pUC-CAGGS mammalian expression vector (pCAG/HHRz), and the tRNA ribozyme complexes were cloned into the pol III promoter-driven pPUR-KE vector (pPUR/tRNARz3 and pPUR/tRNARz4); the ribozyme vectors were co-transfected with the target vector (pCAG/Sry). A suppressive action (up to approx. 60%) was confirmed for pCAG/HHRz and pPUR/tRNARz3 upon the transiently expressed exogenously introduced Sry in M15 cultured cells.  相似文献   

Evaluation of fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Miwako Ito  Wakako Maruyama-Funatsuki  Tatsuya M. Ikeda  Zenta Nishio  Koichi Nagasawa  Tadashi Tabiki  Hiroaki Yamauchi 《Breeding Science》2012,62(4):340-347

The relationship between characterictics of flour of common wheat varieties and fresh pasta-making qualitites was examined, and the fresh pasta-making properties of extra-strong varieties that have extra-strong dough were evaluated. There was a positive correlation between mixing time (PT) and hardness of boiled pasta, indicating that the hardness of boiled pasta was affected by dough properties. Boiled pasta made from extra-strong varieties, Yumechikara, Hokkai 262 and Hokkai 259, was harder than that from other varieties and commercial flour. There was a negative correlation between flour protein content and brightness of boiled pasta. The colors of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara and Hokkai 262 grown under the condition of standard manuring culture were superior to those of boiled pasta made from other varieties. Discoloration of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara grown under the condition of heavy manuring culture was caused by increase of flour protein content. On the other hand, discoloration of boiled pasta made from Hokkai 262 grown under the condition of heavy manuring culture was less than that of boiled pasta made from Yumechikara. These results indicate that pasta made from extra-strong wheat varieties has good hardness and that Hokkai 262 has extraordinary fresh pasta-making properties.  相似文献   

The oral administration of thermophile-fermented compost extract and its influence on stillbirths and growth rate of pre-weaning piglets     

Miyamoto H  Kodama H  Udagawa M  Mori K  Matsumoto J  Oosaki H  Oosaki T  Ishizeki M  Ishizeki D  Tanaka R  Matsushita T  Kurihara Y  Miyamoto H 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):137-142

Food produced via fermentation with mesophilic bacteria has been used to confer health benefits. In contrast, mammalian physiological responses to the intake of thermophile-fermented products have not been thoroughly investigated. We examined the effects of administering a compost extract consisting of fermented marine animals with thermophiles, including Bacillaceae, to pregnant sows and piglets. Retrospective studies were performed on two different swine farms (n=330-1050 sows). The rate of stillbirth was markedly lower in all parities of the compost extract-fed group compared to those of the control group (p≦0.001). Additionally, the birth to weaning period of newborns was significantly shorter (p<0.0001), while the ratio of weanlings per liveborn piglets was increased by more than 6.5% in the compost extract-fed group. Thus thermophiles and their products in the compost extract might promote growth and reduce stillbirths of piglets during the birth to weaning period.  相似文献   

Practical capability of a DNA pool‐based genome‐wide association study using BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population     

Yoshinobu UEMOTO  Nanae SASAGO  Tsuyoshi ABE  Hideki OKADA  Hitomi MARUOKA  Hiroaki NAKAJIMA  Noriaki SHOJI  Shin MARUYAMA  Naohiko KOBAYASHI  Hideyuki MANNEN  Eiji KOBAYASHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(11):719-726

Genome‐wide association mapping for complex traits in cattle populations is a powerful, but expensive, selection tool. The DNA pooling technique can potentially reduce the cost of genome‐wide association studies. However, in DNA pooling design, the additional variance generated by pooling‐specific errors must be taken into account. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate factors such as: (i) the accuracy of allele frequency estimation; (ii) the magnitude of errors in pooling construction and in the array; and (iii) the effect of the number of replicate arrays on P‐values estimated by a genome‐wide association study. Results showed that the Illumina correction method is the most effective method to correct the allele frequency estimation; pooling errors, especially array variance, should be taken into account in DNA pooling design; and the risk of a type I error can be reduced by using at least two replicate arrays. These results indicate the practical capability and cost‐effectiveness of pool‐based genome‐wide association studies using the BovineSNP50 array in a cattle population.  相似文献   

The W‐ and Z‐linked EE0.6 sequences used for molecular sexing of captive Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island     

Kaori KASUGA  Maho HIGASHI  Takahisa YAMADA  Toshie SUGIYAMA  Yukio TANIGUCHI  Hiroaki IWAISAKI  Kosuke HOMMA  Yuuichi WAJIKI  Yoshinori KANEKO  Satoshi YAMAGISHI 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(1):83-87

The Japanese crested ibis Nipponia nippon is a critically threatened bird. Accurate sexing is necessary to perform effective management of captive breeding toward a national project for a tentative release of the Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island. A PCR‐based sexing method targeting a 0.6 kb EcoRI fragment (EE0.6) sequence on W chromosome with AWS03 and USP3 primers has been developed for the Japanese crested ibis. However, the primers were selected from the EE0.6 sequences from bird species other than the Japanese crested ibis. In this study, we determined the W‐ and Z‐linked EE0.6 sequences in the Japanese crested ibis, and clarified Japanese crested ibis sequence mismatch in the binding sites of the primers. Further, we found no polymorphism in the primer binding sites among five founder birds for the Sado captive Japanese crested ibis population. These findings validated the PCR‐based sexing method with the AWS03 and USP3 as accurate molecular sexing methods of captive Japanese crested ibis on the Sado Island. Additionally, we designed a primer set for a novel PCR‐based sexing, based on the EE0.6 sequences obtained in this study. This novel sexing method may be useful for future ecological research following the release of Japanese crested ibis on Sado Island. This is the first report to show the EE0.6 sequences in Japanese crested ibis.  相似文献