Effect of dexmedetomidine and xylazine followed by MK-467 on gastrointestinal microperfusion in anaesthetized horses     

Liza Wittenberg-Voges  Sabine BR. Kästner  Marja Raekallio  Outi M. Vainio  Karl Rohn  Klaus Hopster 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):165-174

Objective

To compare the effects of MK-467 during isoflurane anaesthesia combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine on global and gastrointestinal perfusion parameters.

Study design

Prospective, randomized experimental trial.

Animals

A total of 15 warmblood horses.

Methods

Horses were divided into two groups for administration of either dexmedetomidine (D) or xylazine (X) for premedication (D: 3.5 μg kg^?1; X: 0.5 mg kg^?1) and as constant rate infusion during isoflurane anaesthesia (D: 7 μg kg^?1 hour^?1; X: 1 mg kg^?1 hour^?1). During anaesthesia, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and cardiac index (CI) were measured. Microperfusion of the colon, jejunum and stomach was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. After 2 hours of stabilization, MK-467 (250 μg kg^?1) was administered, and measurements were continued for another 90 minutes. For statistical analysis, the permutation test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used (p < 0.05).

Results

There were no differences in baseline measurements between groups. The MK-467 bolus resulted in a significant decrease in MAP (D: –58%; X: –48%) and SVRI (D: –68%; X: –65%) lasting longer in group D (90 minutes) compared to group X (60 minutes). While CI increased (D: +31%; X: +35%), microperfusion was reduced in the colon (D: –44%; X: –34%), jejunum (D: –26%; X: –33%) and stomach (D: –37%; X: –35%).

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Alpha-2-agonist induced vasoconstriction was reversed by the MK-467 dose used, resulting in hypotension and rise in CI. Gastrointestinal microperfusion decreased, probably as a result of insufficient perfusion pressure. An infusion rate for MK-467 as well as an ideal agonist/antagonist ratio should be determined.  相似文献   

Effects of transdermal lidocaine or lidocaine with prilocaine or tetracaine on mechanical superficial sensation and nociceptive thermal thresholds in horses     

Franz J Söbbeler  Sabine BR Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):227-233

Objective

To evaluate the transdermal local anaesthetic effect of lidocaine or lidocaine combined with prilocaine or tetracaine in horses.

Study design

Experimental, randomized study.

Animals

A total of five healthy adult warmblood horses.

Methods

Horses were clipped bilaterally at the withers, cranial saddle area and caudal saddle area. Baseline measurements for mechanical superficial sensation via von Frey filaments and nociceptive thermal thresholds were performed. A 5% lidocaine patch (12 hour exposure, treatment L), a lidocaine/prilocaine cream (each 2.5%, treatment LP) and a lidocaine/tetracaine cream (each 7%, treatment LT) were applied (both 2 hour exposure). The same product was applied at the same location bilaterally, but on the right side an epidermal micro-perforation (dermaroller, 1200 needles) was performed prior to application. A total of five more measurements were performed at each location, immediately at the end of exposure time followed by hourly measurements. Thermal thresholds normalized to thermal excursion were analysed. One- or two-way anova and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis with p < 0.05 considered significant.

Results

Epidermal micro-perforation had no enhancing effect. Treatments L, LP, and LT resulted in increased thermal excursion (%) immediately (84.7 ± 12.9; 100.0 ± 0.0; 100.0 ± 0.0) and 1 hour (81.7 ± 66; 86.0 ± 17.7; 87.7 ± 14.4) after the removal of the respective product compared to baseline (66.1 ± 9.3; 69.9 ± 8.3; 76.5 ± 7.8). Superficial mechanical sensation was decreased by the lidocaine-and-tetracaine cream at all time points, and by the lidocaine patch and lidocaine-and-prilocaine cream for three measurements.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Eutectic mixtures of lidocaine with either prilocaine or tetracaine led to a reduction in thermal nociception and mechanical sensation for up to 2 hours.  相似文献   

Longitudinal prevalence and molecular typing of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by use of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in fecal samples collected from a range-based herd of beef cattle in California     

Kondo S  Hoar BR  Villanueva V  Mandrell RE  Atwill ER 《American journal of veterinary research》2010,71(11):1339-1347

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Influence of metamizole on 1) minimal alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in dogs and 2) on thermal and mechanical nociception in conscious dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Alexandra F Schütter  Julia Tünsmeyer  Sabine BR Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(2):215-226

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Acute hepatic necrosis and death in a subadult southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) associated with exposure to sterigmatocystin in forage contaminated with Aspergillus nidulans          下载免费PDF全文

BR Bryant  M Campbell  C Sangster 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(11):433-434

A young male southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), which was resident in a zoo as part of a multi‐rhinoceros group, died suddenly. Necropsy and histopathological findings supported a diagnosis of death from acute hepatic necrosis. The microscopic distribution of liver lesions was suggestive of hepatotoxicosis. Further investigation revealed potential exposure to a mycotoxin, sterigmatocystin, present in spoiled lucerne hay contaminated with Aspergillus nidulans. It was concluded that mycotoxicosis was the likely cause of the hepatic necrosis and death in this animal.  相似文献   

Germany/Australia Index of Sperm Sex Sortability in Elephants and Rhinoceros     

B Behr  D Rath  TB Hildebrandt  F Goeritz  S Blottner  TJ Portas  BR Bryant  B Sieg  A Knieriem  SP de Graaf  WMC Maxwell  R Hermes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):273-277

Flow cytometric sexing of spermatozoa followed by application in artificial insemination or in vitro fertilization provides a unique opportunity to predetermine the sex of offspring and might enhance the conservation management of endangered species in captivity such as the elephant and rhinoceros. To obtain an indication of the sortability of spermatozoa from these species, the relative DNA differences between X and Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa (fresh, frozen thawed, epididymal) from three rhinoceros species [white ( Ceratotherium simum ), black ( Diceros bicornis ), Indian ( Rhinoceros unicornis )] and both elephant species, the Asian and the African elephant ( Elephas maximus, Loxodonta Africana ), were determined through separation of spermatozoa into X and Y chromosome bearing populations, using a modified high speed flow cytometer. The head profile areas of spermatozoa from all five species were measured using light microscopy. By multiplying the relative DNA differences and the head profile areas, the sperm sorting indices were calculated to be 47, 48 and 51 for white, black and Indian rhinoceros respectively. The calculated sorting index for the Asian elephant was 66. In the African elephant, we determined the highest sorting index of 76. These results indicate the practicability of flow cytometric sex sorting of spermatozoa from the tested rhinoceros species and both elephant species. The lower sorting indices in rhinos indicate that sex sorting of spermatozoa from the rhinoceros will be more challenging than in elephants.  相似文献   

Hormones in reproduction and teratology in Guinea pigs     

Hoar RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,158(3800):529

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Probability of introduction of exotic strains of bluetongue virus into the US and into California through importation of infected cattle     

Hoar BR  Carpenter TE  Singer RS  Gardner IA 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,66(1-4):79-91

Strategies designed to minimize the probability of bluetongue virus (BTV) introduction to new areas should be based on a quantitative assessment of the probability of actually establishing the virus once it is introduced. The risk of introducing a new strain of bluetongue virus into a region depends on the number of viremic animals that enter and the competency of local vectors to transmit the virus. We used Monte Carlo simulation to model the probability of introducing BTV into California, USA, and the US through importation of cattle. Records of cattle and calf imports into California and the US were obtained, as was seroprevalence information from the exporting countries. A simulation model was constructed to evaluate the probability of importing either a viremic PCR-negative animal after 14-day quarantine, a c-ELISA BTV-antibody-negative animal after 28-day quarantine, or an untested viremic animal after 100-day quarantine into California and into the US. We found that for animals imported to the US, the simulated (best to worst scenarios) median percentage that tested positive for BTV-antibody ranged from 5.4 to 7.2%, while for the subset imported to California, the simulated median percentage that tested positive for BTV-antibody ranged from 20.9 to 78.9%. Using PCR, for animals imported to the US these values were 71.8–85.3%, and for those imported to California, the simulated median that test positive ranged from 74.3 to 92.4%. The probability that an imported animal was BTV-viremic is very low regardless of the scenario selected (median probability = 0.0%). The probability of introducing an exotic strain of BTV into California or the US by importing infected cattle was remote, and the current Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommendation of either a final PCR test performed 14 days after entry into quarantine, a c-ELISA performed 28 days after entry into quarantine or a 100-day quarantine with no testing requirement was adequate to protect cattle in the US and California from an exotic strain of BTV.  相似文献   

Is the Function of the Porcine Sperm Reservoir Restricted to the Ovulatory Period?     

Klaus-Peter BRüSSOW  Istvan EGERSZEGI  Jozsef RáTKY 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(5):395-398

The uterotubal junction (UTJ) and caudal isthmus are recognized as a functional pre-ovulatory sperm reservoir (SR). Spermatozoa are released from the SR in a complex and concerted action. However, whether this functionality is restricted only to the ovulatory period is still open to debate. Our study was aimed to analyze the presence of spermatozoa within the UTJ (SR), isthmus (ISTH) and ampulla (AMP) after laparoscopic intrauterine insemination (LIUI) either in the peri- (PERI) or post-ovulatory (POST) period or at mid cycle (MID). Each uterine horn of estrus synchronized gilts (n=12) was inseminated with 20 ml sperm (29.5×10⁶ cells/ml). Oviducts were recovered 7 h after LIUI and separated into the UTJ, ISTH and AMP, and sections were flushed with 10 ml PBS+EDTA solution. After centrifugation, the sperm pellet was evaluated by Čeřovský staining. The median sperm numbers in the PERI, POST and MID groups were 578, 171 and 789 in the UTJ; 545, 233 and 713 in the ISTH; and 496, 280 and 926 in the AMP, respectively, and there were differences between the POST and MID groups (P<0.05) but not between the oviductal sections of each group (P>0.05). Compared with the MID group, the percent of intact sperm cells was higher (P<0.01) in the PERI and POST groups (32.8 vs. 66.4 and 76.8%). Also, the percentages of aberrations in the acrosome and tail were higher (P<0.05) in the MID group. Based on this, it can be assumed that the sperm reservoir is active during different phases of the estrus cycle. However, the mid-cycle oviduct environment considerably impairs sperm cell quality.  相似文献   

MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY     

Osborn HF  Bumpus HC  Hoar DB  Whitman CO  Gardiner EG  Peck JI  Kidder CG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1897,6(143):475-476

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