The Alliance for Freshwater Life: A global call to unite efforts for freshwater biodiversity science and conservation          下载免费PDF全文

William Darwall  Vanessa Bremerich  Aaike De Wever  Anthony I. Dell  Jörg Freyhof  Mark O. Gessner  Hans‐Peter Grossart  Ian Harrison  Ken Irvine  Sonja C. Jähnig  Jonathan M. Jeschke  Jessica J. Lee  Cai Lu  Aleksandra M. Lewandowska  Michael T. Monaghan  Jens C. Nejstgaard  Harmony Patricio  Astrid Schmidt‐Kloiber  Simon N. Stuart  Michele Thieme  Klement Tockner  Eren Turak  Olaf Weyl 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2018,28(4):1015-1022

Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus and atypical Vibrio from surface water of the Baltic Sea in Germany     

Jores J  Stephan R  Knabner D  Gelderblom HR  Lewin A 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(9-10):396-400

From 1995 to 1997 several defined species like V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. cholerae (non O1 and non O139), V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were isolated during a survey to determine the presence of V. vulnificus in the brackish water of the Baltic Sea in Germany. Moreover atypical Vibrio isolates were detected. Four isolates belonging to a group of atypical Vibrio and possibly representing a new species in the genus Vibrio were characterized in detail. All four strains were isolated from surface costal waters. Based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis they showed the highest relatedness to the species V. navarrensis and V. vulnificus. The strains did not harbor the species specific hemolysin gene vvhA from V. vulnificus as shown by PCR and hybridization experiments. Moreover, they differed in at least two biochemical parameters tested from the hitherto described Vibrio species. All these strains induced hemolysis on washed blood agar dishes and showed phase variations on Luria Bertani agar dishes. Because of the similarity to the eel pathogen V. vulnificus, we infected eels with one of the four atypical strains (CH-291), but no pathogenicity for eels could be detected. Furthermore, Vero cell tests with supernatants of bacterial cultures did not reveal secreted Vero cell cytotoxic compounds. This indicates a nonpathogenic nature of these strains.  相似文献   

Pflanzenakklimatisation an Temperatur- und Lichtbedingungen in Innenräumen     

Astrid Kubatsch  Christian Ulrichs 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2005,57(4):81-89

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Untersuchungen war es, die Auswirkungen verschiedener Temperatur- und Strahlungsbedingungen während der Akklimatisationsphase auf das anschließende Wachstum von Ficus benjamina und Schefflera arboricola im Innenraum zu ermitteln. Beide Pflanzenarten wurden sechs Monate Temperaturen von 15, 20 und 25°C kombiniert mit verschiedenen Photonenstromdichten (PFD; F. benjamina bei 40, 80 und 180 µmol m^–2s^–1 und S. arboricola bei 10, 20 und 80 µmol m^–2s^–1) ausgesetzt. Nach der Akklimatisationsphase wuchsen die Pflanzen sechs Monate unter Innenraumbedingungen bei 18 µmol m^–2s^–1 PFD sowie 20°C bei Belichtung und 18°C bei Dunkelheit. Während der Akklimatisationsphase führte bei F. benjamina die Kombination von 15°C und 180 µmol m^–2s^–1 PFD zu einer geringen Blattbildung, nicht voll entwickelten Internodien sowie zu aufgehellten Blättern ohne sortentypischen Blattglanz. Das Pflanzenwachstum von F. benjamina und S. arboricola im Innenraum wurde durch die gewählten Akklimatisationsbedingungen positiv beeinflusst. Nach dem Überführen der Pflanzen in den Innenraum traten bei keiner untersuchten Temperatur- und Strahlungsbehandlung Wachstumsdepressionen, Schädlingsbefall oder starker Blattfall auf. Nach sechs Monaten Wachstum im Innenraum hatten sich bei beiden Pflanzenarten die untersuchten Merkmale unabhängig von den Akklimatisationsbedingungen annähernd gleich entwickelt.  相似文献   

Body and claw measurements as well as pressure distribution under the claws in heifers of different cattle breeds     

Huth C  Russke A  Alsleben B  Hamann H  Distl O 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(3-4):150-159

In 56 heifers of the three breeds German Holstein (GH), German Brown (GB) und German Red (GR) the body weight and height were determined at the age of 350 to 550 days in intervals of 6 to 8 weeks. At the right front limb and the left hind limb the claw measurements dorsal wall length, diagonal length, heel length and height, the angle of the dorsal wall and the hardness of the claw were taken. Furthermore, the punctual pressure under the medial and the lateral claw of the right front limb and the left hind limb were determined using an electronic measuring system. The GH heifers weighing 387.3 kg on an average and having a mean height of 132.3 cm at the sacral bone in the course of the present study were the heaviest and tallest breed at the age of 12 to 18 months. GB had a weight of 366.2 kg and 106.2 cm height at the sacral bone. The GR were the smallest breed (126.0 cm) and weighed 337.7 kg. The heel at the front limb was on the average 1 cm shorter than at the hind limb and it was 0.5 cm lower. The angle of the dorsal border was 4-5 degrees higher at the hind limb. The GR had the flattest claws. The animals showed a larger average weight load on the medial claws than on the lateral claws especially of the front limbs. The highest pressures per cm2 were found underneath the rear part of the medial claw in all breeds. At the front limb, the GB showed significantly higher average pressures per cm2 under the front sectors of the claws than GH and GR, while the other values did not differ significantly between the breeds. The GH tended to have lower average pressures per cm2 underneath the claws of the hind limb, but this was only significant at the front medial sector of the claw.  相似文献   

Membranous glomerulonephritis in the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus)     

Jiménez A  Sánchez B  Pérez Alenza D  García P  López JV  Rodriguez A  Muñoz A  Martínez F  Vargas A  Peña L 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,121(1-2):34-43

The Iberian lynx is the most endangered felid species in the world, confined nowadays to two isolated metapopulations in the southwest of Spain, where less than 200 individuals survive. Little is known about the diseases that affect these animals in the wild or in captivity. Kidney samples from necropsies of 27 Iberian lynxes, wild and captive, were examined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IgG, IgM, IgA, laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin), electron microscopy (n=8) and immunogold labelling for IgM, IgG and IgA in one case, in order to characterize the glomerulopathy prevalent in this species. Urinalyses from records were available for 9 of the necropsied animals and blood and urine samples from 23 free ranging and captive Iberian lynxes were prospectively obtained in order to evaluate the renal function of the living population. A focal, diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) that progressed with age was diagnosed in all but one of the animals in different stages not associated to concurrently known infectious diseases. Positive immunoexpression of IgM and IgG was observed in the glomerular capillary basement membranes and intramembranous electron-dense deposits, compatible with immune complexes (ICs) were seen with electron microscopy. The immunogold labelling was also positive for IgM and IgG in the electron-dense areas. The serum biochemistry and urinalyses also revealed signs of mild chronic kidney disease in 16 of the 23 animals evaluated. In conclusion, the membranous glomerulopathy affecting the Iberian lynx is a progressive disease of immune origin. We postulate a possible genetic predisposition towards the disease, enhanced by inbreeding and a possible connection to an immune-mediated systemic disease.  相似文献   

The oligopeptide elicitor Pep-13 induces salicylic acid-dependent and -independent defense reactions in potato     

Vincentius A. Halim  Astrid Hunger  Violetta Macioszek  Peter Landgraf  Thorsten Nürnberger  Dierk Scheel  Sabine Rosahl   《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2004,64(6):311-318

The Phytophthora-derived oligopeptide elicitor, Pep-13, originally identified as an inducer of plant defense in the nonhost–pathogen interaction of parsley and Phytophthora sojae, triggers defense responses in potato. In cultured potato cells, Pep-13 treatment results in an oxidative burst and activation of defense genes. Infiltration of Pep-13 into leaves of potato plants induces the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, defense gene expression and the accumulation of jasmonic and salicylic acids. Derivatives of Pep-13 show similar elicitor activity in parsley and potato, suggesting a receptor-mediated induction of defense response in potato similar to that observed in parsley. However, unlike in parsley, infiltration of Pep-13 into leaves leads to the development of hypersensitive response-like cell death in potato. Interestingly, Pep-13-induced necrosis formation, hydrogen peroxide formation and accumulation of jasmonic acid, but not activation of a subset of defense genes, is dependent on salicylic acid, as shown by infiltration of Pep-13 into leaves of potato plants unable to accumulate salicylic acid. Thus, in a host plant of Phytophthora infestans, Pep-13 is able to elicit salicylic acid-dependent and -independent defense responses.  相似文献   

The mesotendineum of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT)     

Saskia Orth  Carsten Staszyk  Astrid B. M. Rijkenhuizen 《Equine Veterinary Education》2023,35(2):e138-e147

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Dystrophic mineralization of the arterial fibrovascular tissue associated with a vitamin D hypervitaminosis in an 8-year-old female Alpaca (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vicugna pacos</Emphasis>)     

Alexander Tavella  Annalisa Stefani  Claudia Zanardello  Astrid Bettini  Matthias Gauly  Patrik Zanolari 《Irish veterinary journal》2015,69(1):19

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Occurrence of filamentous fungi and mycotoxins in wrapped forages in Sweden and Norway and their relation to chemical composition and management     

Jessica Schenck  Cecilia Müller  Annika Djurle  Dan Funck Jensen  Martin O&#x;Brien  Astrid Johansen  Peter Have Rasmussen  Rolf Sprndly 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(4):613-625

A study was conducted on 124 farms in Sweden and Norway where fungal (all farms) and mycotoxin (100 of the 124 farms) presence was examined in wrapped forage bales. Samples were also analysed for chemical composition, and data on the bale production and storage system on each farm were collected. Fungi, analysed by three common sampling methods, were found in bales from 89% of the visited farms (110 farms). The most frequently isolated fungal species from the bale surface was Penicillium roqueforti. Mycotoxins were present in 39% of the 100 samples analysed. The most common mycotoxins present were enniatin B (14 farms) followed by deoxynivalenol (12 farms). The risk of finding fungi in baled forage samples was higher with odds ratio (OR) of 5.1 when less than eight layers of stretch film were applied, low seal integrity of wrapping (OR 172 at <10 s of seal integrity), higher dry‐matter content (OR 1.17–1.56 per % unit DM) and higher concentrations of acetic acid (OR 47.5 per g DM) and ethanol (OR 3.4 per g DM). Mycotoxin presence was not found to be correlated with any of the chemical characteristics of the baled forage, or with any forage production and management factors. A positive correlation was present between total fungal counts and general mycotoxin presence, but not between specific mycotoxins and the toxin‐producing fungal species.  相似文献   

Concurrent rice‐shrimp‐crab farming systems in the Mekong Delta: Are conditions (sub) optimal for crop production and survival?          下载免费PDF全文

Catherine Leigh  Le Huu Hiep  Ben Stewart‐Koster  Duong Minh Vien  Jason Condon  Nguyen Van Sang  Jesmond Sammut  Michele Astrid Burford 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(10):5251-5262

The Mekong Delta is the most important rice‐ and shrimp‐producing region for food and economic security in Vietnam. Rice‐shrimp farming is practised where salinity fluctuates substantially between wet and dry seasons. Research points to several potential risk factors for rotational systems, but how these link directly to both rice and shrimp production remains poorly quantified for systems that stock and harvest animals year‐round. We examined water and soil quality of 18 rice‐shrimp‐crab ponds, in which shrimp and crab are grown in both wet and dry seasons, in the Cà Mau Province of Vietnam. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that environmental conditions experienced by both rice and shrimp were suboptimal and contributed to low yields and survival. Year‐round cropping of shrimp and crab was associated with sustained suboptimal salinity, intensified by drought, for the wet‐season cultivation of rice. Although rice seedlings were sown in all 18 ponds, only three had a harvestable crop. Low shrimp production and survival was associated with sustained suboptimal water temperatures (too high), salinity (too high in the dry season and too low in the wet season) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (too low). Food availability and quality may also have affected shrimp production. Improving productivity of rice‐shrimp‐crab ponds in the study region may require (1) separation of rice and shrimp crops and improving efficiency of soil washing practices such that salinity conditions are more suitable for each when grown, and (2) management intervention to increase oxygenation of water, and the availability and quality of food for shrimp.  相似文献