Biology of equine piroplasmosis   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

A A Holbrook 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1969,155(2):453-454

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Equine piroplasmosis: complement-fixation titers of horses infected with Babesia caballi   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

W M Frerichs  A A Holbrook  A J Johnson 《American journal of veterinary research》1969,30(5):697-702

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Effects of training and strenuous exercise on hematologic values and peripheral blood leukocyte subsets in racing sled dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Davis MS  Davis WC  Ensign WY  Hinchcliff KW  Holbrook TC  Williamson KK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(6):873-878

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of training and sustained submaximal exercise on hematologic values in racing sled dogs. DESIGN: Cohort study. ANIMALS: 39 Alaskan sled dogs bred for endurance racing. Procedures-Blood samples were collected prior to initiation of a 7-month training regimen (n=39), after completion of the training regimen (19), and after completion of an 1,100-mile race (9), and a CBC, differential cell count, and flow cytometry for leukocyte surface antigens were performed. RESULTS: Both training and exercise caused significant decreases in PCV and hemoglobin concentration and significant increases in total WBC count. In contrast, training and exercise were not found to have significant effects on absolute numbers or fractions of CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes, other than a significant increase in the fraction of CD8+ lymphocytes associated with training. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that training and exercise induced changes in several hematologic values in racing sled dogs. Extracellular fluid volume expansion was the likely explanation for the training-induced decrease in PCV, and acute blood loss secondary to gastrointestinal tract bleeding was likely responsible for the decrease in PCV associated with acute exercise.  相似文献   

Relationship between Biomass Production and Nitrogen Fixation under Drought-Stress Conditions in Peanut Genotypes with Different Levels of Drought Resistance     

S. Pimratch  S. Jogloy  N. Vorasoot  B. Toomsan  A. Patanothai  & C. C. Holbrook 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(1):15-25

The relationship between biomass production and N₂ fixation under drought‐stress conditions in peanut genotypes with different levels of drought resistance is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of drought on biomass production and N₂ fixation by evaluating the relative values of these two traits under well watered and water‐stress conditions. Twelve peanut genotypes were tested under field conditions in the dry seasons of 2003/2004 and 2004/2005 in north‐east Thailand. A split‐plot design with four replications was used. Main‐plot treatments were three water regimes [field capacity (FC), 2/3 available soil water (AW) and 1/3 AW], and sub‐plot treatments were 12 peanut lines. Data were recorded on biomass production and N₂ fixation under well watered and water‐stress conditions. Genotypic variations in biomass production and N₂ fixation were found at all water regimes. Biomass production and N₂ fixation decreased with increasing levels of drought stress. Genotypes did not significantly differ in reductions for biomass production, but did differ for reductions in N₂ fixation. High biomass production under both mild and severe drought‐stress conditions was due largely to high potential biomass production under well‐watered conditions and, to a lesser extent, the ability to maintain high biomass production under drought‐stress conditions. High N₂ fixation under drought stress also was due largely to high N₂ fixation under well‐watered conditions with significant but lower contributions from the ability to maintain high nitrogen fixation under drought stress. N₂ fixation at FC was not correlated with the reduction in N₂ fixation at 2/3 AW and 1/3 AW. Positive relationships between N₂ fixed and biomass production of the tested peanut genotypes were found at both levels of drought stress, and the relationship was stronger the more severe the drought stress. These results suggested that the ability to maintain high N₂ fixation under drought stress could aid peanut genotypes in maintaining high yield under water‐limited conditions.  相似文献   

Fish navigation in the vertical dimension: can fish use hydrostatic pressure to determine depth?     

Robert I Holbrook  Theresa Burt de Perera 《Fish and Fisheries》2011,12(4):370-379

Fish live in complex volumetric habitats, and as such, face a challenging environment through which to navigate. This problem might be simplified if fish could monitor their depth and determine their position within the water column. One possible cue that they could use to ascertain their vertical position is hydrostatic pressure, which varies linearly with depth. Until recently it was assumed that fish were incapable of using hydrostatic pressure to measure depth as they do not possess a mechanism to sense absolute pressure. However, in a recent article by G. Taylor et al., we describe a novel mechanism whereby fish could determine their depth by using the rate in change of pressure mediated by changes in swim‐bladder volume, together with their vertical speed. This mechanism requires fish to be able to sense changes in pressure using their swim‐bladder. Here, we examine fish sensitivity towards hydrostatic pressure by reviewing the literature from behavioural and physiological experiments. This research suggests that fish are acutely sensitive to the magnitude and sign of hydrostatic pressure changes, via changes in the volume of the swim‐bladder. We argue that fish have the necessary physiological measurements to sense the rate in change of pressure, meaning they are able to use the mechanism proposed by Taylor et al. to determine their vertical location. This has profound implications for the study of navigation through volumes, by providing a reliable global cue that fish can use to determine their depth.  相似文献   

Severe pulmonary disease due to multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease in a horse     

Singh K  Holbrook TC  Gilliam LL  Cruz RJ  Duffy J  Confer AW 《Veterinary pathology》2006,43(2):189-193

Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease was diagnosed histologically in a 17-year-old Quarter Horse intact mare that was presented with a chronic history of respiratory distress. At necropsy, the lungs were poorly collapsed and the pulmonary parenchyma contained innumerable, discrete, spherical nodules in a miliary pattern. A few similar nodules were scattered in the liver and the renal lymph nodes. Histologically, these nodules consisted of fibrosing eosinophilic granulomas. Based on histologic findings and the absence of an etiologic agent, a diagnosis of multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease was made.  相似文献   

The molecular cloning and functional expression of the dog CCR5     

Mosley M  Pullen S  Botham A  Gray A  Napier C  Mansfield R  Holbrook M 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,113(3-4):415-420

Activation of CCR5 by specific chemokines is involved in the regulation of the immunological response of leukocytes at sites of inflammation. In addition, CCR5 serves as a fusion co-factor for macrophage-tropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Consequently, several CCR5 antagonists are currently in development for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. The dog CCR5 gene was cloned in order to characterise the chemokine binding site of the dog receptor for comparison across species. The deduced amino acid sequence of the dog CCR5 has close homology to the human receptor (80% identity). A HEK-293 cell line expressing the dog recombinant receptor was generated and immunoblot analysis with an anti-human CCR5 antibody revealed a 58kDa band in the cell lysate. In functional calcium signalling assays, the CCR5 endogenous ligands MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta and RANTES evoked a robust response in the dog recombinant CCR5 cells. In a CRE-Luc (cAMP response element-luciferase) reporter gene assay, MIP-1beta (0.01-30nM) produced concentration-dependent inhibition of forskolin induced elevation in cAMP levels, and was equipotent in dog, human and macaque recombinant CCR5 cells (EC(50) 0.4, 0.21 and 0.47nM, respectively). These data suggest that chemokine signalling is conserved in the dog CCR5.  相似文献   

Science and law. When patents threaten science     

Andrews L  Paradise J  Holbrook T  Bochneak D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5804):1395-1396

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Expression of the limited‐transpiration trait under high vapour pressure deficit in peanut populations: Runner and virginia types          下载免费PDF全文

A. Shekoofa  T. R. Sinclair  C. Aninbon  C. C. Holbrook  T. G. Isleib  P. Ozias‐Akins  Y. Chu 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(4):295-300

Drought can be a critical limitation on peanut yield. A physiological trait that may help to ameliorate drought is limited transpiration (TR_lim), defined as a limitation on further increases in transpiration rate (TR) under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) conditions. The advantage of the TR_lim trait is that it allows plant water conservation to increase soil water availability for use during late‐season drought. While this trait has been identified in peanut, there is no information of how readily the trait may be transfer to progeny lines. The objective of this study was to obtain preliminary information on the expression of the TR_lim trait in two peanut progeny populations. One population was runner type of 88 RILs derived from the mating of Tifrunner × NC 3033. The second set was selected for the virginia‐type phenotype of large pods obtained from mating of PI 585005 (ICGV 86015) and N0808olJCT, both of which expressed the TR_lim trait. A two‐tier screen was applied to both populations. The initial screen was based on exposure of de‐rooted shoots to silver ions. Fifteen runner type and 12 virginia type were selected for direct measures of transpiration response to varying VPD. The results from each of the two populations showed that an effective expression of the TR_lim trait occurred in about 30% of the progeny in each population. While these results do not offer a definitive index of inheritance, they do indicate that there appears to be a strong possibility of transferring the TR_lim trait to progeny genotypes.  相似文献   

Gastric and enteric phytobezoars caused by ingestion of persimmon in equids     

Banse HE  Gilliam LL  House AM  McKenzie HC  Johnson PJ  Lopes MA  Carmichael RJ  Groover ES  Lacarrubba AM  Breshears MA  Brosnahan MM  Funk R  Holbrook TC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(8):1110-1116

CASE DESCRIPTION-13 equids (10 horses, 2 donkeys, and 1 pony) were examined for signs of colic (n = 7), weight loss (6), anorexia (3), and diarrhea (2). Ten equids were evaluated in the fall (September to November). Seven equids had a history of persimmon ingestion. CLINICAL FINDINGS-A diagnosis of phytobezoar caused by persimmon ingestion was made for all equids. Eight equids had gastric persimmon phytobezoars; 5 had enteric persimmon phytobezoars. Gastroscopy or gastroduodenoscopy revealed evidence of persimmon ingestion in 8 of 10 equids in which these procedures were performed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME-2 of 13 equids were euthanatized prior to treatment. Supportive care was instituted in 11 of 13 equids, including IV administration of fluids (n = 8) and treatment with antimicrobials (5), NSAIDs (5), and gastric acid suppressants (4). Persimmon phytobezoar-specific treatments included dietary modification to a pelleted feed (n = 8); oral or nasogastric administration of cola or diet cola (4), cellulase (2), or mineral oil (2); surgery (4); and intrapersimmon phytobezoar injections with acetylcysteine (1). Medical treatment in 5 of 7 equids resulted in resolution of gastric persimmon phytobezoars. Seven of 8 equids with gastric persimmon phytobezoars and 1 of 5 equids with enteric persimmon phytobezoars survived > 1 year after hospital discharge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Historical knowledge of persimmon ingestion in equids with gastrointestinal disease warrants gastroduodenoscopy for evaluation of the presence of persimmon phytobezoars. In equids with gastric persimmon phytobezoars, medical management (including administration of cola or diet cola and dietary modification to a pelleted feed) may allow for persimmon phytobezoar dissolution.  相似文献