Starch availability in vitro and in vivo after flaking,steam-cooking and popping of wheat     

J. Holm  I. Björck  N.-G. Asp  L.-B. Sjöberg  I. Lundquist 《Journal of Cereal Science》1985,3(3):193-206

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Multicenter investigation of hemostatic dysfunction in 15 dogs with acute pancreatitis     

Lindsey Nielsen  Jennifer Holm  Elizabeth Rozanski  Dawn Meola  Lori Lyn Price  Armelle de Laforcade 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(3):264-268

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Values placed on forest property benefits by Swedish NIPF owners: Differences between members in forest owner associations and non-members     

Christina Berlin  Gun Lidestav  Sören Holm 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):83-96

A forest property represents benefits to the owner, the nature of which varies between resident and non-resident owners. Forest owners’ associations can be considered as an arrangement to increase the benefit from forest ownership by helping the forest owner to increase profitability. Thus, it can be assumed that associated forest owners value forest property benefits differently to non-associated owners. This study examines differences between members and non-members, and residents and non-residents, with respect to how they value the various forest property benefits. Responses from a landholder survey reveal differences concerning forestry income, maintaining contact with native locality, and keeping up a tradition in forestry. It is concluded that a challenge for the associations is to develop the organisation in accordance with the forest owners’ dissimilar property interests.  相似文献   

Effect of local analgesia on movement of the equine back     

Holm KR  Wennerstrand J  Lagerquist U  Eksell R  Johnston C 《Equine veterinary journal》2006,38(1):65-69

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Diagnostic infiltration of local anaesthetic solution is commonly used in cases of equine back pain. Evaluation is subjective and it is not known how local analgesia of the back affects horses without clinical signs of back pain. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of infiltration of local anaesthetics on the movement of the back in horses without clinical signs of back pain, and to evaluate the usefulness of kinematic studies as an objective and quantitative tool in evaluating local analgesia in clinical practice. METHODS: The kinematics of the back in 10 clinically sound horses were measured on 2 occasions at walk and trot before and after injections with mepivacaine and sodium chloride around the interspinous spaces between T16 and L2. The kinematics were compared between the 2 occasions before injections and before and after each injection. RESULTS: The range of motion (ROM) for dorsoventral flexion-extension (FE) of the back was increased significantly in all measured segments other than T10 at walk, as was lateral bending (LB) at T10, L3 and L5 after injection of mepivacaine. For lateral excursion (LE), total movement increased at all measured segments. At trot the only affected segment was L3, where the injection with mepivacaine decreased the ROM for FE. After injection of sodium chloride the ROM for FE increased at T13 and T17 at walk. Lateral bending and LE were not affected at walk. At trot, LB increased at L3 and L5. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Diagnostic infiltration of local anaesthetic solution affects the function of the back in clinically sound horses, which must be considered when interpreting the use of this clinical aid in assessing clinical cases of back dysfunction. Kinematics can qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the effect of local analgesia of the back.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary phytoestrogens on plasma testosterone and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in male goat kids     

David Gunnarsson  Gunnar Selstam  Yvonne Ridderstr?le  Lena Holm  Elisabeth Ekstedt  Andrzej Madej 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):51

Background

Exposure to xenoestrogens in humans and animals has gained increasing attention due to the effects of these compounds on reproduction. The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of low-dose dietary phytoestrogen exposure, i.e. a mixture of genistein, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin, on the establishment of testosterone production during puberty in male goat kids.

Methods

Goat kids at the age of 3 months received either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with phytoestrogens (3 - 4 mg/kg/day) for ~3 months. Plasma testosterone and total and free triiodothyronine (T₃) concentrations were determined weekly. Testicular levels of testosterone and cAMP were measured at the end of the experiment. Repeated measurement analysis of variance using the MIXED procedure on the generated averages, according to the Statistical Analysis System program package (Release 6.12, 1996, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) was carried out.

Results

No significant difference in plasma testosterone concentration between the groups was detected during the first 7 weeks. However, at the age of 5 months (i.e. October 1, week 8) phytoestrogen-treated animals showed significantly higher testosterone concentrations than control animals (37.5 nmol/l vs 19.1 nmol/l). This elevation was preceded by a rise in plasma total T₃ that occurred on September 17 (week 6). A slightly higher concentration of free T₃ was detected in the phytoestrogen group at the same time point, but it was not until October 8 and 15 (week 9 and 10) that a significant difference was found between the groups. At the termination of the experiment, testicular cAMP levels were significantly lower in goats fed a phytoestrogen-supplemented diet. Phytoestrogen-fed animals also had lower plasma and testicular testosterone concentrations, but these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that phytoestrogens can stimulate testosterone synthesis during puberty in male goats by increasing the secretion of T₃; a hormone known to stimulate Leydig cell steroidogenesis. It is possible that feedback signalling underlies the tendency towards decreased steroid production at the end of the experiment.  相似文献   

The influence of head and neck position on kinematics of the back in riding horses at the walk and trot     

Rhodin M  Johnston C  Holm KR  Wennerstrand J  Drevemo S 《Equine veterinary journal》2005,37(1):7-11

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: A common opinion among riders and in the literature is that the positioning of the head and neck influences the back of the horse, but this has not yet been measured objectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of head and neck position on the kinematics of the back in riding horses. METHODS: Eight Warmblood riding horses in regular work were studied on a treadmill at walk and trot with the head and neck in 3 different predetermined positions achieved by side reins attached to the bit and to an anticast roller. The 3-dimensional movement of the thoracolumbar spine was measured from the position of skin-fixed markers recorded by infrared videocameras. RESULTS: Head and neck position influenced the movements of the back, especially at the walk. When the head was fixed in a high position at the walk, the flexion-extension movement and lateral bending of the lumbar back, as well as the axial rotation, were significantly reduced when compared to movements with the head free or in a low position. At walk, head and neck position also significantly influenced stride length, which was shortest with the head in a high position. At trot, the stride length was independent of head position. CONCLUSIONS: Restricting and restraining the position and movement of the head and neck alters the movement of the back and stride characteristics. With the head and neck in a high position stride length and flexion and extension of the caudal back were significantly reduced. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Use of side reins in training and rehabilitation programmes should be used with an understanding of the possible effects on the horse's back.  相似文献   

Bacterial pathogen associated molecular pattern and superantigens indirectly induce the accelerated death of bovine neutrophilic granulocytes     

Schuberth HJ  Dahnke J  Leibold W  Seyfert HM  Zerbe H 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2004,117(11-12):464-471

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacterial superantigens have many effects on mononuclear cells (MNC) and macrophages. Influences on neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN), especially by non methylated CpG motifs, gained less attention. Here we investigated whether PAMPs and the superantigen SEA have a direct or indirect influence on the survival rate of bovine PMN. Different CpG motifs, a reverse GpC motif, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SEA did not result in a loss of viability of pure PMN. In the presence of MNC or in vitro generated macrophages (MdM), however, they induced an accelerated dying of PMN. The simultaneous stimulation of MNC/MdM with combinations of CpG motifs and LPS or SEA resulted in an additive or over additive effect: compared to control set ups, only 28-36% of the PMN remained viable in SEA/CpG stimulated MNC/PMN cocultures. Comparing autologous with allogeneic MNC/PMN or MdM/PMN cocultures, it showed up that not only the stimulated MNC or MdM population but also the individual reaction state of the PMN have an influence on the degree of PMN dying. Taken together, CpG motifs and other PAMPs as well as superantigens act in concert to reduce indirectly the viability of neutrophilic granulocytes and hence the functional capacity of an important effector cell population.  相似文献   

No peri- and postnatal effects on calves born after transfer of in vitro produced embryos vitrified by the open pulled straw (OPS) method     

Jacobsen H  Holm P  Schmidt M  Avery B  Greve T  Callesen H 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2003,44(1-2):87-95

The general objective of this study was to perform follow-up studies including selected peri- and postnatal characteristics on calves born after transfer of in vitro produced (IVP) embryos vitrified by the 'Open Pulled Straw' (OPS) method. An overall pregnancy rate of 16% after transfer of the OPS-vitrified IVP embryos was achieved and resulted in birth of 9 calves, with 11 AI calves serving as controls. There were no immediate or long-term effects on these calves with respect to birth weight, gestation length, perinatal mortality, growth rate, disease susceptibility and reproductive performance.  相似文献   

Aggressive behaviour of sows at mixing and maternal behaviour are heritable and genetically correlated traits     

Peter Løvendahl  Lars Holm Damgaard  Karen Thodberg  Lotta Rydhmer 《Livestock Production Science》2005,93(1):73-85

This study was designed to estimate genetic variation in aggressive behaviour of sows at mixing, and in maternal ability for the same sows. The study included 835 sows observed for number of mild or severe aggressions performed (F_A1, F_A2), or received (F_R1, F_R2) during 30 min after grouping. Maternal ability was recorded as sows' response to vocalisation from their piglets when these were handled. Maternal behaviour was studied in 1076 sows as a body reaction (MBR) to their piglets being handled after farrowing. Genetic covariances were estimated using a multi-trait animal model, assuming traits to be normally distributed. The heritabilities of performed aggression traits were intermediate (h² F_A1=0.17, h² F_A2=0.24), but lower for received aggression (h² F_R1=0.06, h² F_R2=0.04), and heritability of maternal behaviour was also low (h²=0.08). Although estimates of genetic correlations had large standard errors, they indicate that less aggressive sows were stronger responding mothers (r_g=−0.3). We conclude that performed aggression in sows is a heritable trait, and selection against aggression is possible without offsetting maternal behaviour.  相似文献   

Coral record of equatorial sea-surface temperatures during the penultimate deglaciation at huon peninsula     

MT McCulloch  AW Tudhope  TM Esat  GE Mortimer  J Chappell  B Pillans  AR Chivas  A Omura 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5399):202-204

Uplifted coral terraces at Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, preserve a record of sea level, sea-surface temperature, and salinity from the penultimate deglaciation. Remnants have been found of a shallow-water reef that formed during a pause, similar to the Younger Dryas, in the penultimate deglaciation at 130,000 +/- 2000 years ago, when sea level was 60 to 80 meters lower than it is today. Porites coral, which grew during this period, has oxygen isotopic values and strontium/calcium ratios that indicate that sea-surface temperatures were much cooler (22 degrees +/- 2 degreesC) than either Last Interglacial or present-day tropical temperatures (29 degrees +/- 1 degreesC). These observations provide further evidence for a major cooling of the equatorial western Pacific followed by an extremely rapid rise in sea level during the latter stages of Termination II.  相似文献