Pharmacologic features and physiologic effects of dopamine     

G Hosgood 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1990,197(9):1209-1211

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In vitro effect of carprofen and meloxicam on the conductance and permeability to mannitol and the histologic appearance of the gastric mucosa of dogs     

Hicks MA  Hosgood GL  Morgan TW  Briere CA  McConnico RS 《American journal of veterinary research》2011,72(4):570-577

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Cadmium‐ and barium‐toxicity effects on growth and antioxidant capacity of soybean (Glycine max L.) plants,grown in two soil types with different physicochemical properties     

Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo  Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni  Giselle Carvalho  Ricardo Antunes Azevedo 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2011,174(5):847-859

The pollution of agricultural soils by metals is of growing concern worldwide, and is increasingly subject to regulatory limits. However, the effect of metal pollutants on the responses of plants can vary with soil types. In this study, we examined the growth and antioxidant responses of soybean plants exposed to contrasting soils (Oxisol and Entisol), which were artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd) or barium (Ba). Cadmium reduced plant growth at concentrations higher than 5.2 mg (kg soil)^–1, while Ba only affected plant growth at 600 mg kg^–1. Such levels are higher than the limits imposed by the Brazilian environmental legislation. Lipid peroxidation was increased only at a Cd concentration of 10.4 mg kg^–1 in the Oxisol, after 30 d of exposure. Twelve superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) isoenzymes were evaluated, most of which were classified as Cu/Zn forms. The SOD activity in the leaves of plants grown in the Oxisol decreased over time, whilst remaining high in the Entisol. Catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activity in the leaves exhibited little response to Cd or Ba, but increased over time. Glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2) activity was reduced over time when exposed to the higher Cd concentrations, but increased following Ba exposure in the Oxisol. The enzyme‐activity changes were mainly dependent on soil type, time of exposure and, to a lesser extent, the metal concentration of the soil. Soybean plants grown in a sandy soil with a low buffering capacity, such as Entisol, suffer greater oxidative stress than those grown in a clay soil, such as Oxisol.  相似文献   

Effect of simultaneous consumption of milk and coffee on chlorogenic acids' bioavailability in humans     

Duarte GS  Farah A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(14):7925-7931

Different studies have shown that milk may interact with polyphenols and affect their bioavailability in humans. The present study investigated the effect of the simultaneous consumption of coffee and milk on the urinary excretion of chlorogenic acids (CGA) and metabolites. Subjects were submitted to consumption of water, instant coffee (609 mmol of CGA) dissolved in water, and instant coffee dissolved in whole milk. Urine was collected for 24 h after consumption of each treatment for analysis of CGA and metabolites by HPLC/LC-MS. The amount of CGA and metabolites recovered after consumption of combined coffee-milk (40% ± 27%) was consistently lower in all subjects compared to that of coffee alone (68% ± 20%). Concluding, the simultaneous consumption of milk and coffee may impair the bioavailability of coffee CGA in humans.  相似文献   

Glucose detection and concentration estimation in feline urine samples with the Bayer Multistix and Purina Glucotest     

Fletcher JM  Behrend EN  Welles EG  Lee HP  Hosgood GL 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(10):705-711

The Bayer Multistix are commonly used for detection and estimation of feline glucosuria by veterinarians and cat owners. A newer product, the Purina Glucotest, utilizes the same enzymatic technology for detection of glucose, but has been designed for home use as a litter additive that allows interpretation of glucosuria over an 8-h period. The objectives of this study were to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the Glucotest and Multistix, and to assess the 8-h color stability of the Glucotest. Overall, the Glucotest had greater sensitivity and specificity than the Multistix, and more accurately estimated urine glucose concentration if evaluated at least 30 min after exposure to urine. A significant lack of agreement between the results obtained immediately after exposure to urine vs after 30 min and 8 h contradicts the 8-h color stability claim, but the change in urine glucose concentration estimation over time resulted in improved test accuracy at the 30 and 480 min time points.  相似文献   

The effect of inhalant anesthetic and body temperature on peri-anesthetic serum concentrations of transdermally administered fentanyl in dogs     

Pettifer GR  Hosgood G 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(2):109-120

Objectives To determine whether moderate hypothermia during anesthesia significantly affects the serum concentration of transdermally delivered fentanyl and whether halothane or isoflurane affect these concentrations. Study Design Randomized cross‐over experimental trial. Animals Six mature, healthy Beagles (three males, three females) weighing 10.6 ± 0.43 kg. Methods A 50‐µg hour^?1 fentanyl patch was applied 36 hours prior to anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced at time 0 (t = 0). Each dog received four treatments: isoflurane + normothermia (ISO‐NORM), isoflurane + hypothermia (ISO‐HYPO), halothane + normothermia (HAL‐NORM), and halothane + hypothermia (HAL‐HYPO). Dogs were intubated and maintained at 1.5 times MAC. Animals in the hypothermia treatments were cooled to 35 °C during anesthesia. Serum fentanyl analysis was performed at ?36, ?24, ?12, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, and 26 hours. Direct arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases were monitored. Results The mean body temperatures (±SEM) during the anesthetic period for the four treatments were: ISO‐NORM = 37.7 ± 0.07 °C, ISO‐HYPO = 35.8 ± 0.1 °C, HAL‐NORM = 37.7 ± 0.06 °C, and HAL‐HYPO = 35.8 ± 0.13 °C. The mean (±SEM) serum fentanyl concentrations (SFC) for both hypothermia treatments were significantly lower than baseline concentrations at t = 1 hour and persisted for the duration of anesthesia for the ISO‐HYPO treatment but only from t = 1 to 2 hours for the HAL‐HYPO treatment. Serum fentanyl concentrations returned to baseline within one hour of the end of anesthesia, regardless of body temperature. There were no significant differences between treatments for systolic or diastolic blood pressure but mean blood pressures were higher during normothermia versus hypothermia during the last hour of anesthesia. Conclusions and clinical relevance Hypothermia during inhalation anesthesia produced a significant reduction in SFC using transdermal administration and was more protracted with isoflurane than halothane anesthesia. While significant reductions in SFC occurred, the SFC were still within the range believed to confer analgesia.  相似文献   

Prevalence of bacteriuria in dogs without clinical signs of urinary tract infection presenting for elective surgical procedures     

JA McGhie  J Stayt  GL Hosgood 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(1-2):33-37

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Alterations in systemic and local colonic hemodynamic variables associated with intravenous infusion of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy anesthetized horses     

Tetens J  Eades SC  Hosgood G  Koch CE  Moore RM 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(8):1240-1249

OBJECTIVE: To characterize alterations in systemic and local colonic hemodynamic variables associated with IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy anesthetized horses. ANIMALS: 12 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Six horses were given ATP-MgCl2, IV, beginning at a rate of 0.1 mg of ATP/kg of body weight/min with incremental increases until a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/min was achieved. The remaining 6 horses were given an equivalent volume of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution over the same time period. Colonic and systemic hemodynamic variables and colonic plasma nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were determined before, during, and after infusion. RESULTS: Infusion of ATP-MgCl2 caused a rate-dependent decrease in systemic and colonic vascular resistance, principally via its vasodilatory effects. A rate of 0.3 mg of ATP/kg/min caused a significant decrease in systemic and colonic arterial pressure and colonic vascular resistance without a significant corresponding decrease in colonic arterial blood flow. Consistent alterations in NO concentrations of plasma obtained from colonic vasculature were not detected, despite profound vasodilatation of the colonic arterial vasculature. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results revealed that IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 may be beneficial in maintaining colonic perfusion in horses with ischemia of the gastrointestinal tract, provided a sufficient pressure gradient exists to maintain blood flow.  相似文献   

Plasma and bronchoalveolar fluid concentrations of nitric oxide and localization of nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs of horses with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease     

Costa LR  Seahorn TL  Moore RM  Oliver JL  Hosgood GL 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(9):1381-1386

OBJECTIVE: To determine concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and localize nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs of horses with summer pasture-associated obstructive pulmonary disease (SPAOPD). ANIMALS: 7 adult horses with SPAOPD and 6 clinically normal adult horses. PROCEDURE: Severity of SPAOPD was determined by use of clinical scores, change in intrapleural pressure (APpl) during tidal breathing, cytologic analysis of BALF, and histologic evaluation of lung specimens obtained during necropsy. Nitric oxide concentrations in plasma, BALF and epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were determined by use of a chemiluminescent method. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were localized in formalin-fixed lung specimens by use of immunohistochemical staining, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPHd) activity was localized in cryopreserved specimens by use of histochemical staining. RESULTS: Plasma concentration of NO in affected horses was slightly but not significantly greater than concentration in nonaffected horses. Nitric oxide concentrations in BALF or ELF did not differ between groups. Immunoreactivity of iNOS in bronchial epithelial cells of 3 of 5 lung lobes was greater in horses with SPAOPD, compared with nonaffected horses. However, staining for NT and NADPHd activity did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Expression of iNOS was greater in bronchial epithelial cells of horses with SPAOPD, compared with nonaffected horses, suggesting that NO may play a role in amplifying the inflammatory process in the airways of horses with this disease.  相似文献   

Unusual anatomic variation of bilateral ectopic ureters in a dog     

G Hosgood  K Salisbury  W E Blevins  W R Widmer 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(11):1591-1592

An unusual anatomic variation of bilateral ectopic ureters was diagnosed in a 6-week-old female Siberian Husky with urinary incontinence. Assessment during surgery revealed bilateral ectopic ureters with a common opening in the proximal portion of the urethra. Ureteroneocystostomy was performed bilaterally. After surgery, intermittent urinary incontinence continued, but was less severe. After resection of a persistent hymen in the 6-month-old dog, incontinence appeared to resolve, but then recurred, and has been controlled by phenylpropanolamine administration.  相似文献