Scientific goals and experiments of the project “winter precipitation at Mount Rigi”: An overview     

J. Staehelin  A. Waldvogel  J. L. Collett Jr.  R. Dixon  R. Heimgartner  W. Henrich  C. Hsu  L. Li  L. Mosimann  B. Oberholzer  A. S. H. Prevot  W. Schmid  T. Schumann  M. Steiner  M. Volken  B. Zinder 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1993,68(1-2):1-14

Wet deposition plays an important role as a mechanism for cleansing of the polluted troposphere. Fluxes of pollutants from the atmosphere to earth's surface can affect soil and aquatic ecosystems. The investigation of the pollutant incorporation into wet deposition is therefore of considerable interest for environmental research. The project “Winter precipitation at Mount Rigi” addresses the processes determining the chemical composition of wet deposition through an integrated approach considering atmospheric physical and chemical processes and their complex interactions. The investigated topics include: aerosol and gas scavenging, atmospheric chemistry (cloud water chemistry), cloud physics and dynamics. The design of the experiment, using three ground based measuring stations at the northwestern slope of the mountain, and the conceptual ideas using case study investigations are discussed.  相似文献   

Both dioscorin,the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), and its peptic hydrolysates exhibited angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities     

Hsu FL  Lin YH  Lee MH  Lin CL  Hou WC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(21):6109-6113

Dioscorin, the tuber storage protein of yam (Dioscorea alata cv. Tainong No. 1), was purified to homogeneity by DE-52 ion-exchange chromatography. This purified dioscorin was shown by spectrophotometric methods to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in a dose-dependent manner (12.5-750 microg, respectively, 20.83-62.5% inhibitions) using N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Phe-Gly-Gly (FAPGG) as substrates. The 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of ACE activity was 6.404 microM dioscorin (250 microg corresponding to 7.81 nmol) compared to that of 0.00781 microM (0.0095 nmol) for captopril. The commercial bovine serum albumin and casein (bovine milk) showed less ACE inhibitory activity. The use of qualitative TLC also showed dioscorin as ACE inhibitors. Dioscorin showed mixed noncompetitive inhibitions against ACE; when 31.25 microg of dioscorin (0.8 microM) was added, the apparent inhibition constant (K(i)) was 2.738 microM. Pepsin was used for dioscorin hydrolysis at 37 degrees C for different times. It was found that the ACE inhibitory activity was increased from 51.32% to about 75% during 32 h hydrolysis. The smaller peptides were increased with increasing pepsin hydrolytic times. Dioscorin and its hydrolysates might be a potential for hypertension control when people consume yam tuber.  相似文献   

高产水稻土结构特性的初步研究     

姚贤良  赵渭生  于德芬  许绣云 《土壤学报》1978,15(1):1-12

随着稻、麦的持续高产,高产稳产水稻土的土壤条件日益受到重视,不少单位进行了专门研究(上海市农业科学院土肥植保研究所土壤组,1975;广东省农业科学院土肥所土壤组,1976;中国科学院南京土壤研究所苏南调查组,1977).但研究的内容多偏重于土壤的农业化学性状或土壤形态的描述,而较少进行土壤结构性的研究.  相似文献   

New dammarane-type saponins from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kuo YH  Huang HC  Yang Kuo LM  Hsu YW  Lee KH  Chang FR  Wu YC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(12):4722-4727

Five new dammarane-type saponins, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,23-pentahydroxydammar-24-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3beta,7beta,20(S),22,25-pentahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(S),22-tetrahydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 25-methoxy-3beta,7beta,20(R)-trihydroxydammar-23-ene-3-O-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named sapinmusaponins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), and E (5), respectively, together with three known phenylpropanoid glycosides (6-8), were isolated from the galls of Sapindus mukorossi. The structures of these saponins were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Preliminary bioassay data revealed that saponins 1 and 3-5 showed moderate cytotoxic activity (ED50 approximately 9-18 microg/mL) against human tumor cell lines (Hepa59T/VGH, NCI, HeLa, and Med) and that 1-5 were inactive in vitro against HIV replication in H9 lymphocytes.  相似文献   

Inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Liao HF  Chen YY  Liu JJ  Hsu ML  Shieh HJ  Liao HJ  Shieh CJ  Shiao MS  Chen YJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(27):7907-7912

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) derived from honeybee propolis has been used as a folk medicine and has several proven biological activities. The present study investigated the effect of CAPE on angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. A cytotoxicity assay of CAPE in CT26 colon adenocarcinoma cells showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability but no significant influence on the growth of human umbilical vein epithelial cells (HUVEC). A low concentration of CAPE (1.5 microg/mL) inhibited 52.7% of capillary-like tube formation in HUVEC culture on Matrigel. CAPE (6 microg/mL)-treated CT26 cells showed not only inhibited cell invasion by 47.8% but also decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production from CT26 cells was also inhibited by treatment with CAPE (6 microg/mL). Intraperitoneal injection of CAPE (10 mg/kg/day) in BALB/c mice reduced the pulmonary metastatic capacity of CT26 cells accompanied with a decreased plasma VEGF level. CAPE treatment also prolonged the survival of mice implanted with CT26 cells. These results indicate that CAPE has potential as an antimetastatic agent.  相似文献   

Evaluation of corn fiber, cottonseed hulls, oat hulls and soybean hulls as roughage sources for ruminants   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

J T Hsu  D B Faulkner  K A Garleb  R A Barclay  G C Fahey  L L Berger 《Journal of animal science》1987,65(1):244-255

An in situ trial (randomized complete block design) using cows, and a site and extent of digestion trial (Latin square design) using sheep were conducted to study the potential of corn fiber (CF), cottonseed hulls (CSH), oat hulls (OH) and soybean hulls (SH) as roughage sources for ruminants. Two feedlot trials with steers and one with lambs (completely randomized design with factorial arrangements of treatments) were conducted to study the potential of CF and SH as energy supplements relative to corn. In situ rate of ruminal dry matter (DM) disappearance (3 to 36 h) and extent of DM disappearance (36 h) indicated that CF and SH were more fermentable in the rumen compared with OH or CSH, with SH being the most fermentable. Total tract digestibilities of DM, organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were above 70% for sheep fed CF and SH diets, and were 50% or less for sheep fed OH and CSH diets. A ranking of by-products in terms of nutritive value followed the trend: CF greater than SH greater than OH greater than CSH. Lamb feedlot trial data showed that CF was of similar nutritive value to corn and of higher nutritive value than SH at the 50% level of supplementation. Corn-fed lambs responded better than CF- or SH-fed lambs at the 70% level of supplementation. Data from steer feedlot trials showed that CF was of similar quality to corn and of higher quality than SH. Dramatic differences exist in by-product feed utilization by ruminants. All by-products tested appeared to have some usefulness as dietary components.  相似文献   

Effects of tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

W H Hsu  D D Schaffer  C E Hanson 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(4):423-426

We compared the ability of tolazoline and yohimbine to antagonize xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in 9 ewes and 5 rams. Once a week for 3 weeks, each sheep received one IV treatment of 0.4 mg xylazine/kg, 0.4 mg xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 2 mg tolazoline/kg, or 0.4 mg xylazine/kg followed in 10 minutes by 0.2 mg yohimbine/kg. The order of the 3 treatments in each sheep was randomized. Xylazine alone caused recumbency for 41.0 +/- 3.7 minutes (mean +/- SEM). Tolazoline and yohimbine shortened the xylazine-induced recumbency to 12.1 +/- 0.9 minutes and 18.1 +/- 1.5 minutes, respectively. Sheep given xylazine alone had head droop for 34.0 +/- 5.4 minutes after rising. Head drooping of sheep given tolazoline or yohimbine was reduced to 10.1 +/- 1.7 minutes and 14.2 +/- 1.7 minutes, respectively. Both tolazoline and yohimbine reversed the bradycardia and tachypnea that followed xylazine administration. No statistical differences in the rate and magnitude of the reversal were observed between the 2 drugs.  相似文献   

Vitamin K treatment of sweet clover poisoning     

W H Hsu 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(3):226-228

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Tissue Distribution of Enrofloxacin in Fingerling Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Following Different Doses of Oral Administration     

Hui-Min  Hsu  Gregory A.  Wooster Paul R.  Bowser 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(4):535-540

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were fed a ration medicated to provide enrofloxacin (Baytrilo®, Bayer) at 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg drug per kg fish per d either 5 or 10 d. Tissue Concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured in liver, kidney, muscle, skin, and serum during the medication period, and thereafter for a total of 30 d. Highest tissue concentrations were observed in fish medicated with 5 mg enrofloxacin per kg fish per d for 10 d. Tissue concentrations of anitmicrobial activity were found to exceed minimum inhibitory concentrations of enrofloxacin for several isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida and Renibacterium salmoninarum . Lower than expected tissue concentrations were observed for the 10 mg per kg fish per d doses, perhaps due to a lack of acceptance of the medicated ration. The results support evaluation of a 5 mg per kg fish dose to treat bacterial infections of salmonids under field conditions.  相似文献   

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Eperythrozoon suis antibodies in swine.   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

F S Hsu  M C Liu  S M Chou  J F Zachary  A R Smith 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(3):352-354

An ELISA was developed and tested to detect antibodies to Eperythrozoon suis in swine. Results were compared with those of the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Antigen isolated from swine heavily infected with E suis was used for both tests. Comparison of the ELISA with the IHA test revealed a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between results. Of 114 samples obtained from 9 swine infected with E suis, 87.7% were seropositive (titer greater than or equal to 200) via the ELISA, and 80.7% were seropositive (titer greater than or equal to 20) via the IHA test. The sensitivity of the ELISA was greater than that of the IHA test. All blood samples obtained from specific-pathogen-free swine tested negative for E suis antibody. Cross-reactions were not observed between E suis antigen and antisera against various swine and cattle disease agents using ELISA. We concluded that the ELISA may be used for rapid and effective diagnosis of infection with E suis in swine.  相似文献