Modification in Feeding Regime Reduces the Performance of Surface Breaking Behaviour in a Population of Captive Rays (Raja)     

G.W. Scott  D.J. Rollinson  S.L. Hull 《Aquarium Sciences and Conservation》1998,2(3):171-174

Surface breaking behaviour in captive Rays has been identified as a potentially abnormal behaviour related to feeding in captivity. The current study tests and supports the predictions that improvements in the methods of food delivery away from surface feeding, to a more natural benthic nature, will result in a reduction in the level of the behaviour. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The presence of two different target‐site resistance mechanisms in individual plants of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., identified using a quick molecular test for the characterisation of six ALS and seven ACCase SNPs     

Ron Marshall  Steven J Hanley  Richard Hull  Stephen R Moss 《Pest management science》2013,69(6):727-737

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Evaluation of action thresholds for chronic rice insect pests in the Philippines. I. Less frequently occurring pests and overall assessment     

JA Litsinger  JP Bandong  BL Canapi  CG Dela Cruz  PC Pantua  AL Alviola 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(1):45-61

Action thresholds as decision tools for insecticide application were developed and tested against the major insect pests of rice at four sites in the Philippines over a 13-year period. Action threshold treatments were compared to the farmers' practice, prophylactic insecticide usage, and an untreated check. Yield loss data using the insecticide check method partitioned yield losses over three crop growth stages in the same test fields. Chronic pests that exceeded action thresholds in 79% of fields were whorl maggot Hydrellia philippina Ferino (Diptera: Ephydridae), defoliators Naranga aenescens Moore and Rivula atimeta (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), leaffolders Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) and Marasmia patnalis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and stemborers Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and S. innotata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Minor chronic pests reached threshold levels in only one site each: rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (F.) (Koronadal), whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Zaragoza) and green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Guimba); brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) did not exceed a threshold in any field. Stemborers were the most important pest group in terms of yield loss. Despite the insecticide check method underestimating losses, a mean crop loss of 0.62 t/ha was measured which showed ample scope for corrective action. But loss was evenly distributed across crop growth stages (0.15?–?0.24 t/ha) reducing the impact of insecticides. Action threshold treatments overall outyielded the untreated check, more so in the two sites with highest pest density. The benefit of thresholds was to reduce insecticide usage, as a cost saving. However all the practices showed poor economic returns including the farmers' practice. Farmers' practice employed low insecticide dosages and timing was not consistent with pest damage, but yields were often similar to threshold treatments. Farmers appear to use insecticide more for risk aversion than for profit. The best threshold characters when evaluated against resulting pest density and yield loss criteria showed accuracies >?90% correct decisions. Future work is needed to improve the insecticide response rather than monitoring tools. Thresholds need to be incorporated into improved crop management, which was often found suboptimal by farmers, to take advantage of the high levels of tolerance in modern high tillering cultivars. Crop husbandry practices which improve yield potential such as selection of longer maturing varieties and nitrogen fertilizer may be a more effective pest management strategy than insecticides.  相似文献   

Effect of inhibitor compounds on Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) formation in model foods     

Srey C  Hull GL  Connolly L  Elliott CT  del Castillo MD  Ames JM 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):12036-12041

The possible adverse effects on health of diet-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation endproducts (ALEs) is of current interest. This study had the objective of determining the effects of the addition of AGE/ALE inhibitors and different types of sugar and cooking oil on Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) formation in model foods (sponge cakes). The cake baked using glucose produced the highest level of CML (2.07±0.24 mmol/mol lysine), whereas the cake baked using fructose produced the highest concentration of CEL (25.1±0.15 mmol/mol lysine). There were no significant differences between CML concentrations formed in the cakes prepared using different types of cooking oil, but significant differences (P<0.001) were observed between the cakes prepared using different proportions of cooking oil. The cakes containing oil generated greater concentrations of CML than sucrose. α-Tocopherol and rutin did not inhibit CML and CEL formation. In contrast, ferulic acid and thiamin, thiamin monophosphate, and thiamin pyrophosphate reduced CML and CEL formation.  相似文献   

THE INTERNATIOVAL CONGRESS OF RADIOLOGY AND ELECTRICITY     

Hull GF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1909,30(774):586-587

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QUALIFICATIONS OF A RESEARCH PHYSICIST     

Hull AW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1931,73(1902):623-627

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THE INTERACTION OF MATTER AND RADIATION     

Hull GF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1929,69(1787):353-354

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UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NOTES     

Hull CL  Baernstein HD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1929,70(1801):14-15

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Ozone pollution modifies the response of sugarbeet to the herbicide phenmedipham     

J. Dixon  M. R. Hull  A. H. Cobb  G. E. Sanders 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1995,85(3):1443-1448

Experiments were conducted in which sugarbeet plants (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Saxon) with 2 to 3 leaves were exposed to a simulated 2 day ozone episode (100 nl l^?1, 7 h d^?1). Three days later, the plants were sprayed with field rate phenmedipham (1.14 kg a.i. ha^?1) and growth analysis conducted 7 days later indicated an antagonistic interaction was occurring. Physiological and biochemical studies were undertaken to determine the nature of this antagonism. Treatment with phenmedipham increased the ratio of transpiration to photosynthetic rates within 2 days of spraying, whilst exposure to ozone had no effect. When the two treatments were combined, water use efficiency was not significantly different from that when phenmedipham was applied alone. In contrast, trends in the membrane permeability after treatment, indicated that the response of plants exposed to ozone followed by treatment with the herbicide, was intermediate between that of the herbicide (high permeability) and ozone (low permeability). Furthermore, when the two treatments were combined the results of antioxidant enzyme assays indicated greater than expected activities of enzymes which are mainly cytosolic, eg. guaiacol peroxidase, as well as a similar increase in the activity of the mainly chloroplastic superoxide dismutase. Treatment with ozone alone and phenmedipham alone only slightly increased superoxide dismutase. Ozone may therefore induce the activities of these protective enzymes. Thus, when another oxidative stress, such as the photosystem II inhibitor phenmedipham, was applied the plants could then respond more quickly and showed less herbicide visible damage.  相似文献   

Potential Nitrate Leaching Under Common Landscaping Plants     

José A. Amador  Richard J. Hull  Erika L. Patenaude  John T. Bushoven  Josef H. Görres 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,184(1-4):323-333

Two Elsholtzia haichowensis S. populations, copper-tolerant (TLS) and non-tolerant (HA) ones were studied in hydroponic experiment for the nitrogen assimilation and plant growth under excess Cu conditions. The results demonstrated that there were surely the differences in nitrogen assimilation and plant growth between the two populations. Excess Cu caused evident decreases in the shoot and root biomass and root/shoot biomass ratio in HA population while no significant changes happened in TLS population. In addition, in HA population, excess Cu also induced apparent declines in activities of nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) in the leaves and roots as well as the contents of nitrate, ammonium and amino acids in the roots. In TLS population, excess Cu did not significantly affect the NR activities in the leaves and roots and the nitrate content in the roots, and apparently elevated the root ammonium and amino acids contents, although it also clearly reduced the GS activities in the leaves and roots. Besides, with the addition of Cu in the culture solution, the Cu contents in the leaves and roots of the two populations markedly increased. But this increase was significantly lower in TLS population than that in HA population; the fact might be partly responsible for the relative stabilization of nitrogen assimilation in TLS population compared to that in HA population.  相似文献