Transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,China     

Tuck-Fatt SIEW  Petra DLL 《干旱区科学》2012,4(2):196-210

There is a growing need for both science and practice domains to collaboratively and systematically seek knowledge-based strategies for sustainable development.In recent years,transdisciplinary research has emerged as a new approach that enables joint problem solving among scientists and stakeholders in various fields. In this paper,we aim to introduce transdisciplinary research for supporting the integration of the concept of ecosystem services into land and water management in the Tarim River Basin,Xinjiang,Northwest China.While a large number of ecosystem service studies have helped to raise the awareness for the value of nature in China,a number of challenges remain,including an improved understanding of the relationships between ecosystem structure, functions and services,and the interaction of the various ecosystem services.A meaningful valuation of ecosystem services also requires the consideration of their strong spatial heterogeneity.In addition,ways to introduce the concept of ecosystem services into decision-making in China need to be explored.Thus,successful integration of the concept of ecosystem services into actual land and water management requires a broad knowledge base that only a number of scientific disciplines and stakeholders can provide jointly,via a transdisciplinary research process.We regard transdisciplinary research as a recursive process to support adaptive management that includes joint knowledge generation and integration among scientists and stakeholders.System,target,and transformation knowledge are generated and integrated during the process of(1)problem(re)definition,(2)problem analysis and strategy development,and(3)evaluation of the impact of the derived strategy.Methods to support transdisciplinary research comprise participatory modelling(actor-based modelling and Bayesian Networks modelling)and participatory scenario development.Actor-based modelling is a semi-quantitative method that is based on the analysis of problem perspectives of individual stakeholders as depicted in perception graphs.With Bayesian Networks,complex problem fields are modelled probabilistically in a simplified manner,using both quantitative data and qualitative expert judgments.These participatory methods serve to integrate diverse scientific and stakeholder knowledge and to support the generation of actually implementable management strategies for sustainable development.For the purpose of integrating ecosystem services in land and water management in the Tarim River Basin through transdisciplinary research,collaboration among scientists and institutional stakeholders from different sectors including water,agriculture,forestry,and nature conservation is required.The challenge is to adapt methods of transdisciplinary research to socio-cultural conditions in China,particularly regarding ways of communication and decision-making.  相似文献   

Formulary of Equine Medicine     

BM ANGUS  LL CALLOW  RJ DALGLIESH  AJ de  VOS 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(3):193-193

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An evaluation of the haemostatic suture in hysterotomy closure in the mare.     

D E Freeman  J K Johnston  G J Baker  L L Hungerford  T F Lock 《Equine veterinary journal》1999,31(3):208-211

This study was designed to evaluate the haemostatic suture as a means of preventing haemorrhage from the hysterotomy in mares after caesarean section. At 2 university hospitals 1982-1994, 48 mares had caesarean section for dystocia, 10 as an elective, and 8 mares concurrently with colic surgery. The haemostatic suture was used in 31 of 66 mares (47%) and surgery period was significantly (P<0.05) shorter when it was not applied. Anaemia (PCV<30%) was recorded in 13 (22%) of 58 mares, excluding the colic group, and the haemostatic suture did not after this proportion of mares that had anaemia. Anaemia was 5 times more probable following caesarean section than vaginal delivery, evidence that bleeding from the hysterotomy is a serious and common complication of caesarean section in mares. Severe uterine haemorrhage was recorded in 3 mares that had an haemostatic suture (10%) and in 2 mares that did not (6%). The latter two mares died of haemorrhage. The suture, therefore did not eliminate post operative anaemia and severe uterine haemorrhage. If omitted, the hysterotomy should be closed with a full thickness pattern that is sufficiently tight to compress vessels in the uterine wall.  相似文献   

Groundfish species diversity and assemblage structure in Icelandic waters during recent years of warming     

LILJA STEFANSDOTTIR  JÓN SOLMUNDSSON  GUÐRÚN MARTEINSDOTTIR  KRISTJÁN KRISTINSSON  JÓNAS PÁLL JONASSON 《Fisheries Oceanography》2010,19(1):42-62

Elevated ocean temperatures have been predicted to lead to a poleward shift in the latitudinal distribution ranges of fish species. Different responses of fish species to increased temperatures might lead to changes in assemblage structure and local species richness. In this study, the assemblage structure and diversity of groundfish in Icelandic waters were examined using data from a standardized groundfish survey conducted annually in 1996–2007. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to define assemblages in two time periods and canonical correspondence analysis to explore the relationships between the assemblages and temperature, depth, latitude, longitude and year. We further used two estimates of diversity, species richness and the Shannon index. Four major species assemblages were identified. Assemblages in the hydrographically stable deep waters north of the country were consistent during the study, while assemblage structure in the more variable shallow waters underwent some changes. For this period of generally increasing sea temperature, the canonical correspondence analysis also revealed a shift towards species representative of warmer temperatures. Diversity was shown to be highly variable both temporally and spatially, and also to vary with depth and temperature. Species richness increased with temperature and time southwest of the country, but decreased northeast of the country. The different trends detected between the northern and southern areas illustrate the importance of performing analyses at the most appropriate scale.  相似文献   

A systematic review of the safety of potassium bromide in dogs     

Baird-Heinz HE  Van Schoick AL  Pelsor FR  Ranivand L  Hungerford LL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(6):705-715

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Basic management of a veterinary practice     

T.G. Hungerford 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(10):291-295

Extract

The first and over-riding consideration in the basic management of a successful practice is to get your attitude right and the attitude of all your associates (veterinary and lay) oriented aright. Earnest solicitude, genuine concern and enthusiastic interest are the attitudes to shape the careers of veterinary success. Don't sell yourself short.  相似文献   

15 SEVERE POSTANESTHETIC UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT OBSTRUCTION IN HORSES: 8 CASES (1993–2001).     

LL  Southwood  GM Baxter  AE Wagner  . 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(6):602-602

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FIELD CONFERENCE OF CEREAL PATHOLOGISTS     

Hungerford CW 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1918,48(1232):148-150

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SOME BOVINE CASES OF INTEREST     

T. G. Hungerford  B.V.Sc. 《Australian veterinary journal》1940,16(5):215-217

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Haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin as determinants of inflammation in dogs.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P F Solter  W E Hoffmann  L L Hungerford  J P Siegel  S H St Denis  J L Dorner 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(10):1738-1742

Assay procedures for determining serum haptoglobin concentration and ceruloplasmin oxidase activity in dogs were validated, and reference values were established. Serum haptoglobin concentration is reported as milligrams per deciliter of cyanmethemoglobin binding capacity, whereas serum ceruloplasmin oxidase activity was determined by use of p-phenylenediamine as substrate. Both assays were used to analyze serum samples from 288 dogs. In each dog's case record, clinical history and final diagnosis were evaluated to determine whether the dog had an inflammatory condition. Complete blood cell counts were performed in 265 dogs, using simultaneously collected blood samples. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was determined for 161 dogs. A positive correlation (P less than 0.01) for serum haptoglobin concentration and for ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, compared with WBC counts, segmented neutrophil and band neutrophil counts, and plasma fibrinogen concentration. Ceruloplasmin oxidase activity and haptoglobin concentration were up to 6 times more sensitive than fibrinogen concentration or leukocyte counts in detecting inflammation. Specificity of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity was comparable to fibrinogen concentration and leukocyte counts, whereas haptoglobin concentration was found to be slightly less specific. Specificity of haptoglobin concentration improved slightly (from 0.82 to 0.88) when dogs with a history of glucocorticoid administration were excluded from analysis. Predictive value of a negative test result (haptoglobin concentration less than 125 mg/dl; ceruloplasmin oxidase activity less than 20 IU/L) and predictive value of a positive test result for haptoglobin concentration and ceruloplasmin activity were comparable to or better than fibrinogen concentration or various oxidase leukocyte counts in detection of inflammation in a variety of disease conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献