从西方国际关系理论看“和谐世界”构建     

李舟 《信阳农业高等专科学校学报》2007,17(3):6-9,30

"和谐世界"得以构建的前提和基础,是主体和谐利益观的形成。"和谐世界"主张以和谐秩序超越现实主义权力冲突状态,以民主、平等、包容性和普适性的行为体互动关系来规范、超越新自由主义强权依附型的国际机制思想,以理性、唯物的国际政治观超越理想主义和建构主义。我们对"和谐世界"的理解,不能仅仅停留在外交政策或文化层面上。应深入挖掘其理论内涵,构建和完善与之相适应的逻辑体系,使之与国际相关理论尤其是西方理论相接轨,并自然融入到国际政治理论体系中,从而拓展民族性理论的世界影响力。  相似文献   

Embryonic development in the ostrich (Struthio camelus) during the first 7 days of artificial incubation     

Z. Brand  S.W.P. Cloete  I.A. Malecki  C.R. Brown 《British poultry science》2014,55(1):68-75

1. Early development of ostrich embryos was investigated in relation to time of egg collection and genotype.

2. A total of 321 ostrich eggs were collected during the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons and the development of the embryo for up to the first 168 h of incubation was described and analysed. A sample of the incubated eggs was weighed and opened daily to investigate developmental changes.

3. In fresh eggs, the blastoderm contained a round, translucent dark area pellucida (AP) in the centre, with a surrounding thin white ring, likely to be the beginning of the area opaca (AO). Fresh eggs were considered infertile if the blastoderm was absent and instead numerous white droplets were present surrounded by vacuoles.

4. The average blastoderm area of a fresh fertile egg was 15.8 mm², increasing to 143.3 mm² after 2 d of incubation. By 72 h of incubation the area vasculosa (AV) was discernible in the posterior half of the blastoderm.

5. At 48 h of incubation the blastoderm area in eggs from the South African Black genotype (SAB) × Zimbabwean Blue genotype (ZB) crosses (104.5 ± 18.6 mm²) was lower than the pure SAB (141.0 ± 10.5 mm²), ZB (161.7 ± 13.5 mm²) and ZB × SAB crosses (166.1 ± 14.2 mm²).

6. Embryo length was 5.01 mm after 72 h of incubation and 14.5 mm after 168 h of incubation. At 168 h of incubation AV lengths for both ZB × SAB (53.2 mm) and SAB × ZB crosses (54.1 mm) were longer than in embryos from the pure breeds.

7. Results from this study can be put to practical use when determining whether eggs are infertile or fertile and also in investigating the age of early embryonic mortalities.  相似文献   

Post-Partum Involution of the Canine Uterus – Gross Anatomical and Histological Features     

DC Orfanou  HN Ververidis  A Pourlis  IA Fragkou  AN Kokoli  CM Boscos  IA Taitzoglou  A Tzora  CM Nerou  L Athanasiou  GC Fthenakis 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):152-155

We aimed to study the normal puerperium in the bitch. Ovariohysterectomy was performed in nine bitches, each at a different day after normal whelping; their genital tract was subject to gross anatomical examination, as well as to histological examination and electron microscopy scanning. Corpora albicans were evenly distributed in the left and right ovaries and placental sites were evenly distributed among left and right uterine horns. Placental sites were initially of dark green to grey colour, later becoming dark brown; their length and height progressively decreased. Height of the myometrium and diameter of the uterine glands progressively decreased. Trophoblast-like cells were consistently observed at the placental sites and on the surface of the interplacental areas, at all time points where hysterectomy had been performed. It is suggested that involution of the canine genital tract can last up to 3 months and is slow. Continuous (up to D84 post-partum) presence of prominent placental sites should be considered a normal feature of canine uterine post-partum involution.  相似文献   

Local eradication of Haemonchus contortus using closantel     

IA BARGER  E. HALL  KM DASH 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(10):347-348

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Serological response to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 infection in a commercial pig herd     

IA GARDNER  JT BOSSɆ  RF SHELDRAKE†  S ROSENDAL†  RP JOHNSON§ 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(11):349-352

Serological responses to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 infection were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 66 pigs between weaning and market. Antibody concentrations were high (63/65 seropositive) at 4 weeks of age but declined to low levels from 8 to 12 weeks. Mean antibody concentrations rose significantly (p less than 0.001) between 12 and 23 weeks. Between 8 and 23 weeks of age, 33 (51.5%) of 64 surviving pigs seroconverted to A pleuropneumoniae serovar 7. Peak antibody concentrations in the seroconverting pigs usually (28/33) occurred at 23 weeks. Seroconversion to A pleuropneumoniae during the grower/finisher phase was not significantly associated (p greater than 0.05) with passive antibody concentrations at 4 weeks of age, lack of vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, or weaning weight. Pleuropneumonic lesions were evident at slaughter in 4 (6.3%) of 64 pigs. A pleuropneumoniae serovar 7 was isolated from 2 of 4 lungs with pleuropneumonia and from another lung with lesions considered typical of enzootic pneumonia.  相似文献   

Ostrich ejaculate characteristics and male libido around equinox and solstice dates     

Muvhali  P. T.  Bonato  M.  Malecki  I. A.  du Plessis  L.  Soley  J. T.  Cloete  S. W. P. 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(5):2609-2619

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The study evaluated the effect of time of the year in which changes in photoperiod occurs on ostrich semen characteristics and male libido. Semen was...  相似文献   

Field-Induced Layering of Colloidal Crystals     

M Trau  DA Saville  IA Aksay 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5262):706-709

An electrohydrodynamic methodology has been developed that makes possible the precise assembly of two- and three-dimensional colloidal crystals on electrode surfaces. Electrophoretically deposited colloidal particles were observed to move toward one another over very large distances (greater than five particle diameters) to form two-dimensional colloidal crystals for both micrometer- and nanometer-size particles. This coalescence of particles with the same charge is opposite to what is expected from electrostatic considerations and appears to result from electrohydrodynamic fluid flow arising from an ionic current flowing through the solution. The ability to modulate this "lateral attraction" between particles, by adjusting field strength or frequency, facilitates the reversible formation of two-dimensional fluid and crystalline colloidal states on the electrode surface. Further manipulation allows controlled structures to be assembled.  相似文献   

Recent developments in the management of anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants – an Australasian perspective     

IA Sutherland 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):183-187

Abstract

There have been a number of significant advances in recent years to the theory and practice of managing anthelmintic resistance in sheep in Australasia. The general principles of resistance management are, firstly identification and mitigation of high-risk practices, secondly using effective anthelmintics, and thirdly maintaining a refuge of unselected parasites. The first of these principles has been updated recently with the findings from a series of farm-based trials in New Zealand, in which the economic benefits of both short- and long-acting anthelmintic treatments in ewes pre-lambing were found to be inconsistent and not always positive. There have also been significant changes to the second principle, particularly given the introduction of new active families onto the market. Evidence continues to favour the use of combination products to maximise efficacy and delay the onset of treatment-failure. Many farmers have readily accepted the effectiveness of maintaining a refuge of unselected parasites; the challenge for researchers and advisers is now to improve adoption of properly designed and implemented resistance management programmes. A recently completed education programme in New Zealand has demonstrated that when this is achieved, then anthelmintic resistance can be controlled, and in many cases reduced in severity.  相似文献   

The ostrich (Struthio camelus) ejaculate--effects of the method of collection, male age, month of the season, and daily frequency     

Rybnik PK  Horbańczuk JO  Lukaszewicz E  Malecki IA 《British poultry science》2012,53(1):134-140

1. Over three breeding seasons on a farm in Poland, semen was collected from 11 ostriches using the dummy and the teaser method to study the effects of the method of collection, male age, month in the breeding season, and daily collection frequency on ejaculate characteristics.

2. A total of 259 ejaculates were collected, with an average volume of 1·28?±?0·6 (±SEM) ml. Sperm concentration was 3·34?±?0·08?×?10⁹/ml, the total number of spermatozoa 4·32?±?0·22?×?10⁹, and motility 4·56?±?0·04.

3. There was no difference in ejaculates collected by the dummy and teaser methods, but the between-individual variation was considerable. Ejaculate characteristics increased with male age and varied between months, with little evidence for seasonal decline. Daily collections for 10 days did not affect sperm output.

4. The results open up avenues for further research on development of a viable protocol for artificial insemination in ostriches and efficient semen storage.

5. The between-male variation suggests that the ejaculate output could be maximized through selection.  相似文献   

Mobility of Japanese quail spermatozoa and its relationship to egg fertility     

Umar Farooq  Irek A. Malecki  Graeme. B. Martin  Misbah Mahmood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2021,56(12):1543-1554

Sperm mobility (SM) appears to be primary determinant of fertility in chicken and turkey. The aims of this study were to extend the concept to the Japanese quail by developing an assay to quantify SM, explaining the basis of SM using motility properties measured by CASA, and exploring the relationship between SM and egg fertility. The study was carried out in three stages: i) males (n = 20) and females (n = 20) were mated individually; ii) ejaculates were collected from 20 males, and SM was measured; iii) males (n = 20) and females (n = 20) were mated individually. In Stages I and III, data were collected for egg fertility, Sperm_OPVL and Holes_IPVL. In Stage II, SM assay was developed and assay conditions were defined: effect of sperm numbers on absorbance in Accudenz solution; effect of Accudenz concentration on sperm motility and mobility; effect of quail proctodeal gland foam extract and incubation temperature on SM at 37 and 41°C. The recorded absorbance of sperm movement was dependent on sperm numbers in the sperm suspension overlaying the Accudenz (p < .001). At 41°C, SM, progressively motile sperm, VCL, VSL and VAP were negatively affected by Accudenz concentration (p < .05). The effect of foam on SM and motility depended on an interaction between the concentration of foam extract and incubating temperature. Males were categorized into low, average and high SM phenotypes. These categories differed significantly (p < .001), but sperm motility and SM were not related to egg fertility. In conclusion, SM assay can be used to identify mobility phenotypes, but the poor relationship between SM and egg fertility indicates a need for further studies on interaction between the concentration of foam extract, incubating temperature, and in vivo sperm movement and egg fertilization success.  相似文献