A field comparison of conventional suckers with tissue culture banana planting material over three crop cycles     

J. C. Robinson  Connie Fraser  K. Eckstein 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):831-836

A randomized block split-plot experiment was established at Burgershall Research Station, eastern Transvaal to compare three cultivars (Williams, Dwarf Cavendish and Grand Nain) and three types of planting material (conventional 2 kg pared suckers, 200 and 500 mm high, tissue cultured plants rooted in bags). In the first crop cycle (P), tissue culture (TC) plants were up to 300 mm taller than conventional suckers (CON) at flowering. Over all three cultivars, TC plants yielded 56 t ha-1 annum“1 which was 20.4% higher than CON plants, due to larger bunches and a shorter cycle to harvest. Cvs Williams and Grand Nain yielded similarly at 54 t ha-1 annum-1 which was 9% more than ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ over all planting materials. There were 30 (1.76%) distinct somaclonal variants in the plantation of 1,700 plants. In the second crop cycle (Rl), there was a significant carry-over effect with TC plants, as shown by the increased vigour and size of the first ratoon followers selected on TC mother plants. Such TC followers outyielded CON followers by 18.6% in the second cycle, almost matching the first cycle. In the third crop cycle (R2) there was no difference in plant size between TC and CON, although a yield increase of 9.6% in favour of TC was obtained, indicating a reduced carry-over effect of TC by the third cycle. After three cycles, the average annual yield increase with TC was 19.4% for ‘Dwarf Cavendish’, 15% for ‘Williams’ and 13% for ‘Grand Nain’.  相似文献   

Intelligent estimation of spatially distributed soil physical properties     

Fabio Iwashita  Michael J. Friedel  Glaucielen F. Ribeiro  Stephen J. Fraser 《Geoderma》2012

Spatial analysis of soil samples is often times not possible when measurements are limited in number or clustered. To obviate potential problems, we propose a new approach based on the self-organizing map (SOM) technique. This approach exploits underlying nonlinear relation of the steady-state geomorphic concave–convex nature of hillslopes (from hilltop to bottom of the valley) to spatially limited soil textural data. The topographic features are extracted from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission elevation data; whereas soil textural (clay, silt, and sand) and hydraulic data were collected in 29 spatially random locations (50 to 75 cm depth). In contrast to traditional principal component analysis, the SOM identifies relations among relief features, such as, slope, horizontal curvature and vertical curvature. Stochastic cross-validation indicates that the SOM is unbiased and provides a way to measure the magnitude of prediction uncertainty for all variables. The SOM cross-component plots of the soil texture reveals higher clay proportions at concave areas with convergent hydrological flux and lower proportions for convex areas with divergent flux. The sand ratio has an opposite pattern with higher values near the ridge and lower values near the valley. Silt has a trend similar to sand, although less pronounced. The relation between soil texture and concave–convex hillslope features reveals that subsurface weathering and transport is an important process that changed from loss-to-gain at the rectilinear hillslope point. These results illustrate that the SOM can be used to capture and predict nonlinear hillslope relations among relief, soil texture, and hydraulic conductivity data.  相似文献   

The effect of harvest date and inoculation on the yield, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of kale silage   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

M. D. Fraser  A. Winters  R. Fychan  D. R. Davies  & R. Jones 《Grass and Forage Science》2001,56(2):151-161

Using new harvesting and ensiling technologies, it is now possible to ensile kale ( Brassica oleracea ) successfully. However, there is little information available regarding the optimum time for harvest. The aim of this 2-year study was to compare the yield, fermentation characteristics and feeding value of kale harvested at different stages of growth, and ensiled with and without a bacterial inoculant. During Year 1 the crop was harvested after 15, 18 and 20 weeks of growth. The yield at each harvest was similar, but as the crop matured the crude protein (CP) concentration and buffering capacity decreased significantly, and there was a marked increase in the water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration. During Year 2 the crop was harvested at 14 and 17 weeks of growth. Again, the stage of maturity did not affect yield and, on this occasion, the chemical composition of the crop was unaffected by harvest date. However, the WSC and CP concentrations of the crop were lower in Year 2 than in Year 1, possibly as a result of differences in fertilizer regime. Each of the silages produced in Year 2 was offered to six Suffolk cross wether lambs, aged 10 months, to measure voluntary intake, in vivo digestibility and nitrogen retention. Neither harvesting date nor the use of an inoculant affected voluntary intake or nitrogen retention by the lambs. However, in vivo digestibility was higher in the kale silage harvested after 14 weeks of growth and when an inoculant was applied. The results obtained suggest that harvesting kale after 14 weeks of growth can produce highly digestible silage with a high CP concentration. Although delaying harvest until 18 weeks of growth will probably result in a decrease in the CP concentration of the crop, it should also lead to an increase in the WSC concentration of the crop, ensuring a more reliable fermentation.  相似文献   

Cannabis intoxication in three Green iguanas (Iguana iguana)     

Girling SJ  Fraser MA 《The Journal of small animal practice》2011,52(2):113-116

This report describes clinical signs and plasma biochemical changes associated with significant cannabis consumption in three Green iguanas (Iguana iguana) which resulted in seizures, cardiovascular and digestive tract aberrations, elevated hepatic enzymes and bile acid concentrations for a number of weeks post recovery. One case required extensive antiseizuring therapy to recover. All Green iguanas eventually made a full recovery.  相似文献   

Concern about dental trauma after invasive jaw fracture repair     

Colmery BH  Hale FA  Hoffman SL  Johnston NW  Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H  Reiter AM 《The Journal of small animal practice》2011,52(8):448-449

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Tenoscopic-assisted treatment of a solitary caudodistal tibial osteochondroma     

R. F. Agass  B. S. L. Fraser 《Equine Veterinary Education》2020,32(7):e78-e82

Solitary osteochondromas are a relatively infrequent cause of lameness in the horse, most commonly occurring in the caudal distal radial metaphysis, with sparse reports in other locations. Their presence adjacent to a synovial sheath frequently results in intra-thecal tendinous laceration and resultant synovial effusion. Surgical excision in combination with arthroscopic debridement of the tendinous pathology offers the best prognosis for soundness. This report details the successful treatment of a caudodistal tibial osteochondroma using a combination of open surgical excision and tarsal sheath tenoscopy.  相似文献   

Examining the effects of balloon control ring on ring spinning     

Zheng-Xue Tang  W. Barrie Fraser  Lijing Wang  Xungai Wang 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(5):625-632

The ring spinning process has been used to produce fine and high quality staple fibre yarns. The stability of the rotating yarn loop (i.e. balloon) between the yarn-guide and the traveller-ring is crucial to the success and economics of this process. Balloon control rings are used to contain the yarn-loop, by reducing the yarn tension and decreasing the balloon flutter instability. Flutter instability here refers to the uncontrolled changes in a ballooning yarn under dynamic forces, including the air drag. Due to the significant variation in the length and radius of the balloon during the bobbin filling process, the optimal location for the balloon control ring is not easily determined. In order to address this difficulty, this study investigates the variation in the radius of a free balloon and examines the effect of balloon control rings of various diameters at different locations on yarn tension and balloon flutter stability. The results indicate that the maximum radius of a free balloon and its corresponding position depend not only on the yarn-length to balloon-height ratio, but also on yarn type and count. A control ring of suitable radius and position can significantly reduce yarn tension and decrease flutter instability of free single-loop balloons. While the balloon control rings are usually fixed to, and move in sinc with, the ring frame, results reported in this study suggest that theoretically, a balloon control ring that always remains approximately half way between the yarn-guide and the ring rail during spinning can lead to significant reduction in yarn tension.  相似文献   

Non-arthropod-borne togaviruses: by M.C. Horzinek. Academic Press,New York, 1981, 1st edn., 200 pp., £16.40/US$39.50, ISBN 0-12-356550-2     

G. Fraser 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(2):214-215

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IMAGING OF A SPINAL NEPHROBLASTOMA IN A DOG     

J. Fraser Mc  Connell  BVM&S  Laurent S.  Garosi  DVM  Ruth  Dennis  Vet MB  Ken C.  Smith  BVM&S  PHD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(5):537-541

An 8-month-old German Shepherd dog was presented for investigation of pelvic limb gait abnormality. Neurolocalization indicated a T3-L3 spinal cord lesion. The myelographic appearance was of an intramedullary lesion at T9/10, but upon subsequent magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that the mass was extramedullary. A diagnosis of nephroblastoma was made on histological examination. The imaging features of this rare tumor and the differentiation of intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary masses are discussed.  相似文献   

Studies on strains of Pasteurella haemolytica not typable by the indirect haemagglutination test   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W Donachie  J Fraser  M Quirie  N J Gilmour 《Research in veterinary science》1984,37(2):188-193

Thirty strains of Pasteurella haemolytica which were untypable by the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test were examined serologically by rapid plate agglutination (RPA), agar gel diffusion (AGD), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and counter current immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE) tests. Nine serogroups were identified by CCIE. Serogroup specificity, dependent on two antigens, was present in heated saline extracts of cells. Single representative strains from two serogroups were not pathogenic for specific pathogen-free lambs.  相似文献