Anaesthesia of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) — Effect of pre-anaesthetic sedation, and importance of body weight, temperature and stress     

Inger Hilde Zahl  Anders Kiessling  Ole Bent Samuelsen  Magne Kjerulf Hansen 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,295(1-2):52-59

The efficacy of the anaesthetic agents benzocaine, metacaine (MS-222), metomidate and 2-phenoxyethanol was studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with average body weights of 10 ± 4 g, 99 ± 33 g and 1022 ± 274 g at water temperatures of 8 °C and 16 °C. The agents were tested individually and as combination anaesthesia comprising pre-anaesthetic sedation with a low dosage of metomidate or 2-phenoxyethanol followed by anaesthesia with benzocaine or MS-222. All agents were administered through bath immersion with an exposure time of 5 min. The different treatments resulted in average induction and recovery times ranging from 52 ± 6 s to 182 ± 16 s and 77 ± 26 s to 659 ± 46 s respectively. Induction and recovery times varied in relation to water temperature and were generally shorter at 16 °C for all weight groups and treatments compared to 8 °C. For benzocaine and MS-222 induction and recovery times were found to increase with increasing body weight. For metomidate the recovery time increased with increasing weight whereas there were no weight related differences in induction time. No differences in either induction or recovery times associated to body weight were found for 2-phenoxyethanol. Acute stress prior to anaesthesia with MS-222 resulted in significantly shorter induction time and prolonged recovery time, as well as deeper anaesthetised fish. The dosage of MS-222 had to be reduced in order to avoid mortality in fish subjected to acute stress. Combination anaesthesia allowed a reduction of the dosages used for inducing anaesthesia and produced markedly reduced recovery times compared to agents administered individually.  相似文献   

Validation of Advia plateletcrit for assessing platelet mass in dogs, including Cavalier King Charles Spaniels     

Tvedten HW  Lilliehöök IE  Oberg J  Häggström J  Höglund K  Ljungvall I 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2012,41(3):336-343

  相似文献   

Influence of nutrient supply on spring frost hardiness and time of bud break in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings     

Fløistad  Inger Sundheim  Kohmann  Ketil 《New Forests》2004,27(1):1-11

When spring frosts occur on recently planted forest sites, severe damage may occur to the seedlings. The aim of the present study was to test how different low levels of nutrient concentrations in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings affected spring frost hardiness and time of bud break. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for one season and supplied with fertiliser containing 22, 43 and 72 mg N l^–1, respectively. The treatments resulted in needle nitrogen concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 1.8% in autumn. After winter storage at 0 °C, bud break was recorded on seedlings growing in the greenhouse, outdoors and in growth chambers at 12 °C and at 17 °C. Freezing tests were performed on seedlings directly removed from winter storage and following one week growth in the greenhouse. Seedlings receiving fertiliser with 43 mg N l^–1 had less freezing injury than the two other fertilisation treatments in the present study. The earliest bud break occurred in seedlings receiving 72 mg N l^–1.  相似文献   

Chronic granulocytic leukemia in a horse     

Johansson AM  Skidell J  Lilliehöök I  Tvedten HW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(5):1126-1129

  相似文献   

Bioactive compounds in cod (Gadus morhua) products and suitability of 1H NMR metabolite profiling for classification of the products using multivariate data analyses     

Martinez I  Bathen T  Standal IB  Halvorsen J  Aursand M  Gribbestad IS  Axelson DE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(17):6889-6895

This work investigates the suitability of (1)H NMR spectroscopy to identify the fate of some bioactive compounds in seafood submitted to several processing conditions and examines the possibility of using (1)H NMR spectroscopy profiling to classify such products. Perchloric acid extracts of cod white muscle from newly killed and (i) unprocessed, (ii) boiled, and (iii) fried fillets and from (iv) frozen fillets, (v) the frozen fillets after thawing, and (vi) their drip loss and from (vii) rehydrated cod klippfish (n = 5) were analyzed by 500 MHz (1)H NMR spectroscopy. It was possible to identify taurine, betaine, anserine, creatine, and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in all extracts examined, and frozen fish was recognizable by the presence of dimethylamine (DMA). None of the heating procedures seemed to induce the loss of bioactive compounds from the fillet, but freezing and thawing did: the compounds were lost in what is known as drip loss. About 80% of the samples were correctly classified using a probabilistic neural network procedure having as inputs the scores of the first 20 principal components of the principal component analysis of a selected region of the NMR spectra.  相似文献   

The distribution of 35S-sulfadiazine and 14C-trimethoprim in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri.     

Torill Bergsj  Inger Nafstad  Kristian Ingebrigtsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1979,20(1):25-37

The distribution of ³⁵S-labelled sulfadiazine and ¹⁴G-labelled trimethoprim was studied in rainbow trout by use of whole body autoradiography and liquid scintillation. As compared to mammals, gastrointestinal absorption and elimination were slow. Accumulation in the skin and the uveal tract of the eye was observed for both drugs tested. The results also indicated that the bile was an important route of excretion. Considerable radioactivity was still present in the skin at 144 hr. survival time.  相似文献   

Parapoxvirus papillomatosis in the muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus): genetical differences between the virus causing new outbreak in a vaccinated herd, the vaccine virus and a local orf virus     

Ugo Moens  Inger Wold  Svein D. Mathiesen  Trond Jorgensen  Dag Srensen  Terje Traavik 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1990,31(1):17-25

Since 1981 a domesticated muskoxen herd had been successfully vaccinated against papillomatosis with homogenated, glutaraldehyde inactivated papilloma tissue. In the fall of 1985 a new clinical outbreak of disease occurred, affecting previously infected as well as vaccinated animals. The purification of parapox virions directly from papilloma tissue and orf scabs collected in a local sheep farm was followed by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. The morphological identity of purified virus was controlled by electron microscopy. Comparison of restriction endonuclease digests (10 different enzymes) by gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the muskoxen parapoxvirus from the new outbreak 1985 differed considerably from the 2 other isolates (muskoxen 1981 and local orf). The latter viruses demonstrated a high degree of homology, but differences were evident after digestion with the enzyme EcoRI. During metrizamide gradient purification minor bands containing morphologically intact virions were isolated in addition to the major fractions. The restriction enzyme digests indicated that the virions of the minor bands differed from those in the major bands.  相似文献   

Effects of different step‐wise temperature increment regimes during egg incubation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) on egg viability and newly hatched larval quality          下载免费PDF全文

Velmurugu Puvanendran  Inger‐Britt Falk‐Petersen  Hege Lysne  Helge Tveiten  Hilde Toften  Stefano Peruzzi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):226-235

We carried out an experiment to determine how rapidly the early incubation temperature of Atlantic cod eggs can be increased without affecting normal embryonic development and hatching. Atlantic cod eggs were incubated at a constant low temperature (4.5 ± 0.5°C; T5 – control) and four temperature increment treatments where the temperatures were increased stepwise from 4.5°C at zygote stage to 9.5 ± 05°C (T1‐8 h, T2‐32 h, T3‐64 h and T4‐96 h). Embryonic cell symmetry, embryonic mortality, hatching success and larval skeletal abnormalities, length and yolk sac volume were recorded. Larval samples were also taken at hatch for histological analysis. Except for higher egg mortality and lower hatching success in the T1, the differences among experimental groups were minor. Cell asymmetries and embryo mortalities were not significantly different between the control and T2–T4 treatment groups. Control larvae were significantly longer and had smaller yolk reserves at hatch than T1–T4 larvae and larvae from T2 had the largest yolk reserves. Tissue and organ histology of hatched larvae were similar. Considering embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success and larval morphology and histology, a gradual increment of temperature in 32 h seems to be the better choice for future developmental programming studies in Atlantic cod.  相似文献   

Transcript abundance of resistance- and susceptibility-related genes in a barley breeding pedigree with partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)     

Sara Mehrabi  Inger Åhman  Lisbeth M. V. Jonsson 《Euphytica》2014,198(2):211-222

  相似文献   

A four nation survey of farm information management and advanced farming systems: A descriptive analysis of survey responses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lartey G. Lawson  Søren Marcus PedersenClaus Grøn Sørensen  Liisa PesonenSpyros Fountas  Armin WernerFrank W. Oudshoorn  Luzia HeroldThanos Chatzinikos  Inger Marie KirketerpSimon Blackmore 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2011,77(1):7-20

  相似文献