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71.
Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis Eirini Kostakioti Prodromos H. Koukoulakis Aristotelis H. Papadopoulos Michalis Leotsinidis Eleni Sakazli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,214(1-4):565-573
Two greenhouse pot experiments were conducted in Agrinion, Greece, using a randomized block design in four replications, respectively, as follows: The first one included five levels of treated municipal wastewater (TMWW), being used as an irrigation water source. The second one, five levels of applied Cl at a constant soil applied Cd level of 10.36?mg/kg soil, the plants being irrigated with fresh well water. The purpose of these experiments was to study the impact of the Cl ?? Cd interrelationship on planning TMWW reuse, for the irrigation of Brassica oleracea var. Capitata (cabbage) cv F1 Gloria, ehich was used as test plant, in both of these experiments. It was found that the TMWW Cl content, originating mainly from the procedure of wastewater chlorination, was synergistically interrelated with the toxic heavy metal Cd, increasing its soil availability and cabbage plant leaf uptake (edible plant part). As this increase is directly associated with the consumer??s health, it was suggested that the TMWW be subjected to dechlorination process or the disinfection be made by ozonation or UV, which do not include Cl. 相似文献
72.
Ioannis K. Kalavrouziotis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,221(1-4):159-168
The present paper aims at planning the treated municipal wastewater reuse in fragile ecosystems of Messolonghion lagoon and Acheloos estuary, which are protected as a Natura wetland under the Ramsar Treaty. The need for environmental protection of the wetlands became necessary due to the continuing anthropogenic intervention, as well as to the climate changes that have been occurring in recent years. Relevant studies have shown that the lagoon of Messolonghion and Acheloos estuary are ecosystems that have been burdened by anthropogenic activities (pesticides, fertilizers, overexploitation of underground aquifers, intrusion and land use change), as well as by climatic changes (temperature, precipitation, sea level), which altogether have adversely affected the hydrodynamic and ecological balance of the entire ecosystem. The Messolonghion lagoon and Acheloos estuary are also the recipients of the wastewater processing plant effluents, operating locally, which have over-enriched the waters with macronutrients N, P and K, favouring eutrophication. The municipal wastewater reuse for crop irrigation grown in the protected area appears to be an environmentally acceptable solution for alleviating the natural water shortage, since it could save significant amounts of irrigation water as well as it could reduce the adverse effects of the treated effluents discharge into the aquatic ecosystem. This study describes the planning of the treated wastewater reuse in this ecologically sensitive area, on the basis of the geomorphologic and geotechnical characteristics, climatic factors, and crop irrigation water requirements grown in the area. 相似文献
73.
74.
刘理林 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2002,(6):17-18
你喂给你的断奶猪吃的颗粒料是不是很硬或者是碎的?颗粒比较硬的优点是,从饲料厂经过长途运输直到达到饲槽中为止一直都能够保持其物理形态上的完整。然而,我们有充分的理由相信、很硬的颗粒料不是幼猪所喜欢的。 相似文献
75.
76.
The effect of the inspired oxygen fraction on arterial blood oxygenation in spontaneously breathing,isoflurane anaesthetized horses: a retrospective study
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Stijn Schauvliege Ioannis Savvas Frank Gasthuys 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2015,42(3):280-285
ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of two inspired oxygen fractions (FIO2) on the arterial oxygenation in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane.Study DesignRetrospective, case-control clinical study.AnimalsTwo hundred equine patients undergoing non-abdominal surgery (ASA class 1–2), using a standardized anaesthetic protocol and selected from anaesthetic records of a period of three years, based on pre-defined inclusion criteria.MethodsIn group O (n = 100), medical oxygen acted as carrier gas, while in group M (n = 100), a medical mixture of oxygen and air (FIO2 0.60) was used. Demographic data, FIO2, arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and routinely monitored physiologic data were recorded. The alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference [P(A-a)O2] and PaO2/FIO2 ratio were calculated. The area under the curve, standardized to the anaesthetic duration, was calculated and statistically compared between groups using t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests as appropriate. Categorical data were compared using Chi-square tests.ResultsNo significant differences in age, body weight, sex, breed, surgical procedure, position, anaesthetic duration or arterial carbon dioxide tension were found. Mean FIO2 was 0.78 in group O and 0.60 in group M. Compared to group O, significantly lower values for PaO2 and for P(A-a)O2 were found in group M. In contrast, the PaO2/FIO2 ratio and the percentage of horses with a PaO2 <100 mmHg (13.33 kPa) were comparable in both groups.ConclusionsAlthough a reduction of the inspired oxygen fraction resulted in a lower PaO2, the P(A-a)O2 was also lower and the number of horses with PaO2 values <100 mmHg was comparable.Clinical relevanceIn healthy isoflurane anaesthetized horses, the use of a mixture of oxygen and air as carrier gas seems acceptable, but further, prospective studies are needed to confirm whether it results in a lower degree of ventilation/perfusion mismatching. 相似文献
77.
Athanasios Balidakis Theodora Matsi Anastasia-Garyfallia Karagianni Ioannis Ipsilantis 《Soil Use and Management》2023,39(4):1403-1421
Sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar was evaluated as a soil amendment in comparison to limed and untreated sludge. Seven treatments were established to two soils, an acid and an alkaline, in three replications, i.e. 2% addition of sludge treated with bentonite, vermiculite, biochar and lime and application of 2% untreated sludge, inorganic fertilization and no sludge or inorganic fertilizers (control). Then, the soil treatments were used in a pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as a test plant. Sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar improved pH of the acid soil and significantly increased organic matter and available nutrients of both soils compared to control. Although no salinity or sodicity hazard was evidenced, the initial salinity of acid and alkaline soil increased by four-eight and two-three times, respectively, upon addition of all sludge treatments, especially that of untreated sludge. Moreover, soil available zinc (Zn) increased by four-eight times. Soil application of sludge treated with the clay minerals or biochar increased the total aboveground biomass yield of ryegrass in the acid and alkaline soil by 133%–171% and 72%–88%, respectively, compared to control and enhanced nutrient uptake by plants. Furthermore the microbial metabolic quotient indicated lack of low pH and heavy metal stress with addition of sludge to the acid soil. After three harvests of ryegrass, the residual effect of sludge on pH of acid soil and salinity, available phosphorus (P), Zn and boron (B) of both soils still persisted. Thus sewage sludge treated with 15% bentonite, vermiculite or biochar could be applied to soils at a rate of 2% (≈80 Mg ha−1) to serve as soil amendment and fertilizer for grasses and pasture species; however, caution is needed regarding possible P build-up, Zn phytotoxicity and salinization risks. 相似文献
78.
Sotiris Stasinos Marios Kostakis Nikolaos Thomaidis Ioannis Zabetakis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(10):1-14
Tropospheric ozone (O3) has long been documented to cause an injury to plants, but a plants’ protectant, widely applicable in agronomical practice, does not exist. We evaluated the potential antiozonate efficacy of the antitranspirant di-1-p-menthene (Vapor Gard) compared with ethylenediurea (EDU) on Bel-W3 tobacco plants. Plants were treated either with water, or by EDU (10, 100, and 500 mg dm?3), or by vapor (1, 5, 10, and 50 ml dm?3) and were exposed either to O3-enriched (90 ppb) or O3-free air, for 12 days and 8 h day?1. EDU when applied at 10 mg dm?3 did not protect the plants against O3, but when applied at 100 and 500 mg dm?3 offered a significant protection to the plants. Vapor, when applied at 1 ml dm?3 did not protect the plants against O3, neither by terms of foliar visible injury nor by terms of aboveground biomass. In addition, when applied at 10 and 50 ml dm?3 caused phytotoxicity to all the plants, which it was expressed as necrotic spots on the leaves’ surface, misshaping of the leaves, or short plants' height. It is obvious that vapor does not protect Bel-W3 tobacco plants against O3. The antiozonate role of di-1-p-menthene is species-specific and probably occurs only under short-term exposures. 相似文献
79.
George Arampatzis Evangelos Hatzigiannakis Andreas Panagopoulos Aikaterini Karyoti Ioannis Vrouchakis Theodore Karyotis 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(17):2232-2240
Water availability is an important factor for irrigated agriculture in the Mediterranean countries, because it affects significantly crop production. Surface soil samples were collected in Merambelo area located in Eastern Crete and analyzed. High values for exchangeable potassium and magnesium values were recorded and can be attributed to intensive fertilization and soil heredity factors. Groundwater quality based on two sampling campaigns performed during two irrigation periods. Three different scenarios were taken into account regarding the height of water application by means of irrigation. The contribution and the effects of nutrients and micronutrients from irrigation water to the soil was calculated, on the basis of the mean determined concentrations and the volume of applied irrigation. Significant variation was recorded in most soil properties, and these differences may be attributed to different mobility of nutrients, erosion factors, fertilization practices, and hydraulic soil properties. 相似文献
80.
Thomas E. Sotiropoulos Athanassios Molassiotis Dimitrios Almaliotis Gethsimani Mouhtaridou Kortessa Dimassi Ioannis Therios 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):575-583
The in vitro response of the apple rootstock MM 111 to increasing concentrations of boron (B) (0.1, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 mM) in MS medium is reported. The in vitro cultures of MM 111 shoots produced the highest fresh mass when 0.1 mM B was included in the medium. By increasing B concentration of the culture medium from 0.1 to 6 mM, B, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of explants increased, whereas potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations decreased. Chlorophyll content (SPAD units) of leaves declined as B concentration of the culture medium increased from 0.1 to 6 mM. The highest peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves was recorded in the presence of 6 mM B in the medium. By increasing B concentration of the medium from 0.1 to 3 mM, catalase (CAT) activity increased in leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in leaves and stems increased as B concentration of the medium increased. The non-enzymatic antioxidant power activity of leaves (FRAP values) increased gradually as B concentration of the medium increased. 相似文献