Colletotrichum coccodes in potato and tomato leaves in Russia     

Belov  Grigoriy L.  Belosokhov  Arseniy F.  Kutuzova  Irina A.  Statsyuk  Natalia V.  Chudinova  Elena M.  Alexandrova  Alina V.  Kokaeva  Lyudmila Y.  Elansky  Sergey N. 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2018,125(3):311-317

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Colletotrichum coccodes is a plant pathogenic fungus affecting different organs of potato, tomato, and some other plants. The leaf infection with C....  相似文献   

Influence of PAH contamination on soil ecological status     

Sushkova  Svetlana N.  Minkina  Tatiana  Deryabkina  Irina  Mandzhieva  Saglara  Zamulina  Inna  Bauer  Tatiana  Vasilyeva  Galina  Antonenko  Elena  Rajput  Vishnu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2368-2378

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the responses of soil biological parameters as indicator of ecological status on PAH-contaminated soil.

Materials and methods

Studies are conducted on the soils and natural grassy vegetation of monitoring plots subjected to Novocherkassk power station (NPS) emissions. Monitoring plots were established at different distances from the NPS (1.0–20.0 km).

Results and discussion

The level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) around NPS is the highest at the monitoring plot located at distance 1.6 km to the northwest through the prevailing wind direction. Gradually, decrease of PAHs was observed while increasing the distance from the NPS through the prevailing wind direction. Calculation of correlations between PAH level and biological activity parameters of soils showed lack of dependence with total and every PAH content in all 12 studied monitoring plots. The most significant correlations were found between PAH content and enzyme activity in the monitoring plots situated through the prevailing wind direction from NPS.

Conclusions

The main pollution source in the studied area is NPS. It was found that contamination of soil by PAHs has a direct dependence on the activity of all biological communities in chernozems, as well as the activities of dehydrogenase and the phytotoxicity of soils. Inverse correlations have been revealed between the PAH contamination and abundance of soil bacteria.

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Comparison of nutrient concentrations in leaves of five plants     

Irina Shtangeeva  Solomon Tesfalidet  Lars Lövgren 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(2):239-247

The paper describes investigation on bioaccumulation of mineral elements and identification of plants based on the concentrations of the elements in the plant leaves. Five native plant species (Elytrigia repens, Plantago major, Urtica dioica, Chelidonium majus, and Taraxacum officinale) were studied. To exclude the effects from different growth conditions and developmental stages, the plants were collected simultaneously from the same site (park in St. Petersburg, Russia). It was found that for all plants high concentrations of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and magnesium (K, Na, P, and Mg) were typical, while concentrations of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) were the lowest. The most significant difference was found between concentrations of elements in monocots and eudicots. Among other species, T. officinale had the highest concentrations of almost all elements. Excellent separation of the plants into different groups which was due to different element concentrations in the plant leaves was demonstrated.  相似文献   

Ancient genetic bottleneck and Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes imprinted the phylobiogeography of European Black Pine populations     

Krassimir D. Naydenov  Michel K. Naydenov  Alexander Alexandrov  Kole Vasilevski  Georgi Hinkov  Vlado Matevski  Biljana Nikolic  Venceslas Goudiaby  Dave Riegert  Despina Paitaridou  Andreas Christou  Irina Goia  Christopher Carcaillet  Adrian Escudero Alcantara  Cengiz Ture  Suleyman Gulcu  Veselka Gyuleva  Srdjan Bojovic  Lorenzo Peruzzi  Salim Kamary  Anatoly Tsarev  Faruk Bogunic 《European Journal of Forest Research》2017,136(5-6):767-786

The historical changes in European Black Pine population size across the whole natural distribution in Europe and Asia Minor were analyzed facing the Plio-Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Thirteen chloroplast SSRs and SNPs markers have been studied under the assumptions of “neutral evolution.” Populations and meta-populations had different histories of migration routes, and they were strongly affected by complex patterns of isolation, fragmentation, speciation, expansion (1.88–4.28 Ma), purification selection (2.09–21.41 Ma) and bottleneck (1.85–21.76 Ma). A significant number of populations (min. 29–41%) were in equilibrium for very long periods. Generally, the bottleneck revealed by chloroplast DNA is weaker than the bottleneck revealed by nuclear DNA. The N _e immediately after the bottleneck reaches between 1820 and 3640 individuals. Generally, the historical effective population sizes shrink significantly for the Tertiary period from 10–15 up to 2.5 Ma in Western Europe (by 82%), followed by Asia Minor (69%) and the Balkan Peninsula (28%), likely resulting from important climatic changes. The rates and frequencies of stepwise westwards migration waves have been not sufficient to prevent isolation between the meta-populations and to suppress “sympatric speciation.” The migration was weak for the Pliocene, but was maximal for the Pleistocene, and finally silent for the present interglacial period, namely the Holocene.  相似文献   

Interaction of minerals,organic matter,and microorganisms during biogeochemical interface formation as shown by a series of artificial soil experiments     

Geertje?J.?PronkEmail author  Katja?Heister  Cordula?Vogel  Doreen?Babin  J?rg?Bachmann  Guo-Chun?Ding  Franziska?Ditterich  Martin?H.?Gerzabek  Julia?Giebler  Michael?Hemkemeyer  Ellen?Kandeler  Yamuna?Kunhi Mouvenchery  Anja?Miltner  Christian?Poll  Gabriele?E.?Schaumann  Kornelia?Smalla  Annelie?Steinbach  Irina?Tanuwidjaja  Christoph?C.?Tebbe  Lukas?Y.?Wick  Susanne?K.?Woche  Kai?U.?Totsche  Michael?Schloter  Ingrid?K?gel-Knabner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2017,53(1):9-22

Our understanding of the interactions between minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms at so-called biogeochemical interfaces in soil is still hampered by the inherent complexity of these systems. Artificial soil maturation experiments can help to bridge a gap in complexity between simple abiotic sorption experiments and larger-scale field experiments. By controlling other soil-forming factors, the effect of a particular variable can be identified in a simplified system. Here, we review the findings of a series of artificial soil incubation experiments with the aim of revealing general trends and conclusions. The artificial soils were designed to determine the effect of mineral composition and charcoal presence on the development of abiotic and biotic soil properties during maturation. In particular, the development of soil aggregates, organic matter (OM) composition and turnover, sorption properties, and the establishment of microbial community composition and function were considered. The main objectives of the research were to determine (1) how surface properties and sorption of chemicals modify biogeochemical interfaces; (2) how much time is required to form aggregates from mixtures of pure minerals, OM, and a microbial inoculum; and (3) how the presence of different mineral and charcoal surfaces affects aggregation, OM turnover, and the development of microbial community composition.  相似文献   

A blind climber: The first evidence of ultrasonic echolocation in arboreal mammals          下载免费PDF全文

Aleksandra A. PANYUTINA  Alexander N. KUZNETSOV  Ilya A. VOLODIN  Alexei V. ABRAMOV  Irina B. SOLDATOVA 《Integrative zoology》2017,12(2):172-184

The means of orientation is studied in the Vietnamese pygmy dormouse Typhlomys chapensis, a poorly known enigmatic semi‐fossorial semi‐arboreal rodent. Data on eye structure are presented, which prove that Typhlomys (translated as “the blind mouse”) is incapable of object vision: the retina is folded and retains no more than 2500 ganglion cells in the focal plane, and the optic nerve is subject to gliosis. Hence, Typhlomys has no other means for rapid long‐range orientation among tree branches other than echolocation. Ultrasonic vocalization recordings at the frequency range of 50–100 kHz support this hypothesis. The vocalizations are represented by bouts of up to 7 more or less evenly‐spaced and uniform frequency‐modulated sweep‐like pulses in rapid succession. Structurally, these sweeps are similar to frequency‐modulated ultrasonic echolocation calls of some bat species, but they are too faint to be revealed with a common bat detector. When recording video simultaneously with the ultrasonic audio, a significantly greater pulse rate during locomotion compared to that of resting animals has been demonstrated. Our findings of locomotion‐associated ultrasonic vocalization in a fast‐climbing but weakly‐sighted small mammal ecotype add support to the “echolocation‐first theory” of pre‐flight origin of echolocation in bats.  相似文献   

Characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dickeya</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pectobacterium</Emphasis> strains obtained from diseased potato plants in different climatic conditions of Norway and Poland     

Merete Wiken Dees  Renata Lebecka  Juliana Irina Spies Perminow  Robert Czajkowski  Anna Grupa  Agata Motyka  Sabina Zoledowska  Jadwiga Śliwka  Ewa Lojkowska  May Bente Brurberg 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,148(4):839-851

Soft rot and blackleg of potato caused by pectinolytic bacteria lead to severe economic losses in potato production worldwide. To investigate the species composition of bacteria causing soft rot and black leg of potato in Norway and Poland, bacteria were isolated from potato tubers and stems. Forty-one Norwegian strains and 42 Polish strains that formed cavities on pectate medium were selected for potato tuber maceration assays and sequencing of three housekeeping genes (dnaX, icdA and mdh) for species identification and phylogenetic analysis. The distribution of the species causing soft rot and blackleg in Norway and Poland differed: we have demonstrated that mainly P. atrosepticum and P. c. subsp. carotovorum are the causal agents of soft rot and blackleg of potatoes in Norway, while P. wasabiae was identified as one of the most important soft rot pathogens in Poland. In contrast to the other European countries, D. solani seem not to be a major pathogen of potato in Norway and Poland. The Norwegian and Polish P. c. subsp. carotovorum and P. wasabiae strains did not cluster with type strains of the respective species in the phylogenetic analysis, which underlines the taxonomic complexity of the genus Pectobacterium. No correlation between the country of origin and clustering of the strains was observed. All strains tested in this study were able to macerate potato tissue. The ability to macerate potato tissue was significantly greater for the P. c. subsp. carotovorum and Dickeya spp., compared to P. atrosepticum and P. wasabiae.  相似文献   

Effects of GnRH or progesterone treatment on day 5 post-AI on plasma progesterone, luteal blood flow and leucocyte counts during the luteal phase in dairy cows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Garcia-Ispierto I  López-Gatius F 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):224-229

This study was designed to test the effects of progesterone or GnRH treatment on day 5 post-AI on fertility and luteal function in dairy cows and heifers. Five days after AI, 32 animals were randomly assigned to a control, intravaginal progesterone for 14 days progesterone releasing intravaginal device (PRID) or GnRH treatment group. On days 5, 7, 12, 14, 17 and 19 post-AI, each animal underwent colour Doppler ultrasonography of the corpus luteum and blood samples were collected for cell counts and plasma progesterone determination. Through general linear model repeated measures analysis of variance, significant effects were observed of treatment, parity, inseminating bull, reduced vascularization of the CL and pregnancy on plasma progesterone concentrations, whereas mean plasma progesterone and time luteal phase day, and treatment and plasma progesterone concentration on day 5 post-AI were found to, respectively, affect neutrophil and lymphocyte counts throughout the luteal phase. Moreover, two binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Based on the odds ratio, the likelihood of pregnancy by days 26-32 post-AI was 23.4 times higher in animals with high mean progesterone levels throughout the study period, compared with animals with low mean progesterone. The likelihood of reduced CL vascularization was 14 times higher in animals treated with PRID, compared with control and GnRH-treated animals. In conclusion, our results indicate that treatment on day 5 post-AI with PRID reduced subsequent CL vascularization, whereas GnRH treatment increased plasma progesterone concentrations on day 12 post-AI, although an effect was identified of the inseminating bull on plasma progesterone levels. Pregnant animals showed higher mean plasma progesterone concentrations than in nonpregnant ones and heifers higher than in lactating cows, whereas blood cell counts differed depending on the treatment and on the mean plasma progesterone concentration on day 5 post-AI.  相似文献   

Humic substances and nature-like technologies     

Perminova  Irina V.  García-Mina  José-María  Knicker  Heike  Miano  Teodoro 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(6):2663-2664

Journal of Soils and Sediments -  相似文献   

A double‐blinded,randomized, methylprednisolone‐controlled study on the efficacy of oclacitinib in the management of pruritus in cats with nonflea nonfood‐induced hypersensitivity dermatitis     

Chiara Noli  Irina Matricoti  Carlo Schievano 《Veterinary dermatology》2019,30(2):110-e30

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