Role of intestinal epithelial cells in the innate immune defence of the pig intestine   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Oswald IP 《Veterinary research》2006,37(3):359-368

The intestinal epithelium serves as a dynamic barrier, which in the course of its normal function, maintains regulated uptake of nutrients and water while excluding potential pathogens. Over the past decade many studies have also revealed the immunological importance of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). IEC have developed a variety of mechanisms to reduce the risk of infection by invasive pathogens or damage by toxic compounds. The effective maintenance of a physical barrier function is dependent on the establishment of well-organised intercellular junctions and a constant state of regeneration/renewal of the epithelium. IEC also participate in the innate immune responsiveness of the intestine by their ability to secrete mucus and antimicrobial peptides. IEC are also able to secrete cytokines and to respond to exogenous chemokines. This review summarises the current knowledge of the innate immune mechanisms developed by porcine IEC.  相似文献   

Public health. Getting HIV treatment to the most people     

S Lynch  N Ford  G van Cutsem  H Bygrave  B Janssens  T Decroo  I Andrieux-Meyer  T Roberts  S Balkan  E Casas  C Ferreyra  M Bemelmans  J Cohn  P Kahn  E Goemaere 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6092):298-300

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Development of a romifidine constant rate infusion with or without butorphanol for standing sedation of horses     

Ringer SK  Portier KG  Fourel I  Bettschart-Wolfensberger R 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(1):12-20

ObjectiveTo determine constant rate infusion (CRI) protocols for romifidine (R) and romifidine combined with butorphanol (RB) resulting in constant sedation and romifidine plasma concentrations.Study designBlinded randomized crossover study.AnimalsTen adult research horses.MethodsPart I: After determining normal height of head above ground (HHAG = 100%), loading doses of romifidine (80 μg kg^?1) with butorphanol (RB: 18 μg kg^?1) or saline (R) were given intravenously (IV). Immediately afterwards, a butorphanol (RB: 25 μg kg^?1 hour^?1) or saline (R) CRI was administered for 2 hours. The HHAG was used as marker of sedation depth. Sedation was maintained for 2 hours by additional romifidine (20 μg kg^?1) whenever HHAG > 50%. The dose rate of romifidine (μg kg^?1 hour^?1) required to maintain sedation was calculated for both treatments. Part II: After loading doses, the romifidine CRIs derived from part I were administered in parallel to butorphanol (RB) or saline (R). Sedation and ataxia were evaluated periodically. Romifidine plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS-MS at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 105, and 120 minutes. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and two-way anova for repeated measures (p < 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference in romifidine requirements (R: 30; RB: 29 μg kg^?1 hour^?1). CRI protocols leading to constant sedation were developed. Time to first additional romifidine bolus was significantly longer in RB (mean ± SD, R: 38.5 ± 13.6; RB: 50.5 ± 11.7 minutes). Constant plasma concentrations of romifidine were achieved during the second hour of CRI. Ataxia was greater when butorphanol was added.ConclusionRomifidine bolus, followed by CRI, provided constant sedation assessed by HHAG. Butorphanol was ineffective in reducing romifidine requirements in unstimulated horses, but prolonged the sedation caused by the initial romifidine bolus.Clinical relevanceBoth protocols need to be tested under clinical conditions.  相似文献   

Ovarian Tumor in a Mare—Thecoma—Case Report     

Nereu Carlos Prestes  Carolina Nogueira de Moraes  Leandro Maia  Isabelle Rayanne Sousa de Oliveira  Viciany Erique Fabris  Marco Antonio Alvarenga 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2013

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Perceived subject outcomes and impact on health-related quality of life associated with diet using the new Food Benefits Assessment (FBA) questionnaire: development and psychometric validation     

Guyonnet D  Chassany O  Picard C  Guillemin I  Meunier J  Seignobos E  Vigneux M  Lassel T  Trudeau E 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(11):1163-1172

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Can plantations develop understory biological and physical attributes of naturally regenerated forests?     

Isabelle Aubin  Christian Messier 《Biological conservation》2008,141(10):2461-2476

With an increasing proportion of natural forests being replaced by plantations, there is a need to determine their potential to fulfill ecological purposes other than wood production. This study evaluated the extent to which deciduous and coniferous plantations develop understory attributes comparable to those of naturally regenerated stands. A functional group approach was used to synthesise species responses in terms of their ecological traits. Multivariate analyses of ecological traits revealed 16 emergent groups that shared common traits associated with a similar life history strategy. Responses of these groups, understory structure, and understory environmental conditions to plantation types and stand stages were analyzed and compared to naturally regenerated stands. Clear associations of trait responses to stand developmental stages and plantation types emerged. Light-demanding and wind-dispersed species groups were associated with early-successional stages, while woody groups, ferns and ant-dispersed spring-flowering herbs were associated with late-successional stages. Analyses also revealed an indicator group associated with old naturally regenerated forest. The understory functional groups and environmental conditions of deciduous plantations converged toward those of old naturally regenerated forests. However, understory structure in deciduous plantations remained poorly developed and richness of the indicator group was low compared to unplanted stands. Conifer plantations, currently the most common plantation type in the northern hardwood biome, showed a completely different pathway of understory development. Modifications to current plantation management practices are proposed to help recreate or maintain natural understory biological and physical attributes.  相似文献   

Plant and spider communities benefit differently from the presence of planted hedgerows in highway verges     

Isabelle Le Viol  Romain Julliard  Louis de Redon  Nathalie Machon 《Biological conservation》2008,141(6):1581-1590

Road verges should play a crucial role as a refuge for native flora and fauna in human dominated landscapes. However, the influence of construction choices, such as plantation of woody species, on the biodiversity supported by roadsides has received little attention, although the presence of hedgerows in roadsides is likely to enhance their role as a refuge, notably for woodland species. Using standardised methods, we assessed the impact of planted hedgerows on two taxonomic groups (plants and spiders) inhabiting highway verges within an intensive agricultural landscape. We examined community richness, taxonomic and functional composition in sites with and without planted hedgerows. At the site level, the response of plant and spider communities to the presence of planted hedgerows differed markedly: hedgerows were associated with significantly higher plant richness (higher α-diversity), but similar spider richness. Plant communities in sites without hedgerows appeared as a subset of communities in sites with hedgerows, whereas spider communities in non-planted sites were complementary to that of planted sites (increased β-diversity). The presence of planted hedgerows was also associated with increased taxonomic and functional trait diversity at the landscape level (γ-diversity), through an increased β-diversity in both plants and spiders. Our results thus suggest that a mosaic of planted hedgerows and grassland habitats is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity at a landscape scale. By providing information for road practitioners and policy makers regarding their potential impact on biodiversity, these results have important direct implications for the management of road networks.  相似文献   

Vacuum Drying for Extending Litchi Shelf-Life: Vitamin C,Total Phenolics,Texture and Shelf-Life Assessment     

Felipe Richter Reis  Aline Caroline de Oliveira  Gabriella Giani Pieretti Gadelha  Marcela Breves de Abreu  Hillary Isabelle Soares 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2017,72(2):120-125

In an attempt to obtain shelf-stable litchi fruit with preserved nutritional quality and good sensory features, quarters of peeled and pitted fruits were vacuum dried at 50, 60 and 70 °C at a constant pressure of 8.0 kPa. The product was assessed for its vitamin C, total phenolics and texture (hardness). In addition, the product with the best texture was assessed for its shelf-life by means of accelerated testing. Results suggest that vacuum dried litchi retained almost 70% of the vitamin C and total phenolics when compared to frozen fruits (control). Vitamin C and phenolic compounds content significantly decreased with drying, while no difference was found between different drying temperatures. Hardness increased with drying temperature. The sample dried at 70 °C presented crispness, which is a desired quality feature in dried fruit products. This sample was subjected to shelf-life evaluation, whose result suggests a shelf-life of eight months at 23 °C. Total color change (CIE ΔE₀₀) was the expiry criterion. Vacuum drying was a suitable technique for producing shelf-stable litchi fruit with good texture while preserving its desirable original nutrients. Consumption of vacuum dried litchi may be beneficial to health due to its remarkable content of phenolic compounds and vitamin C.  相似文献   

免疫系统乃霉菌毒素攻击的目标——霉菌毒素损害猪的健康     

罗兰 《养猪》2008,(5)

霉菌毒素是由生长在动物饲料和人类食品上的真菌所产生的结构各异的二级代谢产物.动物摄入中等至高剂量霉菌毒素引起的临床中毒综合征已有详细描述.  相似文献   

Phenotype of macular corneal dystrophy in Labrador Retrievers: A multicenter study     

Claudia Busse  Christiane Kafarnik  Rose Linn‐Pearl  Christelle Volmer  Kaspar Matiasek  Johana E. Premont  Thomas Dulaurent  Jean‐Yves Douet  Ida Gilbert  Sari Jalomäki  Katrin Trost  Pierre‐Francois Isard  Ryan Boyd  Isabelle Raymond 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2019,22(3):294-304

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