Energy analysis of irrigation delivery systems: monitoring and evaluation of proposed measures for improving energy efficiency   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

M. A. Moreno  J. F. Ortega  J. I. Córcoles  A. Martínez  J. M. Tarjuelo 《Irrigation Science》2010,28(5):445-460

In Spain, the Ministry of Industry is implementing actions for analyzing the energy efficiency of Water User Associations (WUAs) by using energy indicators and proposing measures to improve the use of energy. The main objective of this work was to develop tools to improve energy efficiency in WUAs. These tools were validated by utilizing them in the energy analysis of 15 WUAs located in Castilla-La Mancha Region (Spain) during the 2007 irrigation season. These tools were also utilized for the proposal of measures to improve the use of energy. The proposed measures were monitored and evaluated in 7 of the 15 WUAs during the 2008 irrigation season. The developed tools were integrated into a Decision Support System for performing energy analysis and for proposing measures of energy efficiency improvement. In most of the study cases, an improvement of the energy efficiency after the implementation of the proposed measures was detected, with an average energy saving of the 10.2%.  相似文献   

Mechanisms of glyphosate resistance and response to alternative herbicide‐based management in populations of the three Conyza species introduced in southern Spain          下载免费PDF全文

Ignacio Amaro‐Blanco  Pablo Tomás Fernández‐Moreno  María Dolores Osuna‐Ruiz  Fernando Bastida  Rafael De Prado 《Pest management science》2018,74(8):1925-1937

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Baseline susceptibility of Mediterranean strains of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) to cyantraniliprole          下载免费PDF全文

Inmaculada Moreno  Ana Belando  Carolina Grávalos  Pablo Bielza 《Pest management science》2018,74(7):1552-1557

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Performance of a photo‐heterotrophic,hypersaline system for intensive cultivation of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with minimal water replacement in lined ponds using a stochastic approach          下载免费PDF全文

Luis Daniel Moreno‐Figueroa  José Naranjo‐Páramo  Alfredo Hernández‐Llamas  Mayra Vargas‐Mendieta  José Andrés Hernández‐Gurrola  Humberto Villarreal‐Colmenares 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):57-67

The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in an intensive photo‐heterotrophic hypersaline system with minimal seawater replacement, and establish relationships between parameters of a stochastic production model and relevant water quality variables. Six experimental 1000 m² lined ponds were stocked at a density of 120 shrimp m^?2 for a 105‐day trial. Salinity increased from 37 to 45 ± 2 g/L, and the water level was maintained with the weekly addition of filtered seawater, equivalent to 1.6% per day. The stochastic model predicted that, at harvest, there is 95% confidence that the system produces between 12.1 and 14.7 t/ha with a mean final individual weight of 13.1 g and a mean survival of 84.2%. Sensitivity analyses showed that dissolved oxygen and individual final weight of shrimp were the main variables influencing yield variance. Nitrogenous compounds were maintained between optimal cultivation levels (NH₃–NH₄⁺ = 0.73 ± 0.43 mg/L, N–NO₂^? = 0.09 ± 0.05 mg/L, N–NO₃^? = 3.22 ± 0.11 mg/L). Heterotrophic bacteria (6.6 ± 3.4 × 10⁵ CFU/ml) and chlorophyll‐α concentration (108.5 ± 80.2 μg/L) showed a similar development pattern, indicating a strong relationship between bacteria and microalgae during cultivation. Vibrio spp. concentrations were low (1.24 ± 1.42 × 10³ CFU/ml). It was shown that the photo‐heterotrophic system could be used in hypersaline conditions, typical of semi‐arid regions, to consistently produce between 12.1 and 14.7 t/ha in 15 weeks.  相似文献   

Grasslands in ‘Old World’ and ‘New World’ Mediterranean‐climate zones: past trends,current status and future research priorities          下载免费PDF全文

C. Porqueddu  S. Ates  M. Louhaichi  A. P. Kyriazopoulos  G. Moreno  A. del Pozo  C. Ovalle  M. A. Ewing  P. G. H. Nichols 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(1):1-35

Despite their ecological, economic and social importance, grasslands in areas with Mediterranean climates continue to receive limited scientific, political and media attention. The main objectives of this review are to compare and contrast dryland grasslands in the ‘Old World’ regions of the Mediterranean basin (southern Europe, western Asia and North Africa) with those of ‘New World’ regions with Mediterranean climates (Australia and Chile) and to identify common research priorities. The common characteristics and differences in climate, soils, native vegetation, importance of the livestock sector and the socio‐economic background for the different Mediterranean environments are examined. Past trends and the current status of temporary and permanent Mediterranean grasslands are also described. Some common issues between these regions are as follows: (i) adaptation to climate change; (ii) increasing persistence and drought survival of both annual and perennial species; (iii) the important role of forage legumes; (iv) maintaining grassland plant diversity; and (v) improved ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, control of soil erosion and wildfires, and preservation of both wild and domestic biodiversity. The favourable climate in these regions, which allows year‐round grazing and the growth of legumes, should be exploited to improve the sustainability of grassland‐based, extensive farming systems and the quality of their animal products, while at the same time improving ecosystem services. The decreasing support for grassland research and development programmes requires increased international scientific and technical cooperation among the few institutions operating in the different Mediterranean‐climate areas of the World to provide innovative and sustainable solutions to farmers.  相似文献   

Testing the applicability of BIOME-BGC to simulate beech gross primary production in Europe using a new continental weather dataset     

Marta Chiesi  Gherardo Chirici  Marco Marchetti  Hubert Hasenauer  Adam Moreno  Alexander Knohl  Giorgio Matteucci  Kim Pilegaard  André Granier  Bernard Longdoz  Fabio Maselli 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(3):713-727

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Assessment of Anthropogenic Impacts on the Water Quality of Marreco River,Brazil, Based on Principal Component Analysis and Toxicological Assays     

Soraya Moreno Palácio  Fernando Rodolfo Espinoza-Quiñones  Aline Roberta de Pauli  Pitágoras Augusto Piana  Caroline Bressan Queiroz  Simony Camila Fabris  Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen  Márcia Teresinha Veit 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(9):307

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Microhabitat effects on herbaceous nutrient concentrations at the community and species level in Mediterranean open woodlands: the role of species composition          下载免费PDF全文

V. Rolo  D. Rivest  M. L. López-Díaz  G. Moreno 《Grass and Forage Science》2015,70(2):219-228

The presence of a woody canopy in open oak woodlands affects not only the nutrition but also the species composition of the herbaceous community. Yet, the contribution of both effects (changes in nutrient concentrations and species composition) to total resources that are captured by the herbaceous community is not well understood. We assessed the mineral nutrition (N, P, K and Ca) of three herbaceous species and the herbaceous community as well as the species composition in contrasting microhabitats (beneath trees, beneath a leguminous shrub and in open spaces). Both trees and shrubs increased the nutrient concentrations of the herbaceous species that were studied, except for Taraxacum officinale. Their effects were less consistent when the entire community was considered and depended upon the nutrient being analysed. Species richness and N, P and K concentrations were positively associated, suggesting that more nutrients are captured by the herbaceous community as diversity increases. Our results suggest a close relationship between species composition and nutritional value at the community level that may explain the discrepancies observed between both levels of analysis (species vs. community). Thus, farm-level strategies based on the whole herbaceous community may overlook processes operating at the species level, which can be relevant to achieve sustainable management.  相似文献   

Conservation tillage: Short- and long-term effects on soil carbon fractions and enzymatic activities under Mediterranean conditions   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Sebastiana Melero  Rosa Lpez-Garrido  Jos Manuel Murillo  Flix Moreno 《Soil & Tillage Research》2009,104(2):292-298

Short- and long-term field experiments are necessary to provide important information about how soil carbon sequestration is affected by soil tillage system; such systems can also be useful for developing sustainable crop production systems. In this study, we evaluated the short- and long-term effects of conservation tillage (CT) on soil organic carbon fractions and biological properties in a sandy clay loam soil. Both trials consisted of rainfed crop rotation systems (cereal–sunflower–legumes) located in semi-arid SW Spain. In both trials, results were compared to those obtained using traditional tillage (TT). Soil samples were taken in flowering and after harvesting of a pea crop and collected at three depths (0–5, 5–10 and 10–20 cm). The soil organic carbon fractions were measured by the determination of total organic carbon (TOC), active carbon (AC) and water soluble carbon (WSC). Biological status was evaluated by the measurement of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzymatic activities [dehydrogenase activity (DHA), o-diphenol oxidase activity (DphOx), and β-glucosidase activity (β-glu)].The contents of AC and MBC in the long-term trial and contents of AC in the short-term trial were higher for CT than TT at 0–5 cm depth for both sampling periods. Furthermore, DHA and β-glucosidase values in the July sampling were higher in the topsoil under conservation management in both trials (short- and long-term). The parameters studied tended to decrease as depth increased for both tillage system (TT and CT) and in both trials with the exception of the DphOx values, which tended to be higher at deeper layers.Values of DHA and β-glu presented high correlation coefficients (r from 0.338 to 0.751, p ≤ 0.01) with AC, WSC and TOC values in the long-term trial. However, there was no correlation between either TOC or MBC and the other parameters in the short-term trial. In general, only stratification ratios of AC were higher in CT than in TT in both trials. The results of this study showed that AC content was the most sensitive and reliable indicator for assessing the impact of different soil management on soil quality in the two experiments (short- and long-term).Conservation management in dryland farming systems improved the quality of soil under our conditions, especially at the surface layers, by enhancing its storage of organic matter and its biological properties, mainly to long-term.  相似文献   

The horizontal barrier effect of stems on the foraging behaviour of cattle grazing five tropical grasses     

Marcelo A. Benvenutti  Iain J. Gordon  Dennis P. Poppi  Robert Crowther  Warwick Spinks  Fabiana C. Moreno   《Livestock Science》2009,126(1-3):229-238

The rate of nutrient intake (RNI) is a primary determinant of animal performance in grazing cattle and depends on both diet quality and instantaneous intake rate (IIR). In turn, diet quality and IIR are a function of the foraging behaviour of the animal (selectivity, bite mass and bite rate) and the characteristics of the sward. In this study we evaluated the effect of the stem density and the tensile resistance of stems on the foraging behaviour of cattle grazing tropical pasture species. The methodology involved the use of small sown microswards offered to tethered cattle. The experiment consisted of a factorial combination of five tropical grasses [Bothriochloa pertusa (Bp), Chloris barbata (Cb), Chloris gayana (Cg), Cynodon dactylon (Cd) and Heteropogon contortus (Hc)] and three stem densities (0, 400 and 800 stems m^− 2). Bp and Cd had stems of significantly lower tensile resistance (19 and 15 N respectively) (Group 1) than those of Cb, Cg and Hc (110, 211 and 167 N respectively) (Group 2). The steers avoided stems of Group 2 and thus, reduced bite area, bite mass, IIR and RNI as stem density increased. However, the animals did not avoid stems of Group 1 and there was no effect of stem density on any of the foraging behaviour variables when cattle grazed species in Group 1. These results confirm that RNI and plant part selection is closely associated with the tensile resistance of the stem.  相似文献