The experience of new European Union Member States concerning the control of bovine tuberculosis     

Pavlik I 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,112(2-4):221-230

On 1 May 2004, 10 new States joined the European Union, including Cyprus (CY), the Czech Republic (CR), Estonia (ES), Hungary (HU), Latvia (LA), Lithuania (LI), Malta (MA), Poland (PO), Slovakia (SK), and Slovenia (SN). Using OIE and published data, this paper summarises the status of bovine and human tuberculosis in animals in these countries between 1996 and 2003. National control programmes against bovine tuberculosis in cattle have been successful: the current herd incidence of this disease in cattle is currently lower than 0.2%, so all countries meet the OIE requirements for freedom from the disease. Furthermore, two countries have already been officially declared bovine tuberculosis-free EU States: the CR on 31 March 2004 (European Commission Decision No. 2004/320/EC) and SK on 4 March 2005 (Commission Decision No. 2005/179/EC). The last outbreak of bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed in cattle in CY (1928), ES (1986), LA (1989), SK (1993), CR (1995), and MA (2001). However, several issues of concern remain including the potential existence of a wildlife reservoir, the presence of Mycobacterium bovis, M. caprae, and other members of the M. tuberculosis complex (particularly M. tuberculosis or M. microti) in imported domestic or wild animals, and the potential for delayed detection of bovine tuberculosis in those States where annual tuberculin testing is no longer performed on cattle older than 24 months.  相似文献   

Localization of Helicobacter spp. in the fundic mucosa of laboratory Beagle dogs: an ultrastructural study     

Lanzoni A  Faustinelli I  Cristofori P  Luini M  Simpson KW  Scanziani E  Recordati C 《Veterinary research》2011,42(1):42

ABSTRACT: In dogs Helicobacter spp. are found in all gastric regions usually localized in the surface mucus, gastric glands and parietal cells. The aim of this study was to detail the distribution of Helicobacter spp. in the fundic mucosa of asymptomatic Beagle dogs and their intracellular localization within parietal cells, in order to evaluate species-specific pathogenetic effects on gastric cells. The presence of Helicobacter spp. was investigated by immunohistochemistry, TEM, and PCR in the fundic mucosa of six Beagle dogs. Helicobacter spp. were found in all dogs examined, and H. bizzozeronii and H. felis were identified by PCR and confirmed by TEM. In the lumen of the fundic glands, co-localization was common. H. bizzozeronii was present in larger numbers than H. felis in both intraluminal and intraparietal localization. The amounts of H. bizzozeronii were similar in superficial and basal portions of the glands. H. felis was predominantly localized in the superficial portions of gastric glands but almost absent from the base. Within parietal cells, most Helicobacter organisms were intracanalicular, but intact and degenerate Helicobacter organisms were also visualized free in the cytoplasm or in secondary lysosomes. No specific degenerative lesions were found in infected parietal cells. Helicobacter organisms were also observed within macrophages in the lamina propria. In conclusion, there is a differential distribution of H. bizzozeronii and H. felis in the fundic mucosa of Beagle dogs, and their intracellular localization in parietal cells and macrophages suggests novel pathogenic scenarios for the development of immune response and maintenance of chronic gastritis in dogs.  相似文献   

Results of supervision by COKZ on practicing PBB (periodic business visits)     

Muller I 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2008,133(9):399

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Crop-weed competition changes the decomposition of soil organic matter fractions in the rhizosphere     

Christiano Matos  Rafael Teixeira  Ivo Silva  Antônio Silva 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(11):1507-1520

ABSTRACT

Certain plant combinations can stimulate the mineralization of soil organic matter (SOM), thereby changing the storage of soil organic carbon and affecting the physical and chemical soil properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether competition between weeds and maize can stimulate SOM decomposition. Eight treatments were performed: monoculture of maize and weeds (Amaranthus viridis, Bidens pilosa, and Ipomoea grandifolia), maize in competition with weeds, and non-cultivated soil. During cultivation, the rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) on SOM was estimated. Additionally, at 60 days after planting, soil samples were collected to measure the C contents of particulate (POM) and mineral-associated (MAOM) organic matter. From the 43^rd day of cultivation onwards, the coexistence between maize and B. pilosa led to the highest RPE values, while maize vs. A. viridis showed negative RPE. Maize vs. A. viridis and maize vs. I. grandifolia caused increase in MAOM-C and decreases in POM-C. Ipomoea grandifolia monoculture and maize vs. B. pilosa led to the highest MAOM-C losses and reduced POM-C compared to the non-cultivated soils. Here it is demonstrated that competition between maize and B. pilosa increases SOM mineralization, while competition between maize and A. viridis or I. grandifolia retards this process.  相似文献   

Voorjaarsdagen 2007: an amicable and educational horse program     

Muller I 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(11):453-454

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The Impact of Bioturbation by Small Mammals on Heavy Metal Redistribution in an Embanked Floodplain of the River Rhine     

Sander Wijnhoven  Ivo Thonon  Gerard Van Der Velde  Rob Leuven  Mathilde Zorn  Herman Eijsackers  Toine Smits 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,177(1-4):183-210

Floodplains along large European rivers are diffusely polluted with heavy metals due to emissions in the past. Because of low mobility of heavy metals in floodplain soils and improvements of water quality, these pollutants will remain in place, and can gradually become covered with less contaminated sediments. Bioturbators, especially earthworms, can play an important role in the mixing and surfacing of contaminated substrate. Surfaced substrate can be redistributed by recurrent flooding events, even to areas outside the floodplain. The question remained to what extent bioturbation by small mammals contributes to the redistribution of heavy metals from river sediments in floodplains. Extensive fieldwork on bioturbators such as voles, moles and earthworms and their distribution patterns, as well as on sediment deposition and bioturbation, was conducted at the ‘Afferdensche en Deestsche Waarden’ floodplain over the years 2001–2003. Field data were combined with data of experiments in field enclosures and substrate columns to calculate the amounts of sediment and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) redistributed during the floods as well as on an annual basis. Moles and voles surfaced considerable amounts of substrate and heavy metals, but not as much as earthworms which contribute a substantial proportion of the total deposition and redistribution during floods. Although the impact of moles and voles on the redistribution during floods was only locally important, on an annual basis the bioturbation activity of especially moles in floodplains cannot be neglected. The annual amounts of substrate and heavy metals surfaced by all investigated bioturbators were even larger than the total amounts of substrate and heavy metals deposited during floods.  相似文献   

Systemic Accumulation of 12-oxo-phytodienoic Acid in SAR-induced Potato Plants     

Peter Landgraf  Ivo Feussner  Astrid Hunger  Dierk Scheel  Sabine Rosahl 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(3):279-283

In potato plants induced for systemic resistance by infiltration with Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) accumulated in infiltrated leaves as well as in non-treated leaves of infected plants. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA) levels increased only in infiltrated leaves, suggesting that the biosynthetic precursor of JA, OPDA, might play a role in systemic acquired resistance.  相似文献   

Induced nutrient deficiencies in Catharanthus roseus impact ajmalicine bioproduction     

Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas  Monique Carriello Gama  Pedro Henrique Monnerat  Almy Junior Cordeiro De Carvalho  Thaísa Capato Lima  Ivo José Curcino Vieira 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(6):835-841

Plants are key sources to obtain drugs and related medical compounds. In the species Catharanthus roseus L.G. Don, ordinarily known as vinca, contains significant amounts of the alkaloid ajmalicine, which is used as an anti-hypertension drug. The aim of this research was to verify the effect of macro-nutrient deficiencies and boron over ajmalicine bioproduction in vinca roots. The experiment was performed in random blocks with eight treatments: complete, nitrogen deficient (-N), phosphorus deficient (-P), potassium deficient (-K), calcium deficient (-Ca), magnesium deficient (- Mg), sulfur deficient (-S) and boron deficient (-B), with four replicates. Seedlings were initially watered once a day with a complete solution and after 55 days after germination the treatments were started. Plants were collected 135 days after germination and evaluated in relation to root's dry matter, concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and ajmalicine. Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and B within the root's dry matter of the vinca plants in deficient treatments were respectively of 62, 61, 93, 52, 70, 61 and 44% lower when compared with complete treatment. Potassium deficiency resulted in ajmalicine increment of 19% within roots, while deficiencies in N, P, Mg and S reduced ajmalicine concentration in 55, 33, 22 and 26% respectively when compared with complete treatment. Deficiencies in Ca and B had no significant effect in ajmalicine concentration within the plant roots. Within plants with the complete treatment, nutrient contents of ajmalicine from the roots’ dry matter were respectively of 18,5 g kg^?1 N, 1,46 g kg^?1 P, 13,5 g kg^?1 K, 4,47 g kg^?1 Ca, 1,43 g kg^?1 Mg, 1,53 g kg^?1 S, 61 mg kg^?1 B and 1,28 mg g^?1 of vitexin.  相似文献   

Seasonal Differences in Atmospheric Nitrous Acid near Mediterranean Urban Areas     

Antonio Amoroso  Harry J. Beine  Giulio Esposito  Cinzia Perrino  Maria Catrambone  Ivo Allegrini 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,188(1-4):81-92

The major objective of this paper is to provide insights to sources and sinks of nitrous acid in urban areas, and their seasonal dependency on meteorology, photochemistry and long range transport. With this aim, nitrous acid (HONO) mixing ratios and other compounds were measured in Ashdod (south of Tel Aviv, Israel), a typical Mediterranean urban area. Statistical data analysis revealed the expected correlation between HONO and nitrogen oxides during the autumn campaign when HONO sources appeared to be traffic-, harbor-, and industry-related. Conversely, during summer HONO and NO₂ were no longer correlated: NO₂ at nighttime was probably deposited onto surfaces, soil and plants, whereas HONO at daytime was likely destroyed photolytically contributing to the OH concentration. Photolysis was expected to be the dominant HONO sink at daytime, especially during the summer period. Using modeled photolytical HONO lifetimes we estimate the magnitude of heterogeneous and/or organic electron transfer source reactions of HONO as 6–8 ppbv/h.  相似文献   

Productive Performance of Double-Muscled Piemontese Culled Cows in Finishing Period     

GUO Kai-jun  LIU Feng-hua  LU Lin  Biagini Davide  Lazzaroni Carla  Zoccarato Ivo 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(5):721-728

The aims of the study were to evaluate productive performances and environmental impact of double-muscled Piemontese culled cows. In two trials, 39 Piemontese culled cows aged from 46 to 176 mon were fattened using diets commonly applied in farm conditions. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the trials. Concentrate and hay intake were recorded daily. After slaughtering, meat, fat and bone yields were recorded and dressing percentage was calculated. The backward linear regression model was employed for statistical analysis. Results showed average body weight （ABW） of cows as （556.97± 55.99） kg and relatively low dry matter intake （DMI） [（9.17± 0.35） kg d^-1] during the fattening period. The ratio between DMI and ABW, i.e., ratio between intake and weight （RIW）, （1.66±0.18）% was negatively influenced by initial body weight （IBW） and duration of finishing period （D）, but age had no effect on RIW. Average daily gain （ADG） was relatively low [（0.55 ±0.21） kg d^-1, and was negatively correlated with IBW and D, which implied that lower IBW and shorter D could have higher ADG and vice versa. The dressing percentage （DP） was （59.80± 1.83）% and the carcass red meat yield （MY） was （75.17±3.10）%. Nevertheless, N efficiency was very low [（4.35 ± 1.76）%], which must be considered in relation to environmental protection so both animal requirements and a well balanced diet need more attention. In conclusion when Piemontese cows will be culled and fattened, IBW and D should be considered carefully in order to get a reasonable ADG and N efficiency to guarantee productive benefits and environmental protection at the same time.  相似文献