Genetic diversity in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) germplasm from Pakistan as determined by RAPDs   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Malik Ashiq Rabbani  Aki Iwabuchi  Yoshie Murakami  Tohru Suzuki  Kenji Takayanagi 《Euphytica》1998,103(2):235-242

The genetic diversity and the relationships among a collection of mustard (B. juncea) germplasm, including 41 accessions collected from Pakistan, 6 oilseed cultivars/ lines and 5 Japanese vegetable cultivars, were evaluated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 198 polymorphic amplified products were obtained from 30 decamer primers. Of these, 14 were unique to the accession PAK-85835 and 37 were specific to PAK-85839. Based on pair-wise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, genetic similarity was estimated using similarity coefficients of Nei & Li (1979) and a dendrogram was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collected germplasm and oilseed cultivars/lines close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the oilseed accessions collected in Pakistan. However, the clusters formed by the oilseed collections and cultivars were distinct from those formed by the vegetable cultivars. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard in Pakistan was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. The farmers' preference for more remunerative crops and perhaps the close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that the RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationships and the patterns of variation among accessions of this crop. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Moisture Distribution and Texture of Various Types of Cooked Spaghetti     

Kentaro Irie  Akemi K. Horigane  Shigehiro Naito  Hirofumi Motoi  Mitsuru Yoshida 《Cereal Chemistry》2004,81(3):350-355

Cooked spaghetti of various types (fresh, dried, frozen, luncheon, and long‐life spaghetti) was examined for moisture distribution by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moisture content was calculated from spinspin relaxation time (T₂) of water proton, based on the correlation between T₂ and moisture content of pulverized durum semolina standard gel samples. Boiled samples of dried and frozen spaghetti had a distinct low moisture region at the center, which was not clearly observed in the other types of boiled spaghetti samples. In particular, the moisture content of boiled long‐life spaghetti was almost homogeneous. Texture of cooked spaghetti samples was evaluated using the force‐distance curve of a mechanical property test. For dried and frozen spaghetti, higher force was observed at the region corresponding to the low moisture core compared with the other types. The luncheon spaghetti and long‐life spaghetti showed a lower breaking force and a larger dip after the peak force representing soft and brittle texture caused by moisture homogeneity. These results indicated that MRI could be used for the quality evaluation of cooked spaghetti through imaging of the moisture distribution, which reflects the mechanical property.  相似文献   

Spatial variations in nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emission potential on a slope of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest     

Kazuya NISHINA  Chisato TAKENAKA  Shigehiro ISHIZUKA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):179-189

To quantify the spatial variation and spatial structure of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO) emission from forest soils, we measured N₂O and NO emission rates from surface soil cores taken at 1 m intervals on a cross-line transect (65 m × 20 m) on a slope of Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ) forest in a temperate region of central Japan and analyzed the spatial dependency of N oxide gas emissions using geostatistics. We divided N₂O emission into N₂O from denitrification and N₂O from nitrification using the acetylene inhibition method. According to the geostatistical analysis, N₂O emission rates on the slope had large spatial variation and weak spatial dependency. This weak spatial dependency was caused by the inordinately high N₂O emissions on the slope, which were derived mainly from denitrification. In contrast, NO emission rate on the slope had large spatial variation, but strong spatial dependency and a distinct spatial distribution related to slope position, that is, high in the middle of the slope and low in the shoulder and the foot of the slope. The CN ratio and water-filled pore space were the dominant factors controlling NO emission rate on a slope. Our results suggest that spatial information about topographic factors helps to improve the estimation of both N₂O emission and NO emission from forest soils.  相似文献   

Methane uptake and nitrous oxide emission in Japanese forest soils and their relationship to soil and vegetation types   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Tomoaki MORISHITA  Tadashi SAKATA  Masamichi TAKAHASHI  Shigehiro ISHIZUKA  Takeo MIZOGUCHI  Yoshiyuki INAGAKI  Kazuhiko TERAZAWA  Satoshi SAWATA  Masanori IGARASHI  Hiroshi YASUDA  Yasuhiro KOYAMA  Yoshihito SUZUKI  Nobuyuki TOYOTA  Masamichi MURO  Masaru KINJO  Hirokazu YAMAMOTO  Daitaro ASHIYA  Yoichi KANAZAWA  Tetsu HASHIMOTO  Hidetaka UMATA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(5):678-691

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The effect of successive years of defoliation by the larch sawfly (Pristiphora erichsonii (Hartig)) on the foliage properties of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carr.), with particular reference to the CN balance hypothesis     

Panisara Pinkantayong  Mamoru Kubo  Tamami Terada  Masanori Fujii  Shigehiro Kamoda  Ken-ichiro Muramoto  Naoto Kamata 《Journal of Forest Research》2015,20(1):104-113

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Procyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds prevents cataract formation in hereditary cataractous (ICR/f) rats   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Yamakoshi J  Saito M  Kataoka S  Tokutake S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(17):4983-4988

Antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids have been reported to prevent the progression of experimentally induced cataracts. However, little is known of the effect of procyanidins, a powerful antioxidant, on cataract formation. This paper investigates the anticataract activity of grape seed extract (GSE, which contains 38.5% procyanidins) in hereditary cataractous rats (ICR/f rats). The ICR/f rats were fed a standard diet containing 0 or 0.213% GSE [0.082% procyanidins in the diet (w/w)] for 27 days. The GSE significantly prevented and postponed development of cataract formation by evaluation of slit lamp observations of the rats' eyes. Lens weight and malondialdehyde concentration in the lens and plasma cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide (ChE-OOH) level induced by CuSO4 were significantly lower in the GSE group compared with the control group. The rats were also fed for 14 days either the diet containing 0.085% procyanidin dimer to tetramer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins), the diet containing 0.090% procyanidin pentamer to heptamer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins), or the diet containing 0.093% procyanidin oligomers more than decamer fraction (0.085% as the procyanidins). The ChE-OOH levels in the procyanidin pentamer to heptamer and procyanidin oligomers more than decamer groups were significantly lower than in the procyanidin dimer to tetramer group. These results suggested that procyanidins and their antioxidative metabolites prevented the progression of cataract formation by their antioxidative action. The larger molecular procyanidins in the GSE might contribute this anticataract activity.  相似文献   

A pair of related genes with antagonistic roles in mediating flowering signals   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Kobayashi Y  Kaya H  Goto K  Iwabuchi M  Araki T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5446):1960-1962

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Relationship between N₂O and NO emission potentials and soil properties in Japanese forest soils     

Kazuya NISHINA  Chisato TAKENAKA  Shigehiro ISHIZUKA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(1):203-214

To determine the relationship between nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO) emission rates and soil properties in forest soils, N₂O and NO emission rates in soils were measured in incubation experiments under standardized temperature and water conditions (water content at a water-holding capacity of 60%) using soils packed into a cylindrical core, and variations in the soil properties were also determined. The N₂O emission rates from nitrification and from denitrification were determined separately using a nitrification inhibitor (10 Pa acetylene). Soil samples were taken from 25 forest stands in a central temperate area of Japan. The N₂O and NO emission rates were highly variable, even under the standardized temperature and water-holding capacity (60%) conditions. According to a partial least squared regression model analysis, the C:N ratio and pH strongly affected the N₂O emission rate, whereas     , water-soluble Al and the C:N ratio strongly affected the NO emission rate. The C:N ratio negatively affected the emission rate of both N oxide gases, suggesting that N mineralization is an important factor in the rates of N oxide gas emission. The acetylene inhibition experiment showed that N₂O emission from denitrification was positively affected by pH, water-filled pore space and filling density, and negatively affected by the C:N ratio, total carbon and total nitrogen.  相似文献   

Isolation and expression of five-amino-acid-deleted variant of feline hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) cDNA     

Miyake M  Yaguchi T  Saze K  Wang J  Ogawa T  Endo Y  Suzuta Y  Okazaki M  Haga Y  Waki T  Takahashi SY  Yamamoto Y  Iwabuchi S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(1):9-14

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that stimulates a wide array of cellular targets, including hepatocytes and other epithelial cells, melanocytes, endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We have cloned a different form of cDNA, with a deletion of 15 base pairs predicted to result in the loss of 5 amino acids from the first kringle domain. To investigate the biological activity, original and deleted variant of feline HGF cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells. Both recombinant feline HGFs showed almost the same dose-response curves in the stimulation of the growth of BNL CL.2 cells (a mouse hepatocyte cell line) and scatter activity of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The findings reported here suggest that the deleted variant of feline HGF has almost the same biological activity as the original in terms of the proliferation and scatter activity.  相似文献   

Quantifying lignin and holocellulose content in coniferous decayed wood using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy     

Shigehiro Ishizuka  Yoshimi Sakai  Ayumi Tanaka-Oda 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):233-237

To determine the independent decomposition rates of lignin and cellulose of decayed woody debris, a technique for the rapid analysis of lignin and cellulose is required. We applied a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique to measure the lignin and holocellulose content in decayed wood. We succeeded in creating partial least-squares (PLS) models to estimate the lignin and holocellulose content in the decayed wood of five species using NIR spectra. Although the accuracy was acceptable for the estimation of a five-species mixed model (R ² = 0.970 for lignin and R ² = 0.962 for holocellulose), it was further improved when the model was applied to each species independently. This combination of NIRS and a PLS model is a valuable tool for the determination of the lignin and holocellulose content in decayed wood. The technique is time efficient (3 min per sample) and non-hazardous (no acid treatment is required).  相似文献