Separation of soil respiration into CO₂ emission sources using ¹³C natural abundance in a deciduous broad-leaved forest in Japan     

Tadashi SAKATA  Shigehiro ISHIZUKA  Masamichi TAKAHASHI 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2007,53(3):328-336

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Resistance of larches to bark stripping by sika deer in Hokkaido,northern Japan     

Ken?Orihashi  Ryo?Hiyama  Yasuo?KojimaEmail author  Minoru?Terazawa  Shigehiro?Kamoda  Hisatomi?Kasahara  Yasuo?Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(4):317-320

Resistance of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) (Lk), the Kurile larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica) (Lg), and their F₁ hybrid (Lg × Lk) to bark stripping by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were studied in a forest in Hokkaido by cafeteria tests. Several sets of logs prepared from Lk, Lg, and Lg × Lk were fed to the deer. The stripped areas of logs significantly differed between the Lk/Lg set and the Lk/Lg × Lk set (P 0.05). The resistances of Lg and Lg × Lk to bark stripping was stronger than Lk. This result was similar to those of previous studies on gray-sided voles and mountain hares in Hokkaido.  相似文献   

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- isolated from cattle and humans in Iwate Prefecture, Japan     

Ido N  Kudo T  Sasaki K  Motokawa M  Iwabuchi K  Matsudate H  Seimiya YM  Akiba M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(2):241-244

A total of 15 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- obtained from diseased cows and patients in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, were characterized to clarify the genetic basis of this serovar. S. Typhimurium- specific IS200 was detected from all the isolates. A 94-kb plasmid and the spvB gene were detected from all but one of the 15 isolates. The results of PCR mapping of the fljAB operon and its flanking regions indicate that there are deletions or mutations in this chromosomal region. These data suggest that the 15 isolates are monophasic variants of S. Typhimurium. Epidemiological relationships between the isolates obtained from cattle and humans were not suspected based on the comparison of data employing plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.  相似文献   

Kinetic changes in glucosinolate-derived volatiles by heat-treatment and myrosinase activity in nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana)     

Kato M  Imayoshi Y  Iwabuchi H  Shimomura K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):11034-11039

Nakajimana (Brassica rapa L. cv. nakajimana), of the family Brassicaceae, is a traditional vegetable in Japan. Three isothiocyanates and five cyanides in the leaves of nakajimana were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their kinetic changes using heat-treatment (temperature and time) were investigated. In addition, myrosinase activity of extracts prepared from fresh nakajimana leaf was determined. In crushed heat-treated leaves of nakajimana (70 °C for 30 s), formation of isothiocyanates and myrosinase activity increased, whereas formation of 1-cyano-3,4-epithiobutane and 1-cyano-4,5-epithiopentane decreased. Heat-treatment can significantly alter the content of potentially beneficial compounds in nakajimana, and ingestion of suitable isothiocyanates for human health may be better facilitated by mild boiling.  相似文献   

Effects of phosphorus addition with and without ammonium, nitrate, or glucose on N2O and NO emissions from soil sampled under Acacia mangium plantation and incubated at 100 % of the water-filled pore space     

Taiki Mori  Seiichi Ohta  Shigehiro Ishizuka  Ryota Konda  Agus Wicaksono  Joko Heriyanto  Arisman Hardjono 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(1):13-21

An incubation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of phosphorus (P) addition with and without ammonium, nitrate, or glucose on N₂O and NO emissions from soil taken under Acacia mangium plantation and incubated at 100 % water-filled pore space (WFPS). Additions of NO ₃ ^? stimulated the N₂O and NO emissions while NH ₄ ⁺ did not, showing that denitrification was the main process of N₂O and NO production in the study condition. When NO ₃ ^? was added with P significantly (P?<?0.05) increased N₂O emissions regardless of the ratio of the added nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that P addition stimulated denitrification activity. The activation of denitrification by P addition is possibly attributed to two mechanisms: (1) the added-P stimulated denitrification by relieving P shortage for denitrifying bacteria and (2) the added-P stimulated activity of heterotrophic soil microflora with increased O₂ consumption promoting the development of anaerobic conditions with stimulation of denitrification.  相似文献   

Preconditioning prevents ischemia-induced neuronal death through persistent Akt activation in the penumbra region of the rat brain   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Nakajima T  Iwabuchi S  Miyazaki H  Okuma Y  Kuwabara M  Nomura Y  Kawahara K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(5):521-527

A brief period of ischemia, i.e. preconditioning of the middle cerebral artery territory, induces ischemic tolerance reducing the cerebral infarction volume caused by subsequent lethal ischemia. Nevertheless, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. In the present study, we examined the involvement of the activation of Akt, a serine/threonine kinase, in the cerebral ischemic tolerance. Western blot analysis showed that Akt was activated in both non-preconditioned and preconditioned groups after ischemia for 1 hr, but the activation was long-lasting in the preconditioned rats. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the preconditioning-induced preventive effect on a rapid decrease in the activation level of Akt was due to the persistent activation of Akt in the penumbra region. In addition, TUNEL staining demonstrated that the preconditioning treatment inhibited the augmentation of neuronal death probably through apoptosis in the penumbra region to prevent the spread of infarction. Since the activation of Akt has been reported to protect cells from stress, the present results suggest that the preconditioning-induced persistent activation of Akt in the penumbra region plays an important role in ischemic tolerance of the brain.  相似文献   

Identification of peptides containing T-cell epitopes of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen (Cry j 1) in dogs     

Masuda K  Sakaguchi M  Saito S  Yasueda H  Iwabuchi S  Tsukui T  Hayashi N  Nakao Y  Kurata K  Maeda S  Ohno K  Tsujimoto H 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2004,102(1-2):45-52

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollen has been known to cause atopic dermatitis in dogs in Japan. However, since the mechanism of the CJ antigen recognition is not well understood in dogs, it is difficult to develop effective immunotherapy for atopic dermatitis caused by sensitization to CJ pollen. In order to aim at development of a peptide immunotherapy, we tried to identify T-cell epitopes of a major allergen of CJ pollen, Cry j 1, in dogs sensitive to CJ pollen allergen. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 22 dogs experimentally sensitized to CJ pollen allergen and 5 atopic dogs sensitive to CJ pollen allergen were used for mapping of T-cell epitopes of Cry j 1 using 35 kinds of synthesized overlapping peptides of Cry j 1. Reactive peptides were identified based on the results of blastogenic responses of PBMCs against the peptides when the stimulation indices were beyond 2.0. Three reactive peptides were identical in a relatively high population of experimental dogs, which were Nos. 8 (p71-90) (41%), 10 (p91-110) (50%), and 11 (p101-120) (41%). It was considered that these synthesized peptides should contain T-cell epitopes of Cry j 1 in the dogs. However, there were no reactive peptides identical among the five atopic dogs spontaneously sensitive to CJ pollen. The population of dogs experimentally sensitized to CJ pollen antigen will be used in order to investigate effects of a peptide immunotherapy using the reactive peptides. The results in atopic dogs sensitive to CJ pollen antigen will also provide useful information on necessity to develop a tailor-made immunotherapy using reactive peptides in each dog.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the systemic activity of simeconazole in comparison with that of other DMI fungicides     

Tsuda M  Itoh H  Kato S 《Pest management science》2004,60(9):875-880

The systemic activity of simeconazole (RS-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-trimethylsilylpropan-2-ol) in plants was compared with those of eight other sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. Simeconazole prevented the infection of Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f sp hordei Marchal on barley leaves within a radius of several centimeters from the edge of local treatment on the leaves when the compound was separated from the leaves by glass coverslips. This reveals that simeconazole has prominent vapour-phase activity. Simeconazole showed excellent curative activity against barley powdery mildew when treated 1-3 days after inoculation. Furthermore, this indicates that simeconazole has notable translaminar activity because, when the compound was applied onto either the adaxial or abaxial leaf surface, it showed excellent efficacy against powdery mildew on the opposite side of the leaf surface of barley and cucumber. Simeconazole also showed excellent efficacy against barley powdery mildew by soil drench 24h after inoculation. This suggests that simeconazole was absorbed very quickly into the barley plant after treatment. The permeability of the compound through cuticular membranes prepared from tomato fruits was about 20% at 22 h after the treatment and was much superior to that of the other DMI fungicides tested.  相似文献   

Moisture Distribution and Diffusion in Cooked Spaghetti Studied by NMR Imaging and Diffusion Model     

Akemi K. Horigane  Shigehiro Naito  Mamoru Kurimoto  Kentaro Irie  Masaharu Yamada  Hirofumi Motoi  Mitsuru Yoshida 《Cereal Chemistry》2006,83(3):235-242

Moisture diffusion in spaghetti during boiling and holding after boiling was analyzed with a cylinder diffusion model based on moisture content mapped by magnetic resonance imaging. The images showed water penetrating concentrically in the cross section of a cooked spaghetti strand. The moisture profiles calculated from the images refracted near the central part in undercooked spaghetti due to the presence of ungelatinized starch. The moisture profiles of the samples with different holding times intersected around one‐third of the radius from the surface. The slope of the moisture profile decreased along with the holding time while the moisture content at the intersection remained unchanged. The diffusion coefficients were determined statistically for the fully gelatinized region with a cylinder model. The theoretical moisture profiles calculated using such coefficients fitted very well to experimental data. The diffusion coefficients of dried spaghetti were smaller than those of fresh spaghetti at both boiling and holding periods, suggesting that the moisture transport property had been reduced by the drying process during manufacture of spaghetti. The diffusion coefficients decreased with increases in boiling and holding times. The diffusion model with a constant diffusion coefficient is, therefore, valid in a limited boiling or holding time.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">rpoD</Emphasis> gene expression as an indicator of bacterial pathogens in host plants     

Mari Narusaka  Tomonori Shiraishi  Masaki Iwabuchi  Yoshihiro Narusaka 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2011,77(2):75-80

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