Gas exchange in swine before, during and after motor activity of different intensity and length     

M Steinhardt  S Reimer  J Kutschke  U Bünger 《Archiv fuer experimentelle veterinaermedizin》1989,43(1):111-119

4 female and 2 male untrained fattening pigs, weighing 43.9 +/- 1.6 kg at the beginning of the experiment underwent continuous measurement of VO2, VCO2, and rectal temperature, prior to, during, and after running on a horizontal exercise belt set to speeds of 0.7, 1.3, and 2.5 m.s-1. The highest values of VO2 and VCO2 (ml-min-1/kg-1) and rectal temperature (degrees C) were usually measured few minutes after running. They were 18.84 +/- 3.65 and 20.4 +/- 4.53 as well as 41.2 +/- 0.4, 28.41 +/- 4.07 and 33.26 +/- 5.92 or 41.3 +/- 0.5, 26.21 +/- 7.7 and 32.32 +/- 7.14 as well as 40.5 +/- 0.7, depending on the above belt speeds. Exercise belt speeds of 1.3 to 1.8 m.s-1 were found to be suitable for testing aerobic metabolic capacity of untrained young pigs.  相似文献   

Ultrastructure of sarcocysts from water buffalo in India     

J P Dubey  C A Speer  H L Shah 《Veterinary parasitology》1989,34(1-2):149-152

The ultrastructure of sarcocysts of macro- and microscopic species of Sarcocystis was compared from naturally infected water buffalo from India. Grossly visible sarcocysts had walls consisting of cauliflower-like villar protrusions, typical of S. fusiformis. The sarcocyst wall of the microscopic species of Sarcocystis was 6.4 microns thick and consisted of tightly packed conical villar protrusions that were 9.6 microns long and 3.7 microns wide at the base. At approximately 3 microns above the base, the distal two-thirds of the villar protrusion became conical shaped and was bent laterally at an angle of 45 degrees to the sarcocyst surface. The granular layer beneath the villar protrusions was 0.9 microns thick. In S. levinei the granular layer was 1.9 microns thick, the villar protrusions were narrow and it had a highly undulating primary cyst wall. Whether the microscopic S. levinei-like sarcocysts of Indian and Malaysian water buffalo are distinct species of Sarcocystis will require further investigation.  相似文献   

Isolation, characterization and in vitro mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from an American buffalo.          下载免费PDF全文

A M Nagi  L A Babiuk 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1989,53(4):493-496

A rapid and reproducible method is described for the isolation and characterization of leukocytes from the peripheral blood of an American buffalo (bison). Centrifugation of the buffy coat cells on a Percoll gradient (1.079 g/mL) at 650 x g for 20 min resulted in the separation and high yields of pure viable leukocytes. The sheep erythrocyte-rosetting technique (ER) showed that 59% of the cells were ER+ (T lymphocytes). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated peanut agglutinin and FITC-conjugated concanavalin A revealed 77% and 89% positive cells, respectively. The isolated leukocytes contained adherent accessory cells and functionally active T and B lymphocytes which proliferated in response to both T and B cell mitogens and to exogenous recombinant bovine interleukin-2 in the absence and/or presence of the thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol.  相似文献   

Effect of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the ileal and fecal digestibility of a barley-based diet in the pig   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

H Graham  J G Fadel  C W Newman  R K Newman 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(5):1293-1298

The influences of pelleting and beta-glucanase supplementation on the digestibility of dietary components in a barley-based diet were investigated in pigs fitted with cannulas in the terminal ileum. The diet contained 49.0% starch, 18.9% crude protein and 14.8% dietary fiber, with arabinoxylans (4.9%), mixed-linked beta-glucans (3.4%) and cellulose (3.3%) as the main fiber components. Pelleting increased mixed-linked beta-glucan solubility from 45 to 62%. Neither treatment influenced the ileal or fecal apparent digestibilities of dry matter (64 and 80%, respectively), energy (62 and 79%), crude protein (53 and 75%), crude fat (26 and 27%) or dietary fiber (58 and 72%). However, pelleting increased (P less than .01) the pre-ileal apparent digestibility of starch from 91.5 to 95.3% and decreased (P less than .03) that of ash from -10 to -23%, while increasing (P less than .005) the fecal apparent digestibility of starch from 98.6 to 99.7%. The solubility of mixed-linked beta-glucans in ileal digesta was lower (P less than .001) in pelleted (26%) than in unpelleted (58%) diets. beta-glucanase supplementation also increased (P less than .05) the ileal apparent digestibility of starch, from 92.6 to 94.3%, and of mixed-linked beta-glucans, from 95.7 to 97.1%. Significant between-pig differences in the apparent digestibility of dietary components were observed. In conclusion, treatments that disrupt the endosperm cell walls in barley can increase the proportion of the diet digested prior to the large intestine.  相似文献   

Suspected fusariomycotoxicosis in sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis): clinical and pathological findings     

T J Roffe  R K Stroud  R M Windingstad 《Avian diseases》1989,33(3):451-457

In 1985 and 1986, large-scale natural die-offs of sandhill cranes in Texas were attributed to fusariomycotoxicosis. These birds demonstrated a progressive loss of motor control to the neck, wings, and legs. Based on necropsy and/or histopathology of 31 cranes, the most common lesions involved skeletal muscle and included hemorrhages, granulomatous myositis, thrombosis, and vascular degeneration. Serum chemistry results revealed that levels of creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were above published normals. However, only alanine aminotransferase was higher in clinically affected cranes than in normal cranes collected from the same area.  相似文献   

Calcium fluxes across the wall of the ovine reticulorumen in vivo     

L Beardsworth  P Bearsworth  A D Care 《Research in veterinary science》1989,47(3):404-405

Calcium fluxes were measured, in vivo, in both directions across the ovine reticulorumen wall of four sheep when the luminal potassium concentration was either 30 mmol litre-1 or 90 mmol litre-1. Neither fluxes were affected by an increased potassium concentration although net magnesium absorption was decreased (PO less than 0.05) and the transmural potential difference was increased (P less than 0.01) under these conditions. The results obtained suggest that, unlike magnesium, calcium is transported bidirectionally across ovine ruminal tissue independently of the transmural potential difference across the rumen wall.  相似文献   

Excretion and metabolism of a series of xanthines by the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans     

T B Vree  J B Vree  J F Nouws  Y A Hekster  J C Hafkenscheid 《The Veterinary quarterly》1989,11(1):58-60

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Management and economic aspects of farm deer, horses and milking sheep     

J C Cordery  L Chapman  J F Britton 《The British veterinary journal》1989,145(2):121-128

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Epidural analgesia with 0.75% bupivacaine for laparotomy in goats     

C M Trim 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,194(9):1292-1296

Epidural nerve block with 0.75% bupivacaine (1 ml/4 kg of body weight) was performed in 17 goats tranquilized by IM administration of acetylpromazine (0.07 mg/kg). For comparison, epidural nerve block with 2% lidocaine containing 1:100,000 epinephrine (1 ml/5 kg) was performed in 7 goats. Transient signs of CNS stimulation were observed during injection of bupivacaine in 5 goats and of lidocaine in 2 goats. Analgesia of the flank was inadequate for laparotomy in 4 goats given bupivacaine (including 1 goat given a two-thirds dose) and in 2 goats given lidocaine. Analgesia for these goats was provided by local infiltration of the operative site with lidocaine. With bupivacaine, the onset of analgesia was up to 40 minutes, and the duration of analgesia was several hours; most goats were unable to stand for at least 11 hours. In comparison, epidural nerve block with lidocaine had a more rapid onset and much shorter duration. For both anesthetic drugs, despite adequate analgesia for laparotomy, response to manipulation of abdominal viscera was observed in 12 goats. Arterial blood pressure and blood gas tensions were measured in 8 goats given bupivacaine; 3 goats had mean arterial blood pressure less than 70 mm of Hg. Seven goats had normal PaCO2 but 2 goats had low PaO2; 1 goat sedated with xylazine had increased PaCO2 and hypoxemia.  相似文献   

Lipid mobilization by obese and lean pigs infused with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol     

H J Mersmann  M D McNeil 《Journal of animal science》1989,67(8):1992-1996

Generally obese and lean pigs in both the fed and fasted states were anesthetized and then acutely infused with increasing concentrations of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Plasma free fatty acid (FFA), blood glycerol, glucose and lactate, and heart rate were monitored during the infusion period. Data were reduced by estimating the parameters of the generalized logistic function (minimum, maximum, ED50 and slope) and subsequently analyzed to compare the lean and obese genotypes within nutritional state. Lactate data could not be fitted to this function because the upper asymptote was not approached during the experiment. The minimum plasma concentration of FFA tended (P less than .1) to be less in obese than in lean pigs. The maximum, ED50 and slope for the responses of FFA were similar for obese and lean pigs in fed pigs and in fasted pigs. In fed pigs, the minimum glycerol concentration was greater in obese than in lean pigs, and the ED50 for heart rate tended to be lower in lean than in obese pigs. All other estimated parameters for the variables were similar in fed obese and lean pigs. In fasted pigs, the maximum glucose concentration was greater in obese than in lean pigs. All other parameters for the variables were similar in fasted obese and lean pigs. The results suggest that there was no major defect in lipid mobilization in these obese pigs (only a lower minimum FFA concentration was detected) and that an increased maximum blood glucose concentration in the fasting state might contribute to the obesity.  相似文献