Stream size influences stream temperature impacts and recovery rates after clearfell logging     

John M. Quinn  Aslan E. Wright-Stow 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008

Water temperature has profound effects on stream ecosystems. We studied effects of clear-fell logging Pinus radiata plantations on mid-summer water temperatures and recovery times in streams with 2–12 m wide channels. Post-logging increases were 2–3.8 °C for summer daily means and 4–7.3 °C for summer daily maxima. Rates of recovery of thermal regimes after logging were strongly negatively correlated with stream size, as indexed by catchment area, channel width or baseflow (r² = 0.80–0.93). Summer daily mean and maximum temperatures declined during the riparian vegetation regrowth phase by 0.18 and 0.47 °C year⁻¹, respectively, for the largest stream and 1.4 and 1.9 °C year⁻¹ in the smallest stream. Thermal regimes were restored in small streams (2–4 m wide channels) about 6–8 years after clearfelling. In medium-sized streams (6–12 m wide channels), we predict this recovery will take 12–16 years.  相似文献   

Agricultural land use and flood risk management: Engaging with stakeholders in North Yorkshire   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. Posthumus  C.J.M. Hewett  J. Morris  P.F. Quinn 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(7):787-798

Recent changes in agricultural and flood defence policies create new opportunities for involving rural land use, in particular agriculture, in flood risk management. This paper presents the results of a case study on land management and flooding in the Laver and Skell catchments in North Yorkshire. The perceptions of local stakeholders were explored through interviews with farmers and discussions among stakeholders that were held, supported by the Floods and Agriculture Risk Matrix (FARM) tool, during a stakeholder workshop. These stakeholder perceptions are reviewed against scientific evidence. Temporary storage of runoff water on farmland was found to have potential to mitigate flooding, but the participating stakeholders thought that this was beyond farmers’ responsibility of good farming practice. During the stakeholder workshop, it was therefore agreed among all participants that targeting funding is needed, as well as stakeholder engagement and demonstration farms, in order to successfully involve farmers in flood risk management.  相似文献   

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, recruitment in the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean, I: relationships among different populations     

Erik H. Williams  & Terrance J. Quinn  II 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(4):285-299

We examined recruitment and average weight-at-age time series for Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasi ) populations from the Bering Sea and north-east Pacific Ocean to determine similarities. Statistical correlation and multivariate clustering methods indicated Pacific herring populations form large-scale groups. Large year classes occur synchronously among several Pacific herring populations. Multivariate cluster analyses of recruitment and weight-at-age data indicated that Bering Sea herring populations are distinct from north-east Pacific Ocean populations. Within the NE Pacific Ocean, there appear to be three groups of herring populations: a British Columbia group, a south-east Alaska coastal group, and an outer Gulf of Alaska group. Jackknife and randomization tests indicate these groups are robust and not the result of random chance. Deviations from observed herring population groups were examined for indications of anthropogenic perturbations. The Prince William Sound herring populations did not show any strong deviations corresponding to the oil spill of 1989. There might not yet be enough data since the spill to detect changes in the recruitment or weight-at-age data since that time, particularly if oil spill effects were concentrated on the early life history stages.  相似文献   

Isolation and Total Synthesis of Stolonines A–C,Unique Taurine Amides from the Australian Marine Tunicate Cnemidocarpa stolonifera     

Trong D. Tran  Ngoc B. Pham  Merrick Ekins  John N. A. Hooper  Ronald J. Quinn 《Marine drugs》2015,13(7):4556-4575

Cnemidocarpa stolonifera is an underexplored marine tunicate that only occurs on the tropical to subtropical East Coast of Australia, with only two pyridoacridine compounds reported previously. Qualitative analysis of the lead-like enhanced fractions of C. stolonifera by LC-MS dual electrospray ionization coupled with PDA and ELSD detectors led to the identification of three new natural products, stolonines A–C (1–3), belonging to the taurine amide structure class. Structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR and MS analyses and later verified by total synthesis. This is the first time that the conjugates of taurine with 3-indoleglyoxylic acid, quinoline-2-carboxylic acid and β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid present in stolonines A–C (1–3), respectively, have been reported. An immunofluorescence assay on PC3 cells indicated that compounds 1 and 3 increased cell size, induced mitochondrial texture elongation, and caused apoptosis in PC3 cells.  相似文献   

Riparian vegetation management for water temperature regulation: implications for the production of macroinvertebrate prey of salmonids          下载免费PDF全文

D. K. Ryan  M. Kelly‐Quinn 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2016,23(6):519-530

The effect of riparian vegetation on the seasonal availability of macroinvertebrate prey for salmonids was examined. Although prey composition changed significantly between sampling seasons, overall prey density remained similar. It is often assumed that there is greater benthic production within streams without riparian vegetation, but this assumption was found to be dependent on stream size. The presence of riparian vegetation increased benthic macroinvertebrate density, but only in larger streams. Greater densities of prey of terrestrial origin were found in the drift of streams with riparian cover but only in spring. An unforeseen contributor to potential prey items for salmonids in streams with riparian vegetation was the increased presence of drifting prey of aquatic origin. The results further support riparian management as a viable tool for regulating instream temperatures without impacting on macroinvertebrate density. The presence of riparian vegetation can even increase salmonid prey availability in some instances.  相似文献   

Mastocytoma in the common carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons of a horse     

JC Leadbeater  SD Gutierrez-Nibeyro  JA Brown 《Australian veterinary journal》2010,88(1-2):20-24

A 13-year-old Morgan gelding was examined for right forelimb lameness and tenosynovitis of the right common carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons. The horse had moderate right forelimb lameness at the trot and marked effusion of the right common carpal sheath of the digital flexor tendons. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a soft tissue mass within the proximal pouch of the affected tendon sheath, located adjacent to the distal physis of the radius. Cytology and culture of the fluid revealed a sterile, eosinophilic tenosynovitis. Tenoscopic exploration confirmed the presence of a capsulated soft tissue mass. Thecotomy was required to fully debride the mass, which histology revealed to be a mast cell tumour. At 22 months postoperatively, the horse developed mild right forelimb lameness and eosinophilic tenosynovitis because of recurrence of the mastocytoma. Mastocytosis is a possible differential diagnosis in any horse exhibiting lameness associated with tenosynovitis. Surgical excision combined with rest and postoperative intrasynovial and systemic corticosteroids may be palliative.  相似文献   

Solar wind outflow and the chromospheric magnetic network     

DM Hassler  IE Dammasch  P Lemaire  P Brekke  W Curdt  HE Mason  JC Vial  K Wilhelm 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,283(5403):810-813

Observations of outflow velocities in coronal holes (regions of open coronal magnetic field) have recently been obtained with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Velocity maps of Ne7+ from its bright resonance line at 770 angstroms, formed at the base of the corona, show a relationship between outflow velocity and chromospheric magnetic network structure, suggesting that the solar wind is rooted at its base to this structure, emanating from localized regions along boundaries and boundary intersections of magnetic network cells. This apparent relation to the chromospheric magnetic network and the relatively large outflow velocity signatures will improve understanding of the complex structure and dynamics at the base of the corona and the source region of the solar wind.  相似文献   

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for bovine interferon-γ and its use for the detection of tuberculosis in cattle   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

JS ROTHEL  SL JONES†  LA CORNER  JC COX†  PR WOOD 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):134-137

An in vitro cellular assay for bovine tuberculosis has recently been developed. This assay detects gamma-interferon released in response to specific antigen in a whole blood culture system. The bio-assay previously described for the detection of bovine gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) has now been replaced with a sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) which utilises two monoclonal antibodies to bovine IFN-gamma. The EIA detects less than 25pg/ml of recombinant bovine IFN-gamma and is specific for biologically active bovine IFN-gamma; and does not detect bovine alpha or beta interferon. IFN-gamma from sheep, goat and buffalo, but not from pig, deer or man, are also recognised by the EIA. The bovine IFN-gamma EIA when used in conjunction with the whole blood culture system has resulted in a simple, rapid and sensitive in vitro assay for specific cell mediated immune responsiveness to M. bovis infection in cattle.  相似文献   

Immunisation against ovine caseous lymphadenitis: correlation between Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid content and protective efficacy in combined clostridial-corynebacterial vaccines   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

DG EGGLETON  JA HAYNES  HD MIDDLETON  JC COX 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(10):322-325

Groups of sheep were dosed with vaccines containing Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis toxoid combined in varying amounts with 5 clostridial antigens. Resistance of the sheep to infection with C pseudotuberculosis was tested at 1, 6 and 12 months after vaccination by infection with pus from ovine lymph glands actively infected with C pseudotuberculosis. The outcome was assessed 3 months after challenge by slaughter and inspection of the sheep for caseous lymphadenitis lesions. Protection was demonstrated by a significant reduction in the proportion of immunised sheep exhibiting lesions compared with control sheep, and by fewer abscesses in affected immunised sheep than in affected control sheep. A positive correlation was found between amount of C pseudotuberculosis toxoid administered and degree of protection obtained. Chromatographically-purified toxoid induced essentially the same protection, suggesting that anti-toxic immunity is the major factor in protection.  相似文献   

Re-examination of the mineral supplement associated with a 1972 anthrax outbreak     

M E Hugh-Jones  P C Turnbull  M N Jones  R A Hutson  C P Quinn  J M Kramer 《The Veterinary record》1991,128(26):615-616

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