Spironucleus muris in laboratory mice     

A. WHITEHOUSE  MP FRANCE  SE POPE  JE LLOYD  RC RATCLIFFE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):193-193

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Owner compliance with short term antimicrobial medication in dogs     

LS BARTER  ADJ WATSON  JE MADDISON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(4):277-280

Summary: The degree to which dog owners complied with instructions to administer a 5 to 10 day course of antimicrobial medication to their pets was assessed using microprocessor based monitoring devices. Twenty two clients gave an average of 84% of prescribed doses of amoxycillin-clavulanate. No difference was found between twice and thrice daily dosing regimens in the overall percentage of prescribed doses given. However, timing of doses was far from ideal in many cases and only 34% of doses were given within the designated optimum time period. Adherence to desired dosing intervals tended to be better with twice daily than with thrice daily dosing, although the difference was statistically insignificant.  相似文献   

Naphthalophos combinations with benzimidazoles or levamisole as effective anthelmintics for sheep     

NA COOPER  PF ROLFE  JE SEARSON  KL DAWSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(3):221-224

Objective: To investigate the relative efficacy and safety of the anthelmintic naphthalophos in sheep, either given alone or in combination with benzimidazole (fenbendazole and albendazole) or levamisole anthelmintics.
Design: A parasitological study using faecal egg count reduction tests, a validating slaughter trial and field safety trials.
Procedure: Faecal egg count reduction tests were carried out on 13 farms. Naphthalophos and combinations of naphthalophos with levamisole and fenbendazole were included in the drench tests. On one property a controlled efficacy study was carried out to validate faecal egg count reduction test findings. In this trial, sheep were slaughtered 10 days after treatment and the remaining parasites recovered from the gastro-intestinal tract. Safety trials were carried out on eight farms where approximately 50 000 sheep were treated with naphthalophos and albendazole that were tank mixed in the backpack.
Results: The efficacy of naphthalophos alone in faecal egg count reduction tests ranged from 59 to 98% with one test showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and levamisole ranged from 74 to 100%, with 5 farms showing 95% reduction. The efficacy of naphthalophos and fenbendazole ranged between 88 and 100% with 95% reduction achieved on 10 farms. The controlled efficacy study showed a good correlation between the faecal egg count reduction tests and numbers of parasites recovered, except for Nematodirus where the faecal egg count reduction tests overestimated efficacy. The mortality rate in the safety trials was 0.05%, with most fatalities occurring on one farm.
Conclusion: The combination of naphthalophos and fenbendazole was more effective than a combination of naphthalophos and levamisole, and will provide a sufficiently safe drench rotation option.  相似文献   

Spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains in a fluid smectic phase of achiral molecules     

DR Link  G Natale  R Shao  JE Maclennan  NA Clark  E Korblova  DM Walba 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5345):1924-1927

A smectic liquid-crystal phase made from achiral molecules with bent cores was found to have fluid layers that exhibit two spontaneous symmetry-breaking instabilities: polar molecular orientational ordering about the layer normal and molecular tilt. These instabilities combine to form a chiral layer structure with a handedness that depends on the sign of the tilt. The bulk states are either antiferroelectric-racemic, with the layer polar direction and handedness alternating in sign from layer to layer, or antiferroelectric-chiral, which is of uniform layer handedness. Both states exhibit an electric field-induced transition from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric.  相似文献   

Calving rates in a tropical beef herd after treatment with a synthetic progestagen, norgestomet, or a prostaglandin analogue, cloprostenol     

JE FRISCH  CJ O'NEILL 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):98-102

Maiden heifers and lactating cows of known ovarian status and of several breeds were treated with a synthetic prostaglandin, cloprostenol, or a synthetic progestagen, norgestomet, at the start of an artificial insemination (AI) program. Animals in the cloprostenol treatment received 2 injections 10 days apart. Over the next 26 days those animals that showed oestrous behaviour were inseminated. Synchronisation rates and calving rates to insemination over the first 7 days were calculated. Those in the norgestomet treatment received an implant of norgestomet plus an injection of norgestomet and oestradiol valerate. The implant was removed 10 days later and the animals were given an injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). They were inseminated at 48 h (maiden heifers) or 56 h (lactating cows) after implant removal. Calving rates to fixed-time insemination were recorded. After completion of the AI program the animals in both treatments were joined with bulls. Overall calving rates (AI plus bulls) were calculated. By day 7 of the program, 82% of the maiden heifers and 76% of the lactating cows in the cloprostenol treatment had been detected in oestrus. By day 21 the respective figures were 99% and 81% Norgestomet treatment had an immediate and a prolonged effect on ovarian activity in those females classified as having inactive ovaries at the start of the AI program. Calving rates of those females to fixed-time AI and overall were similar to those of the females with active ovaries in both treatments. Their calving rates to fixed-time insemination, and overall calving rates for the lactating females, were significantly higher than the corresponding values of their contemporaries treated with cloprostenol and inseminated on observed oestrus over 7 days. For those females classified as having active ovaries at the start of the AI program, calving rates to first insemination and overall were similar for both treatments. Overall calving rates of lactating cows of each breed were, with one exception, higher in the norgestomet treatment than in the cloprostenol treatment. Although norgestomet treatment was more expensive than cloprostenol treatment, the advantage in calf crop resulted in an overall monetary advantage to the norgestomet treatment.  相似文献   

The effect of artificial photoperiod at the end of the breeding season on plasma testosterone concentrations in stallions     

JE COX  PH REDHEAD†  NMA JAWADS‡ 《Australian veterinary journal》1988,65(8):239-241

Testosterone concentrations in stallions showed a seasonal trend with peak concentrations in the spring (April and May in Britain) and lowest concentrations in the period from December to February. The effect on this pattern of changing the length of the photoperiod at the end of the normal breeding season (mid-summer's day) was studied in 2 experiments. In the first experiment artificial illumination was organised from 21 June to mimic the effect of transfer to a southern hemisphere spring and summer, that is short days becoming longer. The stallions had low concentrations of testosterone in February and high concentrations in April. Concentrations in July, August and September were extremely low with a return to high values in late November/early December. In the second experiment, illumination was maintained at the equivalent of a 16 1/2-hour day from 21 June to mid December. These stallions had high testosterone concentrations in April, after which they fell until August, later rising to a maximum in October. These results are discussed in relation to transfer of stallions between the northern and southern hemispheres.  相似文献   

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND HAEMATOLOGY OF HORSES COMPETING IN A THREE-DAY EVENT     

R. J. Rose  J. W. Backhouse†  J. E. Ilkiw 《Australian veterinary journal》1980,56(7):318-320

The electrocardiograms of 22 horses competing in a 3-day event were recorded before and after the event. In addition, blood samples were taken for determination of packed cell volume and total plasma protein before, during and after the speed and endurance phases (Day 2).
The electrocardiograms of 13 horses showed various abnormalities before the event, most of which were T wave changes. As a result of competition in the event, there was a significant increase in the number of leads showing T wave abnormalities when the electrocardiograms taken before and after the event were compared. At all times measurements were taken there were significant increases in packed cell volume and total plasma protein over values obtained prior to the event.  相似文献   

Aetiology and Endocrinology of Pseudopregnancy in the Goat     

MAM Taverne  JW Hesselink    MM Bevers  HA van  Oord JE Kornalijnslijper 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1995,30(4):228-230

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ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, HEART SCORE AND HAEMATOLOGY OF HORSES COMPETING IN AN ENDURANCE RIDE     

R. J. Rose    J. E. Ilkiw  D. Hodgson 《Australian veterinary journal》1979,55(5):247-250

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Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of ketamine infusions in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs before and during noxious stimulation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Boscan P  Pypendop BH  Solano AM  Ilkiw JE 《American journal of veterinary research》2005,66(12):2122-2129

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of ketamine administration on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems and on acid-base balance and to record adverse effects of ketamine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult mongrel dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane (1.25 times the individual minimum alveolar concentration) in oxygen, and ketamine was administered IV to target pseudo-steady-state plasma concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11 microg/mL. Isoflurane concentration was reduced to an equipotent concentration. Cardiovascular, respiratory, and acid-base variables; body temperature; urine production; and adverse effects were recorded before and during noxious stimulation. Cardiac index, stroke index, rate-pressure product, systemic vascular resistance index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, left ventricular stroke work index, right ventricular stroke work index, arterial oxygen concentration, mixed-venous oxygen concentration, oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, oxygen extraction ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure gradient, and venous admixture were calculated. Plasma ketamine and norketamine concentrations were measured. RESULTS: Overall, ketamine administration improved ventilation, oxygenation, hemodynamics, and oxygen delivery in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs in a dosedependent manner. With the addition of ketamine, core body temperature was maintained or increased and urine production was maintained at an acceptable amount. However, at the higher plasma ketamine concentrations, adverse effects such as spontaneous movement and profuse salivation were observed. Myoclonus and dysphoria were observed during recovery in most dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Infusion of ketamine appears to be a suitable technique for balanced anesthesia with isoflurane in dogs. Plasma ketamine concentrations between 2 to 3 microg/mL elicited the most benefits with minimal adverse effects.  相似文献