Rethinking biorational insecticides for pest management: unintended effects and consequences     

Khalid Haddi  Leonardo M Turchen  Luis O Viteri Jumbo  Raul NC Guedes  Eliseu JG Pereira  Raimundo WS Aguiar  Eugênio E Oliveira 《Pest management science》2020,76(7):2286-2293

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Findings in cattle consigned to Victorian knackeries between 2009 and 2018     

JG Gibney  SM Pefanis  MJ Jeffers  RJ Suter  JC Hunnam 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(8):396-404

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Investigation of Trichoderma species colonization of nursery grapevines for improved management of black foot disease     

Wynand J van Jaarsveld  Francois Halleen  Michael C Bester  Romain JG Pierron  Elodie Stempien  Lizel Mostert 《Pest management science》2021,77(1):397-405

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Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: A retrospective evaluation of 41 cases,using the ventral approach for treatment     

MJ Ritter  DJF von Pfeil  BJ Stanley  JG Hauptman  R Walshaw 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):333-337

AIMS: To review results of the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for the treatment of sialocoeles associated with the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the dog, and to determine rates of recurrence and complication following this procedure.

METHODS: Thirty-nine dogs with 41 sialocoeles that underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively evaluated with respect to signalment, aetiology, location of sialocoeles, duration of clinical signs, treatment prior to referral, post-operative use of antibiotics and drains, complications, and recurrence.

RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 5.1 (SD 3.8) years, and duration of clinical signs 6.6 (SD 10.6) months. Long-term follow-up was available for 31 dogs; the minimum was 8 months and mean 47.7 (SD 25.8) months post-surgery. There was no recurrence of sialocoeles following the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. Post- operatively, 6/35 (17%) cases developed a seroma at the surgical site. No breed or sex predisposition was determined. The cause of the sialocoele was unknown in 36/41 (88%) cases.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Excellent clinical results were achieved with a low rate of complications using the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual siaload- enectomy. The ventral approach is recommended to minimise the risk of recurrence of sialocoeles.  相似文献   

Advances in Reproductive Science for Wild Carnivore Conservation     

P Comizzoli  AE Crosier  N Songsasen  M Szykman Gunther  JG Howard  DE Wildt 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):47-52

Knowledge about reproduction is critical for predicting the viability of wildlife populations in nature and for managing breeding programmes in captivity. Intensive species-based studies are the priority, because reproductive mechanisms are extraordinarily diverse, even within the same taxonomic family. Carnivores deserve more attention as such species are highly vulnerable to environmental change and human persecution. The present review provides contemporary illustrations of how reproductive science is contributing to understand unique reproductive mechanisms that are both of fundamental and applied interest. In the case of the endangered African wild dog ( Lycaon pictus ) free-living in South Africa, non-invasive faecal corticosteroid assessments have yielded new insights about the impact of animal relocation and reintroduction on adaptive responses, reproductive fitness and survival. For the maned wolf ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ), advances have been made in characterizing and comparing reproductive traits in free-ranging vs captive individuals. For the cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus ), recent studies have focused on the cryosensitivity of sperm and the ability to develop a field-friendly sperm cryo-method. The by-product has been a large-scale frozen repository of sperm from wild-caught cheetahs useful for infusing new genes into ex situ populations. Finally, rigorous, multi-disciplinary and cross-institutional reproductive studies of the black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes ), including the use of artificial insemination, have contributed to the remarkable recovery and restoration of this species, once on the brink of extinction. In summary, advances in reproductive science are not necessarily related to 'assisted breeding'. However, understanding the unique ways of carnivore reproduction greatly contributes to species management and conservation.  相似文献   

The Breed and Season Effects on Scrotal Circumference and Semen Characteristics of Hair Sheep Rams Under Tropical Conditions     

MA Cárdenas‐Gallegos  JR Aké‐López  F Centurión‐Castro  JG Magaña‐Monforte 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):e92-e94

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the breed and season effects on scrotal circumference (SC) and semen characteristics of 28 mature hair sheep rams kept under tropical conditions. SCs, sperm concentration (SPC) and abnormal sperm were significantly affected by breed effect (p < 0.001). The season effect was significant in SPC (p < 0.0001) while ejaculate volume, mass motility and SPC were affected by breed × season interaction effect (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that the magnitude of the breed and season effects were not sufficient to affect the reproductive capacity of hair sheep rams throughout the year.  相似文献   

Participatory probabilistic assessment of the risk to human health associated with cryptosporidiosis from urban dairying in Dagoretti,Nairobi, Kenya     

Grace  Delia  Monda  Joseph  Karanja  Nancy  Randolph  Thomas F.  Kang&#;ethe  Erastus K. 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):33-40

We carried out a participatory risk assessment to estimate the risk (negative consequences and their likelihood) from zoonotic Cryptosporidium originating in dairy farms in urban Dagoretti, Nairobi to dairy farm households and their neighbours. We selected 20 households at high risk for Cryptosporidium from a larger sample of 300 dairy households in Dagoretti based on risk factors present. We then conducted a participatory mapping of the flow of the hazard from its origin (cattle) to human potential victims. This showed three main exposure pathways (food and water borne, occupational and recreational). This was used to develop a fault tree model which we parameterised using information from the study and literature. A stochastic simulation was used to estimate the probability of exposure to zoonotic cryptosporidiosis originating from urban dairying. Around 6 % of environmental samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Probability of exposure to Cryptosporidium from dairy cattle ranged from 0.0055 for people with clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in non-dairy households to 0.0102 for children under 5 years from dairy households. Most of the estimated health burden was born by children. Although dairy cattle are the source of Cryptosporidium, the model suggests consumption of vegetables is a greater source of risk than consumption of milk. In conclusion, by combining participatory methods with quantitative microbial risk assessment, we were able to rapidly, and with appropriate ‘imprecision’, investigate health risk to communities from Cryptosporidium and identify the most vulnerable groups and the most risky practices.  相似文献   

Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in dairy cattle, cattle-keeping families, their non-cattle-keeping neighbours and HIV-positive individuals in Dagoretti Division, Nairobi, Kenya     

E Kange'the  B McDermott  D Grace  C Mbae  E Mulinge  J Monda  C Nyongesa  J Ambia  A Njehu 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(Z1):11-16

This paper reports a study estimating the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis, an emerging zoonosis, in people and cattle in Dagoretti, Nairobi. A repeated cross-sectional survey was carried out among randomly selected cattle keepers in Dagoretti, their dairy cattle and their non-cattle-keeping neighbours in the dry and wet seasons of 2006. A survey was also carried out among a group of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts using the modified Ziehl-Neelsen method; 16?% of the samples were also examined using immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) technique. Quality control consisted of blind reviews of slides, examining split samples and confirming slide results with IFA. We found that members of dairy households had a dry season cryptosporidiosis prevalence of 4?% and wet season prevalence of 0.3?%, and non-dairy households, a prevalence of 5 and 0?%, respectively. The cattle dry season prevalence was 15?%, and the wet season prevalence, 11?%. The prevalence in people living with HIV was 5?%. The laboratory quality control system showed some inconsistency within and between different tests, indicating challenges in obtaining consistent results under difficult field and working conditions. In conclusion, this is the first reported study to simultaneously survey livestock, livestock keepers and their neighbours for cryptosporidiosis. We failed to find evidence that zoonotic cryptosporidiosis is important overall in this community. This study also draws attention to the importance of quality control and its reporting in surveys in developing countries.  相似文献   

紫外分光光度法测定氟苯尼考及其注射液的含量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯丽丽  张运莲  程建国  史卫平 《中国兽药杂志》2007,41(5):34-36

采用紫外分光光度法测定氟苯尼考原料药及其注射液的含量。实验结果表明,在0.05~0.5 mg/mL浓度范围内,氟苯尼考的吸光度与浓度呈现良好的线性关系(r=0.9997,n=6);与法定的高效液相色谱法检测结果无差异。  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN 14 DOGS WITH GALLBLADDER MUCOCELE     

JG Besso  DEDV  RH Wrigley  BVSc  MS DVR  JM Gliatto  VMD CRL Webster  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):261-271

Fourteen dogs with enlarged gallbladders and immobile stellate or finely striated bile patterns on ultrasound are described. Smaller breeds and older dogs were overrepresented, with 4/14 Cocker Spaniels. Most dogs presented for nonspecific clinical signs such as vomiting, anorexia and lethargy. Abdominal pain, icterus and hyperthermia were the most common findings on physical examination. All dogs except one had serum elevation of total bilirubin and/or alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase. All dogs were diagnosed with a gallbladder mucocele upon histologic and/or macroscopic evaluation. Ultrasonographically, mucoceles are characterized by the appearance of the stellate or finely striated bile patterns and differ from biliary sludge by the absence of gravity dependent bile movement. On ultrasound, gallbladder wall thickness and wall appearance were variable and nonspecific. The cystic or common bile duct were normal sized in 5 dogs although all 5 had evidence of biliary obstruction at surgery or necropsy. Loss of gallbladder wall integrity and/or gallbladder rupture were present in 50% of the dogs, all located in the fundus. Gallbladder wall discontinuity on ultrasound indicated rupture whereas neither bile patterns predicted the likelihood of gallbladder rupture. Pericholecystic hyperechoic fat or fluid were suggestive of but not diagnostic for a gallbladder rupture. Cholecystectomy appears to be an appropriate treatment for mucoceles, if not to treat a gallbladder rupture, at least in most dogs to prevent it since gallbladder wall necrosis was identified by histology in 9 of 10 dogs. Mucosal hyperplasia was present in all gallbladders examined histologically. Positive aerobic bacterial culture was obtained from bile in 6 of 9 dogs. Cholecystitis was diagnosed histologically in 5 dogs and 4 dogs had signs of gallbladder infection solely upon bacterial bile culture. Gallbladder infection was not present with all the mucoceles suggesting that biliary stasis and mucosal hyperplasia may be the primary factors involved in mucocele formation. Based on the results of our study, we suggest two alternate courses of action in the presence of a distended gallbladder with an immobile ultrasonographic stellate or finely striated bile pattern: a cholecystectomy when clinical or biochemical signs of hepatobiliary disease are present or a medical treatment (antibiotics and choleretics) and patient monitoring by follow-up ultrasound examinations when the patient does not have clinical or biochemical abnormalities. An aerobic bile culture should be obtained in all patients, by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirate or at surgery.  相似文献