OIL BIOREMEDIATION IN SALT MARSH MESOCOSMS AS INFLUENCED BY N AND P FERTILIZATION,FLOODING, AND SEASON     

WRIGHT  A. L.  WEAVER  R. W.  WEBB  J. W. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,95(1-4):179-191

Bioremediation of crude oil in salt marsh mesocosms growing Spartina alterniflora was investigated during winter and summer to determine the influence of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization, flooding, and season. Fertilization with urea and ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) applied at 75 or 150 kg N ha^-1 with or without P did not significantly (p = 0.05) increase oil or hydrocarbon degradation in continuously flooded mesocosms over an 82 day period during winter (temperature range of 17 to 30 °C). Phosphorus applied at 40 kg P ha^-1 significantly (p = 0.05) increased oil and hydrocarbon degradation. Nitrate (NO₃ ^-) added alone did not increase oil or hydrocarbon degradation, but when added with P, it significantly (p = 0.05) increased degradation above that for P alone. Up to 70% of applied oil and 75% of applied hydrocarbons were degraded in P supplemented treatments. Inipol, an oleophilic fertilizer containing N, P, and a dispersant, significantly increased oil and hydrocarbon degradation. During a 40 day summer experiment (temperature range of 27–42 °C), N and P fertilization did not increase oil or hydrocarbon degradation. For continuously flooded treatments, 72% of applied hydrocarbons were degraded while 51% were degraded in alternately flooded treatments. Mesocosms provided conditions suitable for quantitative recovery of oil and results indicated that N and P fertilization, flooding, and season interacted to influence oil bioremediation. Even under the most favorable conditions, more than 1 month was required for most of the oil to disappear.  相似文献   

Spawning of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in the second year after their escape     

J. H. WEBB  I. S. McLAREN  M. J. DONAGHY  A. F. YOUNGSON 《Aquaculture Research》1993,24(4):557-561

Abstract. The frequency of escaped farmed salmon in the River Polla, Scotland was estimated at spawning in 1990, the second year after the escape of 184000 fish from a sea-cage site nearby. Fourteen of 73 spawners examined were of farmed origin. In only six of these fish were scale growth patterns consistent with their being part of the documented escape. All of these fish carried the pigment canthaxanthin. Fifty-nine redds were constructed at spawning. Five of 54 redds sampled contained embryos or alevins bearing canthaxanthin. The frequency of fry bearing canthaxanthin was determined in samples obtained from the neighbouring Rivers Hope and Dionard following spawning in both 1989 and 1990. There was no evidence of substantial returns of salmon from the documented escape to these rivers. These findings and those of a previous study suggest that more than 95% of those fish which returned to rivers near the site of the documented loss did so in the first year after escape and that fewer than 0·5% of those fish which escaped returned within the 2 years of study.  相似文献   

Dog bites and bull terriers     

JK BLACKSHAW 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(3):117-118

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Assessment of Ram and Boar Spermatozoa during Cell-sorting by Flow Cytometry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

SL Catt  JK O'Brien  WMC Maxwell  G Evans 《Reproduction in domestic animals》1997,32(5):251-258

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Uterine Infection Influences Size and Follicular Fluid Composition of the Largest Follicle in Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)     

M Pande  GK Das  FA Khan  M Sarkar  JK Prasad  MC Pathak  H Kumar 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(1):79-84

The effect of uterine infection on size and follicular fluid composition of the largest follicle was studied in buffalo. Reproductive tracts were collected from 102 graded Murrah buffaloes at an abattoir. Uterine infection was diagnosed by physical examination of uterine mucus, white side test and uterine cytology. Samples with pus‐containing mucus, positive reaction on white side test and/or >5% neutrophils were considered to be positive for uterine infection. Diameter of the largest follicle was measured, and follicular fluid was aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide (NO), ascorbic acid (AA), cholesterol, oestradiol (E₂) and progesterone (P₄). Infected buffaloes had smaller‐sized (p < 0.0001) largest follicles than non‐infected buffaloes. Follicular fluid collected from the largest follicle in infected buffaloes had greater (p < 0.0001) NO and P₄ concentrations coincident with lesser AA (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and E₂ (p < 0.0001) concentrations. Results indicated that uterine infection has an inhibitory effect on growth of the largest follicle in buffalo. The changes in follicular fluid composition in infected buffaloes suggest that the direct effect of uterine infection on ovarian function may be mediated through an alteration in the follicular microenvironment. Greater NO and lesser AA concentrations in the follicular fluid of infected animals are novel findings.  相似文献   

Attitudes of dog owners to neutering pets: demographic data and effects of owner attitudes     

JK BLACKSHAW  C. DAY† 《Australian veterinary journal》1994,71(4):113-116

SUMMARY A survey of the attitudes of dog owners to desexing male and female dogs was conducted in the Brisbane area. Over 15800 replies (35% response) were returned for analyses and included both demographic and attitude data. The most common reasons given by owners for not having the dog desexed were that it was unnecessary or they wanted to breed from it or could not afford it or did not agree with it or that the dog was too old or it might get fat. Nearly twice as many male owners agreed that desexing male dogs removed maleness and also more males agreed with the question “Do you equate dog sexuality with human sexuality?” Female owners were more aware than males that their female dogs did not need to have a season (oestrus) or a litter before being desexed. More male owners thought that desexing changed a male or female dog's personality. A disturbing fact was that 61.1% of male owners and 47.3% of female owners would now not have their dog desexed if it had not already been done. More male than female dog owners were ignorant about whether desexing changed personality, made dogs frustrated, or if female dogs should have a season or a litter before desexing. The study showed a gender bias in owner attitudes to all the attitude questions.  相似文献   

The prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes on the central tablelands of New South Wales     

R. F. WEBB  S. J. OTTAWAY 《Australian veterinary journal》1986,63(1):13-16

A survey was undertaken to assess the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematode populations on 40 commercial farms distributed throughout the central tablelands of New South Wales. Representatives of the 2 major groups of broad spectrum anthelmintics with different modes of action (thiabendazole and levamisole) were used at the manufacturer's recommended dose rates. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of the reduction in faecal strongyle egg counts 7 days after treatment. An efficacy of less than 90% using both anthelmintics was obtained on 4 farms. Thiabendazole had an efficacy of less than 90% on a further 21 farms and levamisole had an efficacy of less than 90% on an additional 4 farms. There was no evidence of anthelmintic resistance on 8 farms, while the remaining 3 had insignificant parasite burdens. Based on larval cultures from faeces, Ostertagia and Trichostrongylus were the most significant species in resistant populations. Haemonchus burdens were sporadic and levels of resistance relatively low. Nematodirus burdens were widespread but no evidence of resistance was detected.  相似文献   

Release of Picloram from Roots*     

WARREN L. WEBB  MICHAEL NEWTON 《Weed Research》1972,12(4):391-394

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Influences of Follicular Size on Parthenogenetic Activation and in Vitro Heat Shock on the Cytoskeleton in Cattle Oocytes     

JK Tseng  CH Chen  PC Chou  SP Yeh  JC Ju 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(3):146-153

The availability of cow ovaries from the slaughterhouse has been very limited in Taiwan. To maximize the use of cow ovaries for research purposes, whole ovary dissection was performed and the developmental competence of the oocytes derived from different sizes of follicles was assessed by the rates of in vitro maturation (IVM) and parthenogenetic activation of the oocytes in Experiment 1 (Exp 1). Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from small (1-2 mm) and large (3-8 mm) follicles were subjected to standard IVM culture for 24 h. Mature oocytes were selected and then parthenogenetically activated using A23187 (5 microm, 5 min) or thimerosal (200 microm, 10 min) alone or combined with 6-dimethylaminopurine (2.5 mm and 3.5 h, respectively). Activation rates of the oocytes, neither from the large nor small follicles, were affected by different activation treatments (single or combined stimuli). Whereas maturation rates for the oocytes from large follicles were superior to those from small follicles in both the single (59% vs 45%) and combined treatments (76% vs 40%; p < 0.05). To understand how prolonged heat shock (HS) influences cytoskeletal configurations of mature bovine oocytes, in Experiment 2 (Exp 2), matured oocytes derived from large follicles were randomly allocated to different durations of HS treatments at 41.5 degrees C for 0 (C0h, control, n = 12), 1 (HS1h, n = 28), 2 (HS2h, n = 31), and 4 h (HS4h, n = 30). An additional control group was cultured for 4 h without HS (38.5 degrees C, 4 h, n = 35). Alterations in nuclear structures, microtubules (MTs), and microfilaments (MFs) of the oocytes were examined. Abnormalities in the chromosomes, spindle MTs and the percentages of oocytes with cytoplasmic MTs increased with time of HS treatment. The intensity of the MF distribution in the HS oocytes was also altered. Significant changes in the cytoskeleton after HS may be associated with the reduced development under hyperthermia and, perhaps, with the low pregnancy rates of the animals during hot seasons.  相似文献   

OXALATE NEPHROPATHY IN A HORSE     

R. F. WEBB  P. R. KNIGHT 《Australian veterinary journal》1977,53(11):554-555

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