Effects of double transport and season on sensorial aspects of lamb's meat quality in dry climates     

Miranda-de la Lama GC  Villarroel M  Campo Mdel M  Olleta JL  Sañudo C  María GA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):21-27

The objective of the current study was to analyse the effects of double transport and season on sensorial aspects of lamb's meat quality in dry climates. A total of 144 lambs were sampled in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design, testing three types of double transport along the residence time at a pre-slaughter classification centre or CC (0, 7 and 28 days) and two seasons (summer and winter), with two replicates in each season. Meat from the M. longissimus was analysed in terms of pH and WHC and tasted by a trained sensory panel in terms of lamb odour intensity, tenderness, juiciness, lamb flavour intensity, fat flavour intensity, liver flavour intensity, metallic flavour intensity and overall liking. Meat sensorial quality traits were not significantly affected by double transport. Season had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on all variables analysed, except for lamb flavour intensity and overall liking. Interactions between the fixed effects were not significant, with the exception of tenderness. Season significantly affects several sensorial variables, and they seem to be independent of double transport, with the exception of tenderness.  相似文献   

Evaluation of partial root-zone drying for potential field use as a deficit irrigation technique in commercial vineyards according to two different pipeline layouts     

Jordi Marsal  Merce Mata  Jesus del Campo  Amadeu Arbones  Xavier Vallverdú  Joan Girona  Natalia Olivo 《Irrigation Science》2008,26(4):347-356

The use of partial root-drying (PRD) irrigation implies doubling pipelines instead of using a conventional single pipeline. However, pipelines can be spaced a short distance apart (e.g. 1 m) along the vine row (“D” layout) or joined with cable ties and laid as a single pipeline (“S” layout). Pipelines in “S” configuration are laid under the vine row, and in “D” at both sides of the vine row. These two different layouts can change the wetted soil zone and affect grapevine response to irrigation. The focus of this study was therefore on establishing the role of pipeline layout in vine-grape (cv. ‘Tempranillo’) response under semi-arid conditions in which PRD is managed as a deficit irrigation technique. Six irrigation treatments were applied, which resulted from the combination of Control (C, full irrigation), PRD and seasonal sustained deficit irrigation (SSDI), and “S” and “D” pipeline layouts. SSDI and PRD were irrigated to 50% C throughout the irrigation season, and C irrigation was scheduled according to a crop water balance technique. Midday stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and leaf conductance (g_l) indicated that, on the whole, PRD treatments had a slightly higher water status than SSDI treatments, but a substantially lower status than C treatments. Use of the “D” pipeline layout significantly reduced Ψ_stem in both PRD and SSDI treatments and in some instances for Control conditions, too. Berry yield, vine intercepted radiation, leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and g_l were highly correlated with Ψ_stem. Differences in water status between PRD-S and SSDI-S, according to a sub-surface irrigation test, seemed to be more related to changes in soil evaporation losses and irrigation efficiency than to any intrinsic PRD effect. PRD-S accounted for water savings equivalent to 10% according to the ratio between applied water and grape production for the SSDI-S treatment, whereas PRD-D berry yield was not significantly different from that associated with the SSDI-S treatment. In conclusion, under the growing conditions of this experiment, PRD-S offered the possibility of slightly improving water conservation when irrigation was applied to the soil surface.  相似文献   

Reviewing capital cost estimations in aquaculture     

Sofia Ruiz Campo  Sergio Zuniga-Jara 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2018,22(1):72-93

This article reviews the discount rate or cost of capital (WACC) used as an input to estimate the net present value (NPV) in aquaculture research over the last 25 years. To that end, aquaculture articles, published in peer-reviewed journals using the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were collected. This article provides an approximate minimum profitability for new aquaculture feasibility studies according to the type of aquaculture marine commodities, the project type, and the location or country. The results show that the average WACC was 10.6%; this rate was significantly higher a) for algae than for crustaceans, mollusks, and fish; and b) for projects installed in developing countries than for developed countries. Because precisely estimating the WACC for each new project takes considerable time and is expensive, this study provides a useful baseline for many stakeholders, such as private investors, research centers, and government bodies, that provide financial support to aquaculture projects. This work will also benefit those who evaluate projects in other fields.  相似文献   

Seedling quality and field performance of commercial stocklots of containerized holm oak (Quercus ilex) in Mediterranean Spain: an approach for establishing a quality standard     

Antonio D. del Campo  Rafael M. Navarro  Carlos J. Ceacero 《New Forests》2010,39(1):19-37

Holm oak is the hardwood most used for reforestation in Mediterranean Spain, which makes the development of stock quality standards in order to improve establishment success, a priority. However, its nursery culture is characterized by a wide range of practices resulting in stock heterogeneity and a potentially varied outplanting performance. Previous research has focused on specific seedling quality attributes, obviating the integral effect of nursery culture on overall quality. We studied growing regime, seedling quality, and field performance in nine holm oak stocklots produced in commercial nurseries during two consecutive growing years. Results proved variations in field performance were related to stocklot quality and, hence, to the growing regime practised. This dependence on stock quality may vary with planting site weather: in the drier year, survival was related to attributes like height, water status and K concentration, while, in the second, milder year, only growth performance was related to nutrient concentrations, plant size and water status. Results indicated the following quality standards for height: 12–17 cm, diameter: 3.5–4.8 mm, shoot and root weights: 1.3–1.6 and 2.8–4.7 g, respectively, N–P–K foliar concentrations: over 10–0.9–3.7 mg g⁻¹, respectively and in water status parameters: E_MX < 5 MPa and SWD_TL > 15%. These attributes can be adjusted using nursery cultural practices in order to meet seedling quality standards for holm oak for planting across similar sites.  相似文献   

The chemical characterization of the aroma of dessert and sparkling white wines (Pedro Ximénez, Fino, Sauternes, and Cava) by gas chromatography-olfactometry and chemical quantitative analysis     

Campo E  Cacho J  Ferreira V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(7):2477-2484

Wines from Pedro Ximénez (PX), Fino, botrytized Sauternes, and Cava were screened by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), and the most relevant aroma compounds were further quantified in six different wines of each group. The comparison of GC-O and quantitative data with similar data from white young wines has made it possible to identify the aroma compounds potentially responsible for the specific sensory characteristics of these wines. Results have shown that all these wines are relatively rich in 3-methylbutanal, phenylacetaldehyde, methional, sotolon, and the ethyl esters of 2-, 3-, and 4-methylpentanoic acids. While Cava has a less specific aroma profile halfway between these special wines and young white wines, PX is richest in 3-methylbutanal, furfural, beta-damascenone, ethyl cyclohexanoate, and sotolon; Fino in acetaldehyde, diacetyl, ethyl esters of branched aliphatic acids with four, five, or six carbon atoms, and 4-ethylguaiacol; and Sauternes in phenylacetaldehyde, 3-mercaptohexanol, and 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentanone.  相似文献   

Aggregation of under canopy and bare soils in a Mediterranean environment affected by different fire intensities     

J. Campo  E. Gimeno-GarcíaV. Andreu  O. González-PelayoJ.L. Rubio 《CATENA》2008

Soil macroaggregation in relation to soil organic matter (SOM) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content was studied, before and after experimental fires of different intensities, in two environments (under canopy and on bare soil). In 1995, two experimental fire treatments, based on the addition of different biomass amounts, were applied on a set of nine plots at the Permanent Field Station of La Concordia (Valencia, Spain). Three plots were burned with high intensity fire (T1), three with moderate intensity (T2) and three plots were left unburned to be used as control treatment (T3).  相似文献   

Abrupt climate events 500,000 to 340,000 years ago: evidence from subpolar north atlantic sediments     

DW Oppo  JF McManus  JL Cullen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5355):1335-1338

Subpolar North Atlantic proxy records document millennial-scale climate variations 500,000 to 340,000 years ago. The cycles have an approximately constant pacing that is similar to that documented for the last glacial cycle. These findings suggest that such climate variations are inherent to the late Pleistocene, regardless of glacial state. Sea surface temperature during the warm peak of Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) varied by 0.5 degrees to 1 degrees C, less than the 4 degrees to 4.5 degrees C estimated during times of ice growth and the 3 degrees C estimated for glacial maxima. Coherent deep ocean circulation changes were associated with glacial oscillations in sea surface temperature.  相似文献   

Magnetic Field and Plasma Observations at Mars: Initial Results of the Mars Global Surveyor Mission   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

MH Acu?a  JEP Connerney  P Wasilewski  RP Lin  KA Anderson  CW Carlson  J McFadden  DW Curtis  D Mitchell  H Reme  C Mazelle  JA Sauvaud  C d'Uston  A Cros  JL Medale  SJ Bauer  P Cloutier  M Mayhew  D Winterhalter  NF Ness 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1676-1680

The magnetometer and electron reflectometer investigation (MAG/ER) on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has obtained magnetic field and plasma observations throughout the near-Mars environment, from beyond the influence of Mars to just above the surface (at an altitude of approximately 100 kilometers). The solar wind interaction with Mars is in many ways similar to that at Venus and at an active comet, that is, primarily an ionospheric-atmospheric interaction. No significant planetary magnetic field of global scale has been detected to date (<2 x 10(21) Gauss-cubic centimeter), but here the discovery of multiple magnetic anomalies of small spatial scale in the crust of Mars is reported.  相似文献   

The structure of the upper atmosphere of mars: In situ accelerometer measurements from mars global surveyor   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

GM Keating  SW Bougher  RW Zurek  RH Tolson  GJ Cancro  SN Noll  JS Parker  TJ Schellenberg  RW Shane  BL Wilkerson  JR Murphy  JL Hollingsworth  RM Haberle  M Joshi  JC Pearl  BJ Conrath  MD Smith  RT Clancy  RC Blanchard  RG Wilmoth  DF Rault  TZ Martin  DT Lyons  PB Esposito  MD Johnston  al et 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5357):1672-1676

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) z-axis accelerometer has obtained over 200 vertical structures of thermospheric density, temperature, and pressure, ranging from 110 to 170 kilometers, compared to only three previous such vertical structures. In November 1997, a regional dust storm in the Southern Hemisphere triggered an unexpectedly large thermospheric response at mid-northern latitudes, increasing the altitude of thermospheric pressure surfaces there by as much as 8 kilometers and indicating a strong global thermospheric response to a regional dust storm. Throughout the MGS mission, thermospheric density bulges have been detected on opposite sides of the planet near 90 degreesE and 90 degreesW, in the vicinity of maximum terrain heights. This wave 2 pattern may be caused by topographically-forced planetary waves propagating up from the lower atmosphere.  相似文献   

Effect of lipid composition on meat-like model systems containing cysteine, ribose, and polyunsaturated fatty acids   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Elmore JS  Campo MM  Enser M  Mottram DS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(5):1126-1132

This paper compares the volatile constituents of model systems containing the important meat aroma precursors cysteine and ribose, with and without either methyl linoleate, an n-6 fatty acid, or methyl alpha-linolenate, an n-3 acid, both of which are present in meat. Many of the volatile compounds formed from the reaction between cysteine and ribose were not formed, or formed in lower amounts, when lipid was present. This may be due to the reaction between hydrogen sulfide, formed from the breakdown of cysteine, and lipid degradation products. In addition, cysteine and ribose modified lipid oxidation pathways, so that alcohols and alkylfurans were formed rather than saturated and unsaturated aldehydes. Several volatile compounds, which have been found at elevated levels in cooked meat from animals fed supplements high in n-3 acids, were formed when methyl alpha-linolenate reacted with cysteine and ribose. The possible effects of increasing the n-3 content of meat upon flavor formation during cooking are discussed.  相似文献