Endometrial Expression of IFNAR‐1 and Oxytocin Receptor (OTR) is not Improved by Prostaglandin Analogues when Compared to Progestagens in Ewes     

I Ruiz‐González  MA Sánchez  RA García‐Fernández  P García‐Palencia  B Sánchez  CA Letelier  A González‐Bulnes  JM Flores 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(2):274-280

The objective of this study was to investigate differences on the endometrial immunoexpression of type I IFN receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) and oxytocin receptor (OTR) during the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep, when oestrus is synchronized with either prostaglandin analogues (group PG) or conventional progestagens (group P). Plasma progesterone was measured from day 0 to 21 post‐coitus (pc) (day 0 = day of oestrus). Immunohistochemistry was performed in samples of uterine horns from pregnant sheep on days 9pc, 13pc, 15pc, 17pc and 21pc to locate IFNAR1 and OTR expression in different endometrial compartments. Mean levels of plasma progesterone were different between treatments, obtaining higher levels in the PG group than in the P group (p < 0.05). Comparing days of pregnancy, IFNAR1 protein expression was different in the luminal epithelium (LE) (p < 0.05), while OTR was different in the LE and in the superficial glandular epithelium (SG) (p < 0.05). Temporal variation on the expression of both proteins from day 9pc to 21pc has been evidenced. IFNAR1 and OTR expression did not show significant differences between treatments. However, the response observed in the endometrium was highly inconsistent when prostaglandin analogues were used. Therefore, the protocol based on prostaglandin analogues still needs to be optimized before being considered as a better alternative to progestagens for oestrous synchronization in sheep.  相似文献   

The Effect of Glycerol Concentrations on the Post‐thaw In Vitro Characteristics of Cryopreserved Sex‐sorted Boar Spermatozoa     

I Parrilla  D del Olmo  I Caballero  T Tarantini  C Cuello  MA Gil  J Roca  EA Martinez  JM Vazquez 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2012,47(6):965-974

The objective of this study was to optimize protocols for the cryopreservation of sex‐sorted boar spermatozoa. In the experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of a standard boar sperm cryopreservation procedure (3% final glycerol concentration) on the in vitro characteristics of sex‐sorted sperm frozen at low sperm concentrations (20 × 10⁶ sperm/ml; S20 group). Non‐sorted spermatozoa frozen at 1000 × 10⁶ (C1000 group) and 20 × 10⁶ (C20 group) sperm/ml were used as the freezing control groups. In experiment 2, the effects of different final glycerol concentrations (0.16%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0%) on post‐thaw quality of the S20 and C20 groups were evaluated. In both experiments, the samples were evaluated prior to freezing (5°C) and at 30, 90 and 150 min after thawing. Experiment 1 indicated that freezing sperm at low concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) the total motility (TM) and progressive motility (PM) at 90 and 150 min after thawing regardless of whether the sperm were sorted or not. However, the sperm membrane integrity was not affected at any evaluation step. Inexperiment 2, significant effects on the TM and PM because of increased glycerol concentrations in the S20 and C20 groups were observed only at 90 and 150 min after thawing. The samples frozen in 3% glycerol showed lower (p < 0.05) TM and PM values when compared to those frozen in the presence of 0.5% and 1% glycerol. In both experiments, non‐sorted control samples displayed higher percentages of spermatozoa with damaged DNA than sorted spermatozoa. In conclusion, the optimization of cryopreservation conditions by decreasing the glycerol concentrations can improve post‐thaw motility of sex‐sorted spermatozoa frozen at low concentrations.  相似文献   

Consequences of Intrauterine Enrofloxacin Infusion on Mare Endometrium     

Jacobo S. Rodriguez  Sushan Han  Samuel Nielsen  Lisa K. Pearson  John M. Gay  Ahmed Tibary 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2012

Endometritis is an important cause of infertility in mares. Enrofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic to which most equine endometritis pathogens are not resistant. The objective of this study was to determine whether enrofloxacin is safe to use as a conventional intrauterine infusion treatment. Nine healthy mares received intrauterine infusions of enrofloxacin (Baytril 100, 100 mg/mL, Bayer Health Care LLC, Animal Health Division) at 2.5 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Ultrasonographic examination and vaginal examinations were performed during the study. Endometrial biopsies were performed before treatment (S0) and 24 hours after the last treatment (S1) to evaluate acute effects. For evaluating chronic effects, biopsies were performed at 14 days (S2) and 60 days posttreatment (S3). Biopsies were graded histologically by the Kenny and Doig category scale. Difference in histological biopsy grade before and after treatment was compared between biopsies by using a repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance. and significant changes in grades were used to assess treatment effects. The vaginal and ultrasonographic examination after intrauterine infusion of enrofloxacin showed that all mares had severe purulent vaginitis and uterine fluid accumulation of ≥2 cm, with ≥1.5-cm thickening of the endometrial wall which persisted in most mares until the end of the study. Histologically, there was acute endometrial ulceration, necrosis, and hemorrhage in biopsy S1 in all mares, categorized as grade III. In biopsy S2, most mares developed fibrosis and inflammation graded as IIb (four of nine mares) or III (four of nine mares). In biopsy S3, fibrosis was extensive and had variable inflammation, graded as IIb (two of nine mares) or III (five of nine mares), with some mares healing to grade IIa (two of nine mares). There was an overall worsening of endometrial biopsy grade from I to III at S3 compared with S0 (P < .001). These results confirm that enrofloxacin is not suitable for conventional intrauterine infusion treatment in mares.  相似文献   

Cefquinome Concentrations in Endometrium after Intrauterine Treatment of Cobactan 4.5%^® in Mares and Inflammatory Response of the Endometrium to this Treatment     

JM Parlevliet  DL Paccamonti  SA Barker 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(2):189-193

This study was conducted to measure the concentration of cefquinome in the endometrium of mares after intrauterine treatment and to evaluate associated inflammation. Mares (n = 14) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (i) control (n = 4) were either not treated (n = 2) or received (n = 2) lactated Ringer's intrauterine for 1 or 3 days; (ii) treated mares (n = 10) received intrauterine cefquinome for 1 or 3 days. After at least 10 days had passed following the last treatment and ovulation, mares were given Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and were randomly assigned to an alternate treatment. Endometrial biopsy samples were taken at 2, 8, 24 and 48 h, or at 4, 12 and 36 h, after the last treatment. Biopsy samples were taken at the same time points from control mares (n = 2) and lactated Ringer-treated mares (n = 2). Cefquinome concentrations were quantified using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and inflammation was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections. Concentrations of cefquinome [559 (1 day) and 595 μg/g (3 days) at 2 h, and 403 (1 day) and 370 μg/g (3 days) at 4 h] were similar between treatment groups at 2 and 4 h after treatment (p > 0.05). At 8 h, as well as at 24 and 48 h, concentrations were greater in the 3-day group (17 vs 301 μg/g, 3 vs 80 μg/g and 0.1 vs 0.2 μg/g, respectively) (p < 0.05). No significant differences (p > 0.05) in the inflammatory response at 2–48 h after treatment were found between groups.  相似文献   

Ataxia and paralysis in cats in Australia associated with exposure to an imported gamma-irradiated commercial dry pet food   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

G Child  DJ Foster  BJ Fougere  JM Milan  M Rozmanec 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(9):349-351

Between June 2008 and March 2009, 87 cats in Australia developed symmetrical hindlimb ataxia, paraparesis, tetraparesis, paraplegia or tetraplegia in association with eating an imported, irradiated dry pet food. This communication reports the clinical signs and outcomes of those cats.  相似文献   

Timing of Early Foetal Loss for Single and Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle     

F López-Gatius  P Santolaria  JL Yániz  JM Garbayo  RHF Hunter 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2004,39(6):429-433

The incidence of early foetal loss is increasing under intensive management systems for dairy cattle. The aims of the present study were to determine whether there is any peak period of pregnancy loss during the early foetal period and to evaluate possible differences between single and twin pregnancies. The study population consisted of 1442 pregnant cattle from a single herd. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography between 36 and 42 days after insemination, and then weekly until day 90 of gestation or until pregnancy loss. A total of 1310 cows (90.8%) bore single embryos and 132 (9.2%) carried twins. Pregnancy loss was registered in 139 (9.6%) cows before day 90 of pregnancy: 101 (7.7%) in single and 38 (28.8%) in twin pregnancies. The average time of pregnancy loss for all animals was 58.4 ± 12.6 days and ranged from 45 to 90 days. Seventy‐five per cent of the pregnancy losses were registered between 45 and 60 days of gestation. The average time of pregnancy loss for cows with singletons was 52.1 ± 4.1 days and ranged from 45 to 61 days and that for those with twins was 75.1 ± 12.4 days and ranged from 46 to 90 days. Seventy‐five per cent of the twin pregnancy losses were registered between 68 and 90 days of gestation. Our data show that the foetal loss in singleton pregnancies occurs earlier than in twin pregnancies. Assessment of normal development of gestation on days 60 and 90 after insemination is suggested.  相似文献   

Effect of Semen Extender and Density Gradient Centrifugation on the Motility and Fertility of Turkey Spermatozoa     

JM Morrell  B Persson  H Tjellström  A Laessker  H Nilsson  M Danilova  PV Holmes 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(6):522-525

In the absence of commercially viable methods for cryopreserving turkey spermatozoa, new processing methods are required to extend the functional life of stored turkey spermatozoa for artificial insemination. The present study evaluates the efficacy of a new extender (Turkey Semen Extend) and investigates the use of density gradient centrifugation in processing turkey spermatozoa for artificial insemination. The new extender is compared with two commercially available turkey semen extenders, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender and Ovodyl. Turkey spermatozoa in Turkey Semen Extend were still motile 20 h after collection, representing a considerable improvement over the other semen extenders (40%, 0% and 8% for Turkey Semen Extend, Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender and Ovodyl, respectively). A field trial on a commercial turkey farm showed improved fertilization rates following insemination of turkey hens with semen extended in Turkey Semen Extend (89.7%) compared with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (86.9%). This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Processing on a density gradient, optimized for turkey spermatozoa, also increased sperm survival (50% gradient-prepared spermatozoa still motile after 18 h compared with <10% non-processed spermatozoa). Preliminary studies indicate that gradient preparation of spermatozoa may aid survival during cryopreservation.  相似文献   

Permeability of the haustorium-host interface in powdery mildews     

J. L. Gay  J. M. Manners 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》1987,30(3)

The extent to which uranyl ions and peroxidase permeated haustorial complexes isolated from Pisum sativum infected with Erysiphe pisi was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Freshly isolated complexes were treated with uranyl acetate, either directly, or after treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes, or with Triton X-100 and the uranyl ion, precipitated with phosphate. The complexes were then fixed with glutaraldehyde and examined by TEM to determine the distribution of uranyl phosphate crystals.Two independent experiments, each involving the examination of 80 complexes, gave similar results. After direct uranyl treatment, crystals were excluded from 38% of the complexes, were present in the extrahaustorial matrix only in 19% and occurred throughout in 43%. Breaks were observed in the extrahaustorial membrane of the last two categories. Uranyl crystals bound to the outer (host cytoplasmic) surface of the extrahaustorial membrane and also to the matrical surface, where this was accessible. In addition, the few necrotic haustorial complexes observed were completely permeated.Following pre-treatments with pectinase and cellulase, or Triton X-100, uranyl crystals were present throughout the complexes in all or 96%, of the complexes respectively.In similar experiments involving treatment with horseradish peroxidase (instead of uranyl acetate) followed by the addition of hydrogen peroxide and 3,3-diaminobenzidene, electron opaque deposit occurred around the complexes but never internally in any part of them. Even where breaks in the extrahaustorial membrane were visible the extrahaustorial matrix was not permeated.It is concluded that the extrahaustorial membrane and haustorial plasma membrane are semipermeable in many of the isolated haustorial complexes but that some are damaged during isolation and purification procedures; that a barrier to diffusion exists where the extrahaustorial membrane is joined to the wall of the haustorial neck and in other parts of the neck wall so that the whole boundary of the extrahaustorial matrix restricts diffusion of solutes; and that the extrahaustorial matrix is a gel which precludes the passage of large molecules through it. The physiological implications of the results are discussed.  相似文献   

Functional Activity of Frozen Thawed Chinchilla lanigera Spermatozoa Cryopreserved with Glycerol or Ethylene Glycol     

MF Ponzio  JM Busso  M Fiol de Cuneo  RD Ruiz  AA Ponce 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2008,43(2):228-233

The cryopreservation of spermatozoa constitutes a valuable tool for the captive breeding management of valuable and/or threatened species. Chinchilla lanigera is a species almost extinct in the wild, and the domestic counterpart has one of the most valuable pelts in the world. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the functional activity of post‐thawed chinchilla spermatozoa cryopreserved at ?196°C either with glycerol (G) or ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectants (1 m final concentration) and (ii) investigate the effects of incubating the gametes for 4 h in the presence or in the absence of the cryoprotectants; evaluations were performed taking into account motility, viability, response to hypo‐osmotic shock and acrosome integrity of the cells. Parameters reflecting post‐thaw (0 h) sperm functional activity were significantly lower than those of freshly ejaculated gametes. When comparing the cryoprotectant efficiency of G vs EG, neither cryoprotectant agent offered appreciable advantages. After 4 h of incubation, in the presence or absence of the cryoprotectant agent, a rapid and significant decrease was found in all functional parameters and remained at ～ 20–30% motile, viable and viable acrosome intact cells. Viability was significantly lower when the cryoprotectant was removed from the media (possibly due to the centrifugation process). With respect to the maintenance of sperm membrane integrity, only ～ 10% of cells showed membrane resistance to hypo‐osmotic conditions after the 4 h incubation period. These results constitute new insights for cryopreservation protocols and the development of assisted reproductive techniques in this species.  相似文献   

Salmonella Enteritidis: the egg and I     

JM COX 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):108-115

SUMMARY: The world-wide clinical incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis has increased markedly. The increase is associated with the enhanced ability of the bacterium to systemically colonise layer chickens. Subsequent contamination and consumption of intact shell eggs from colonised layer hens, either directly or in foods containing raw or lightly cooked eggs, causes human disease. Despite investigation, no change in the biology of the bacterium has been correlated with increased colonisation in chickens. To date, no method of control at the production level has proven effective; consumer education is the best means of minimising the public health risk.  相似文献