禽用活疫苗SPF化现状及对兽用生物制品企业的影响     

杨培豫  刘文峰  何海蓉  何召庆  彭平  周建民 《中国兽药杂志》2008,42(1):33-36

目前,禽病防疫仍以疫苗免疫接种为主,疫苗安全性直接影响疫病防控效果,优质疫苗能预防疾病,提高家禽的生产性能,创造经济效益。相反,劣质疫苗可能对动物造成伤害,对环境造成污染,乃至威胁人类的健康。因此,选择安全高效的优质疫苗是做好家禽疫病防疫的关键。为保证疫苗质量安全,实行禽用活疫苗SPF化已经势在必行。  相似文献   

Efficacy of a single application of a 12.5% pyriprole topical solution against laboratory infestations with ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus) on dogs     

Schuele G  Barnett S  Bapst B  Cavaliero T  Luempert L  Strehlau G  Young DR  Moran C  Junquera P 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,154(3-4):311-317

In three separate studies, the efficacy of a single treatment with a 12.5% pyriprole spot-on solution was investigated against induced infestation with Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs (both sexes; Beagles in Studies 1 and 2, mixed-breed in Study 3). For each tick species, one group of 8 dogs left untreated (Studies 1 and 2) or treated with a placebo solution (Study 3) was compared with another group treated once with the spot-on solution at a dose rate of at least 12.5mg/kg. The dogs were infested with 50 unfed adult ticks of the respective species at various time-points before and after treatment and the surviving attached and unattached ticks were recorded 48 h after re-infestation. For each tick species, efficacy was assessed for each time-point and cumulatively for the whole evaluation period. The dogs were submitted to general health observations and clinical assessments during the study. Efficacy against I. ricinus and R. sanguineus was 100% during the whole evaluation period of 30 days. For D. reticulatus cumulative efficacy for the 30 days after treatment was 98.9%. The product was well tolerated by all the animals.  相似文献   

Malignant melanoma involving the aorta in a dog     

Moran S  Johnson RP  Kreplin CM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1983,24(5):148-149

A four year old female Siberian husky presented with shifting hind limb lameness was euthanized and found to have disseminated malignant melanoma without oral, cutaneous or ocular involvement. The largest and possibly primary mass involved the aorta and sublumbar muscles and occluded as well as penetrated the aorta. Numerous smaller tumors were present in skeletal and soft tissues of both hind limbs, suggesting hematogenous spread from the aortic lesion.  相似文献   

Use of Vaginal Electrical Resistance to Diagnose Oestrus,Dioestrus and Early Pregnancy in Synchronized Tropically Adapted Beef Heifers     

CD Hockey  ST Norman  JM Morton  D Boothby  NJ Phillips  MR McGowan 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(4):629-636

The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a single measurement of intravaginal electrical resistance (VER), using the commercially available Ovatec^® probe, can discriminate between dioestrus and oestrus in Bos indicus females, which had been treated to synchronize oestrus. Santa Gertrudis heifers (n = 226) received one of three oestrous synchronization treatments: double PGF_2α 10 days apart, 8‐day controlled internal drug release (CIDR) treatment or CIDR pre‐synchronization + PGF_2α 10 days after CIDR removal. The heifers were inseminated within 12 h following observed oestrus, or, if not observed, at a fixed time approximately 80 h, following the last synchronization treatment. They were palpated per rectum for signs of pregnancy 9 weeks after artificial insemination (AI). Vaginal electrical resistance measurements were taken at the completion of synchronization treatments (presumed dioestrus), immediately prior to AI (oestrus), and then at 3 and 9 weeks post‐AI. Mean VER differed between presumed dioestrus and oestrus (113.7 vs 87.4, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was 0.925, indicating that VER was highly discriminatory between dioestrus and oestrus. Vaginal electrical resistance at time of AI was negatively associated with odds of conception when all inseminations were included in the analyses [odds ratio (OR) = 0.97; 95% CI 0.95–1.00; p = 0.018], but not when fixed time AIs were excluded (OR = 1.00; 95% CI 0.97–1.03; p = 0.982). Mean VER readings differed between pregnant and non‐pregnant animals at both 3 weeks (120.5 vs 96.7, p < 0.001) and 9 weeks (124.0 vs 100.3, p < 0.001) post‐AI. However, 3‐ and 9‐week VER measurements were not highly discriminatory between pregnancy and non‐pregnancy (area under ROC curve = 0.791 and 0.736, respectively). Mean VER at time of AI for animals diagnosed in oestrus differed between each of the oestrous synchronization treatments (84.7, 73.6 and 78.9, groups 1–3 respectively, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that measurement of VER may improve accuracy of oestrus diagnoses when selecting cattle for AI following oestrous synchronization programmes involving tropically adapted cattle.  相似文献   

Warm oceans exacerbate Chinook salmon bycatch in the Pacific hake fishery driven by thermal and diel depth-use behaviours     

Megan C. Sabal  Kate Richerson  Paul Moran  Taal Levi  Vanessa J. Tuttle  Michael Banks 《Fish and Fisheries》2023,24(6):910-923

Fisheries bycatch impacts marine species globally and understanding the underlying ecological and behavioural mechanisms could improve bycatch mitigation and forecasts in novel conditions. Oceans are rapidly warming causing shifts in marine species distributions with unknown, but likely, bycatch consequences. We examined whether thermal and diel depth-use behaviours influenced bycatch of a keystone species (Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Salmonidae) in the largest fishery on the US West Coast (Pacific hake; Merluccius productus, Merlucciidae) with annual consequences in a warming ocean. We used Generalized Additive Models with 20 years of data including 54,509 hauls from the at-sea hake fishery spanning Oregon and Washington coasts including genetic information for five salmon populations. Our results demonstrate that Chinook salmon bycatch rates increased in warm ocean years explained by salmon depth-use behaviours. Chinook salmon typically occupy shallower water column depths compared to hake. However, salmon moved deeper when sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were warm and at night, which increased overlap with hake and exacerbated bycatch rates. We show that night fishing reductions (a voluntary bycatch mitigation strategy) are effective in reducing salmon bycatch in cool SSTs by limiting fishing effort when diel vertical movements bring salmon deeper but becomes less effective in warm SSTs as salmon seek deeper thermal refugia during the day. Thermal and diel behaviours were more pronounced in southern compared with northern salmon populations. We provide mechanistic support that climate change may intensify Chinook salmon bycatch in the hake fishery and demonstrate how an inferential approach can inform bycatch management in a changing world.  相似文献   

Evidence that moxidectin is a greater risk factor than ivermectin in the development of resistance to macrocyclic lactones by Ostertagia spp in sheep in south eastern Australia     

DK Rendell  TE Rentsch  JM Smith  DS Chandler  APL Callinan 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):313-317

AIM: To determine associations between resistance of Ostertagia (= Teladorsagia) spp to macrocyclic lactone (ML) anthelmintics and history of use of anthelmintics, by type, on commercial sheep farms in temperate regions of southern South Australia and Victoria, Australia.

METHODS: Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRTs) were conducted during a 2.5-year period (from August 2001 to January 2004) and records of the type of anthelmintic used in the 5 years preceding the FECRTs were collected from commercial sheep farms (n=103) in southern South Australia and Victoria, and data analysed retrospectively. ML resistance was defined as <95% reduction of Ostertagia spp 10–14 days after treatment with ivermectin (IVM), orally, at half the manufacturer's recommended dose rate. Use of anthelmintics in the preceding 5 and 10 years on each property was classified according to the nett number of years each of the following classes of drug had been used: IVM oral liquid (IVO), IVM controlled-release capsules (CRCs), abamectin (ABA), moxidectin (MOX) or a non-ML an- thelmintic. The prevalence of ML resistance, by property, was analysed for associations with prior use of anthelmintics.

RESULTS: Resistance by Ostertagia spp to ML anthelmintics was evident on 51/103 (49.5%) properties. The prevalence of resistance was lowest (23%) on properties on which MOX had not been used, and was significantly higher (64–77%) on properties on which MOX had been used for ≥2 of the preceding 5 years (p<0.001). In contrast, the prevalence of resistance was highest (70–74%) on the properties on which IVM, or IVM and/ or ABA, had not been used in the previous 5 years (on which the use of MOX was predominant), and was markedly lower (20– 42%) on properties that had used IVM or IVM and/or ABA for at least one of the preceding 5 years. Prevalence of resistance was higher for properties on which the only ML anthelmintic used was MOX (19/29=66%) than for those on which the only ML used was IVO (2/19=11%; p<0.001). Properties on which the only ML used was MOX were 2.72 times more likely to have resistance than properties on which the only ML used was IVO (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–5.08).

CONCLUSION: Use of MOX for ≥2 of the preceding 5 years was associated with a higher prevalence of resistance to ML by Ostertagia spp on sheep farms in south eastern Australia than the use of IVO.  相似文献   

X-ray computed tomography to quantify tree rooting spatial distributions   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Alain Pierret  Yvan Capowiez  Christopher J. Moran  Andr Kretzschmar 《Geoderma》1999,90(3-4):307-326

Poor root development due to constraining soil conditions could be an important factor influencing health of urban trees. Therefore, there is a need for efficient techniques to analyze the spatial distribution of tree roots. An analytical procedure for describing tree rooting patterns from X-ray computed tomography (CT) data is described and illustrated. Large irregularly shaped specimens of undisturbed sandy soil were sampled from various positions around the base of trees using field impregnation with epoxy resin, to stabilize the cohesionless soil. Cores approximately 200 mm in diameter by 500 mm in height were extracted from these specimens. These large core samples were scanned with a medical X-ray CT device, and contiguous images of soil slices (2 mm thick) were thus produced. X-ray CT images are regarded as regularly-spaced sections through the soil although they are not actual 2D sections but matrices of voxels 0.5 mm×0.5 mm×2 mm. The images were used to generate the equivalent of horizontal root contact maps from which three-dimensional objects, assumed to be roots, were reconstructed. The resulting connected objects were used to derive indices of the spatial organization of roots, namely: root length distribution, root length density, root growth angle distribution, root spatial distribution, and branching intensity. The successive steps of the method, from sampling to generation of indices of tree root organization, are illustrated through a case study examining rooting patterns of valuable urban trees.  相似文献   

The accuracy and limitations of a new meter used to measure aqueous carbon dioxide     

Damian Moran  Bjrn Tirsgrd  John F. Steffensen 《Aquacultural Engineering》2010,43(3):101-107

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Carbon dioxide degassing in fresh and saline water. II: Degassing performance of an air-lift     

Damian Moran   《Aquacultural Engineering》2010,43(3):120-127

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Visualization of three-dimensional chaos     

GO Fountain  DV Khakhar  JM Ottino 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,281(5377):683-686

Most chaotic mixing experiments have been restricted to two-dimensional, time-periodic flows, and this has shaped advances in theory as well. A prototypical, bounded, three-dimensional flow with a moderate Reynolds number is presented; this system lends itself to detailed experimental observation and allows for high-precision computational inspection. The flow structure, captured by means of cuts with a laser sheet (experimental Poincare section), was visualized with the use of continuously injected fluorescent dye streams and revealed detailed chaotic structures with high-period islands.  相似文献