Vaccine efficacy for reducing turbinate atrophy and improving growth rate in piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis     

MJ KABAY  AR MERCY  JM LLOYD  GM ROBERTSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):101-103

Two vaccines, based on formalin-killed whole cells of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D and Bordetella bronchiseptica combined with a partially toxoided cell extract of P multocida, were prepared with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (vaccine 1) or by alum precipitation (vaccine 2). Each was tested for safety and efficacy in reducing the severity of nasal turbinate atrophy and improving the growth rate of pigs in three Western Australian commercial piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis. In safety experiments with vaccine 1, no adverse clinical effects were observed in vaccinated sows or their progeny. Piglets receiving vaccine 2 showed no injection site abnormalities, pyrexia or turbinate atrophy. In field trials, vaccine 1 significantly reduced the prevalence of moderate to severe nasal turbinate atrophy (Done score 3 to 5) when used in two piggeries (A and B). Progeny from vaccinated sows in piggery B also grew significantly faster than controls. When vaccine 2 was used in piggery A at a later date and in another piggery (C), growth rate was not improved in either piggery and the prevalence of moderate to severe turbinate atrophy was reduced only in piggery C.  相似文献   

Diagnosing feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infection: an update for clinicians     

ME Westman  R Malik  JM Norris 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(3):47-55

With the commercial release in Australia in 2004 of a vaccine against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV; Fel‐O‐Vax FIV®), the landscape for FIV diagnostics shifted substantially. Point‐of‐care (PoC) antibody detection kits, which had been the mainstay for diagnosing FIV infection since the early 1990s, were no longer considered accurate to use in FIV‐vaccinated cats, because of the production of vaccine‐induced antibodies that were considered indistinguishable from those produced in natural FIV infections. Consequently, attention shifted to alternative diagnostic methods such as nucleic acid detection. However, over the past 5 years we have published a series of studies emphasising that FIV PoC test kits vary in their methodology, resulting in differing accuracy in FIV‐vaccinated cats. Importantly, we demonstrated that two commercially available FIV antibody test kits (Witness? and Anigen Rapid?) were able to accurately distinguish between FIV‐vaccinated and FIV‐infected cats, concluding that testing with either kit offers an alternative to PCR testing. This review summarises pertinent findings from our work published in a variety of peer‐reviewed research journals to inform veterinarians (particularly veterinarians in Australia, New Zealand and Japan, where the FIV vaccine is currently commercially available) about how the approach to the diagnosis of FIV infection has shifted. Included in this review is our work investigating the performance of three commercially available FIV PoC test kits in FIV‐vaccinated cats and our recommendations for the diagnosis of FIV infection; the effect of primary FIV vaccination (three FIV vaccines, 4 weeks apart) on PoC test kit performance; our recommendations regarding annual testing of FIV‐vaccinated cats to detect ‘vaccine breakthroughs’; and the potential off‐label use of saliva for the diagnosis of FIV infection using some FIV PoC test kits. We also investigated the accuracy of the same three brands of test kits for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) diagnosis, using both blood and saliva as diagnostic specimens. Based on these results, we discuss our recommendations for confirmatory testing when veterinarians are presented with a positive FeLV PoC test kit result. Finally, we conclude with our results from the largest and most recent FIV and FeLV seroprevalence study conducted in Australia to date.  相似文献   

Assessment of the efficacy of an autogenous vaccine against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in young Merino sheep     

KJ Stanger  H McGregor  M Marenda  JM Morton  JWA Larsen 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2019,67(1):27-35

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Conventional bone plate fixation of distal radius and ulna fractures in toy breed dogs          下载免费PDF全文

JM Ramírez  C Macías 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(3):76-80

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Live and inactivated vaccine regimens against caecal Salmonella Typhimurium colonisation in laying hens          下载免费PDF全文

PJ Groves  SM Sharpe  WI Muir  A Pavic  JM Cox 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(10):387-393

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Development of a model for investigation of perennial ryegrass toxicosis in sheep     

MD Combs  SH Edwards  JM Scherpenhuizen  EJ Narayan  AE Kessell  J Piltz 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2018,66(6):281-289

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Pyometra and unilateral uterine horn torsion in a sheep          下载免费PDF全文

JM Castillo  JC Dockweiler  SH Cheong  M Diel de Amorim 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2018,53(1):274-277

A 13‐year‐old Romanov sheep presented for evaluation of vaginal discharge, depression and anorexia. Blood work demonstrated mature neutrophilia and marked hyperlactatemia. Transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound revealed echogenic fluid (pus) within the uterus. Purulent uterine fluid culture yield Escherichia coli. A diagnosis of pyometra was made. After medical treatment without clinical improvement, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, and a 360‐degree uterine left horn torsion was identified with the pyometra and multiple corpora lutea on both ovaries. Ovariohysterectomy was performed and the ewe recovered uneventfully.  相似文献   

Present and future feasibility of short-rotation energy farms in Ontario     

Lesley A. Moran  Jagdish C. Nautiyal 《Forest Ecology and Management》1985,10(4):323-338

The economic feasibility of energy farming based on Populus × euramericana (clone I45/51) in eastern Ontario has been evaluated for two potential energy end-uses: direct combustion and methanol production. Optimal management regime and the time when energy farming should begin to be economically most desirable have been determined. Three-year rotations with 16–35 thousand stumps/ha planted and coppiced for 5–6 rotations could be an attractive enterprise in about 15 years. Farming for methanol production could be feasible only about 35 years from now.  相似文献   

Pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in normal cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy     

Koffas H  Dukes-McEwan J  Corcoran BM  Moran CM  French A  Sboros V  Simpson K  McDicken WN 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(1):65-77

Myocardial motion was quantified in normal cats (n = 25) and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (n = 23) using the pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technique. A physiologic nonuniformity was documented in the myocardial motion of normal cats, which was detected as higher early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration in the interventricular septum compared with the left ventricular free wall (LVFW). HCM cats exhibited lower early diastolic velocities, acceleration, and deceleration and also prolonged isovolumic relaxation time compared with normal cats. These differences were detected mainly along the longitudinal axis of the heart. A cutoff value of E' in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis >7.2 cm/s discriminated normal from HCM cats with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 87%. The physiologic nonuniformity of myocardial motion during diastole was lost in affected cats. Systolic impairment (decreased late-systolic velocities in most segments along the longitudinal axis and decreased early systolic acceleration in both mitral annular sites) was evident in HCM cats irrespective of the presence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and congestive heart failure. Postsystolic thickening was recorded in the LVFW along the longitudinal axis only in affected cats (n = 6) and was another finding indicative of systolic impairment in the HCM of this species. This study identified both diastolic and systolic impairment in cats with HCM compared with normal cats. The study also documents the normal physiologic nonhomogeneity in myocardial motion in cats and the subsequent loss of this feature in the HCM diseased state.  相似文献   

Bacterial taxa that limit sulfur flux from the ocean     

Howard EC  Henriksen JR  Buchan A  Reisch CR  Bürgmann H  Welsh R  Ye W  González JM  Mace K  Joye SB  Kiene RP  Whitman WB  Moran MA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):649-652

Flux of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from ocean surface waters is the predominant natural source of sulfur to the atmosphere and influences climate by aerosol formation. Marine bacterioplankton regulate sulfur flux by converting the precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) either to DMS or to sulfur compounds that are not climatically active. Through the discovery of a glycine cleavage T-family protein with DMSP methyltransferase activity, marine bacterioplankton in the Roseobacter and SAR11 taxa were identified as primary mediators of DMSP demethylation to methylmercaptopropionate. One-third of surface ocean bacteria harbor a DMSP demethylase homolog and thereby route a substantial fraction of global marine primary production away from DMS formation and into the marine microbial food web.  相似文献