Invasive black spiny‐tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura similis) on Gasparilla Island,Florida, USA     

Michael L. AVERY  Eric A. TILLMAN  Conny SPURFELD  Richard M. ENGEMAN  Kelin P. MACIEJEWSKI  Jessica D. BROWN  Emily A. FETZER 《Integrative zoology》2014,9(5):590-597

The native range of Ctenosaura similis extends from southern Mexico through Panama. From an initial introduction of 3 animals in 1979, the species now numbers in the thousands on Gasparilla Island in southwest Florida. In response to complaints of property damage from residents and threats to native species, local officials and the US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services began a removal program in 2008. Through 2011, trappers removed 9467 ctenosaurs. The number removed declined from 32 iguanas/day in 2008 to 1.9 iguanas/day in 2011 despite no easing of the control effort. We necropsied 2757 ctenosaurs to document aspects of their natural history. Females outnumbered males overall, although the largest size class (>300 mm snout–vent length) included 32 males and just 2 females. Reproduction was seasonal. We found oviducal eggs in females from early Apr to early Jun, approximately 2 months later than C. similis in its native range. We trapped hatchlings from late Jul to early Oct coincident with the summer rainy season. Clutch size increased with female body size, with 62 being the largest clutch size recorded. In general, the biology of the invasive population on Gasparilla Island resembles native C. similis populations in Central America, except for the lack of large individuals. We suggest that shorter day length and colder temperatures create environmental conditions that are suboptimal for individual growth compared to those in the native range.  相似文献   

Microdochium bolleyi associated with root rot of flax     

D. L. R. BLACK  AVERIL E. BROWN 《Plant pathology》1986,35(4):592-594

  相似文献   

Traders' preference for goat characteristics in selected markets of Pangasinan, Philippines     

Maria Excelsis M. ORDEN  Wilfred E. JAMANDRE  Ernesto O. BROWN  Edgar A. ORDEN  Emilio M. CRUZ  Ana Marie P. ALO  Edwin C. VILLAR 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):179-185

Preference for goat characteristics was determined from 42 traders in six markets in Pangasinan, an important trading center for goats in Luzon, the Philippines, and analyzed using a hedonic price model to determine whether these characteristics are important price determinants of goats. This information is important to goat raisers to respond to the needs of the local market, and thus to achieve a better price and higher income in goat raising. Meatiness, size, breed, sex and age (in descending order) were the dominant goat characteristics preferred by traders. Meatiness had the largest positive influence on price, with a price premium of US$6.24 (US$1.00 = PhP 53), whereas the age of the animal had the smallest influence at US$3.72. However, size and meatiness are manifestations of good breeds. Therefore, continued efforts to improve breeds in order to produce good quality goats are imperative to cater to market needs. Different characteristics implied different price premiums. Traders offered a higher price premium for better goat characteristics; thus, the improvement of these characteristics could result in higher returns for goat raisers.  相似文献   

PCR-based detection of Colletotrichum acutatum on strawberry   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

S. SREENIVASAPRASAD  K. SHARADA  A. E. BROWN  & P. R. MILLS 《Plant pathology》1996,45(4):650-655

An oligonucleotide primer ( Ca Int 2) was synthesized from the variable internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from Colletotrichum acutatum . PCR with primers Ca Int2 and ITS4 (from a conserved sequence of the rDNA) amplified a 490 bp fragment from several isolates of C. acutatum but not from other members of the genus Colletotrichum . Amplification of this fragment was achieved from 100 fg of fungal DNA. These primers amplified a fragment of the same size from DNA extracted from strawberry tissues infected by C. acutatum . Southern hybridization analysis confirmed the 490 bp fragment from C. acutatum DNA and infected strawberry to be identical. The species-specific primer ( Ca Int2) developed in this work could be used for the accurate identification of C. acutatum and its detection on other host plants.  相似文献   

Adaptation of barley powdery mildew populations in England to varieties with two resistance genes   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

J. K. M. BROWN  C. G. SIMPSON  M. S. WOLFE† 《Plant pathology》1993,42(1):108-115

In 1986, two spring barley cultivars were widely grown in the UK for the first time: Klaxon, which carries the powdery mildew resistance alleles Mla7, Mlk and Ml ( La ), and Natasha ( Mla12 + Ml(Ab) ). Significant amounts of a third cultivar, Doublet ( Mla7+ Ml(La) ), were grown for the first time in 1986. The individual resistance genes, and the combination Mla7+Mlk , had previously been used separately in different varieties. Isolates of the mildew pathogen Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei , which were virulent on Doublet and Klaxon, were rare up to June 1986. One clone of E. g. f.sp. hordei , virulent on Doublet and Klaxon, increased in frequency from < 1% to 36% from June to October 1986, in samples from the airborne population in Cambridge, UK. This consisted of isolates with apparently identical virulences, responses to fungicides and genetic fingerprints. It also formed the majority of Doublet-virulent mildew sampled from a field of Doublet near Cambridge in 1987. By contrast, isolates virulent on Natasha were already common and genetically diverse in 1985:22 of 100 isolates sampled in October 1985, belonging to 13 races, were virulent. Natasha appeared not to influence the E. g. f.sp. hordei population greatly, as the frequency of Natasha-virulent isolates fell slightly, from 15·5% to 11·7% between June and October 1986. No single clone predominated in the Natasha-virulent population. These results support the view that new epidemics of barley powdery mildew in the UK arise by highly stochastic evolution of E. g. f.sp. hordei populations. They also indicate that varieties with new combinations of previously exposed resistance genes do not necessarily provide durable control of mildew, because the frequency of a virulent clone may rise rapidly.  相似文献   

MERCHANT & PACKER''S VETERINARY BACTERIOLOGY AND TUBERCULOSIS     

JOHN FRANCIS D.Sc.  F.R.C.V.S. 《Australian veterinary journal》1968,44(10):485-485

  相似文献   

Laboratory studies on erysipelas. II. Use of various cultures in production of infection in pigs by skin scarification     

GOUGE HE  BOLTON R  BROWN R 《American journal of veterinary research》1956,17(62):132-134

  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC INTESTINAL HYPERECHOIC MUCOSAL STRIATIONS IN DOGS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LACTEAL DILATION     

JAMES SUTHERLAND-SMITH  DOMINIQUE G. PENNINCK  JOHN H. KEATING  CYNTHIA R. L. WEBSTER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2007,48(1):51-57

In this retrospective study, the medical records of 23 dogs with the sonographic feature of small intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations and an endoscopic or surgical intestinal biopsy were reviewed. Histopathologic lacteal dilation was present in 96% of dogs with mucosal striations. Sonographic findings associated with mucosal striations included: mild jejunal wall thickening (96%), mild duodenal wall thickening (78%), mucosal speckles (70%), and abdominal effusion (87%). The mucosal striations were diffuse (70%) or multifocal (30%) and did not cause loss of wall layering, except in one dog with a severe mural lipogranuloma. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was identified in 9% of dogs. Thirteen dogs with endoscopic biopsies had mild to moderate villus lacteal dilation and the nine dogs with surgical biopsies had moderate to severe dilation. Inflammatory infiltrates were mild (61%) or moderate (30%) with variable numbers and combinations of cells, including eosinophils (65%), plasma cells (61%), lymphocytes (57%), and neutrophils (30%); one dog had disseminated villus histiocytic sarcoma. The biochemistry changes and clinical signs were consistent with protein-losing enteropathy in 78% of dogs. Hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation and are frequently associated with mucosal inflammation and protein losing enteropathy.  相似文献   

AN IMPROVISED POLE TESTING MACHINE     

JOHN M. TURNBULL  P. M. D. KROGH 《Southern Forests》2013,75(1):103-107

SYNOPSIS

The paper describes the measures taken to try to understand the impact the harvesting of lianes, Secamone gerrardii and Secamone alpinii, has on montane-forests in the Tzaneen area. Based on these findings an interim decision needs to be taken on whether harvesting at present rates should continue or not. Nine monitoring plots have been laid out in two forests in the area. The purpose of these plots was: firstly, to determine how many baskets could be made per hectare of forest; secondly, to describe immediate damage to the forest from harvesting; thirdly, to measure diameter growth rates and to monitor coppice regeneration.  相似文献   

Electrosurgical Arthrotomy and Excision of Soft Tissue Masses in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint of the Horse     

HENRY W. JANN dvm  ms  G. E. FACKELMAN dvm  Diplomateacvs  P. D. KOBLIK dvm  ms  Diplomateacvr B. D. PERDUE dvm   《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(6):429-434

Electrosurgical arthrotomy and excision of infra-articular soft tissue masses from the metacarpophalangeal joint was performed in 12 horses. In six of the 12 horses, osteochondral fragments from the dorsoproximal aspects of the first phalanx were also removed. The electrosurgical scalpel afforded excellent intraoperative efficacy for arthrotomy and relatively bloodless excision of soft tissue masses without the need for a tourniquet. There were no complications associated with healing in 11 of the 12 horses. A retraction technique that used careful positioning of a Langenbeck periosteal elevator relative to the collateral ligaments provided access to both medial and lateral margins of intra-articular masses. With this technique, all masses could be removed through one central arthrotomy incision.  相似文献