High-Frequency Ventilation A Review     

DALE E. BJORLING dvm  ms  Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(5):399-406

High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is a form of artificial ventilation that uses higher rates and smaller tidal volumes than those used with conventional mechanical ventilation (intermittent positive pressure ventilation [1PPV]). HFV is divided into three categories based on the rate and type of equipment used: 1) high-frequency positive pressure ventilation administered through a system with low internal compliance having an expiratory valve to maintain positive airway pressure during expiration and rates of 60 to 120/minute; 2) high-frequency jet ventilation delivered through an open system or a system with an expiratory valve at rates of 120 to 400/minute; and 3) high-frequency oscillation using open systems and rates of 400 to 2400/minute. All forms of HFV provide adequate ventilation in normal animals at lower peak and mean airway pressures, resulting in less cardiovascular depression than that associated with 1PPV. HFV provides adequate ventilation with less cardiovascular depression and risk of barotrauma than 1PPV in the presence of pulmonary disease. The exact mechanism of gas exchange during HFV is not clearly understood, but enhanced diffusion as a result of turbulent gas flow appears to be a major factor.  相似文献   

Full-thickness Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Reconstruction in Dogs Using Carbon/Polycaprolactone Composite   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

CHRISTINE M. RUNNELS dvm  ms DARRELL W. TRAMPEL dvm  ms  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(5):363-368

Square 9 × 9 cm full-thickness defects were created in the thoracic wall of five dogs and the abdominal wall of five dogs. The skin was retained. Ten centimeter squares of carbon fabric with a thin polycaprolactone (PCL) lining were sutured into the defects with the PCL lining facing the viscera. The dogs were observed for 5 months. The surgical technique was simple and fast. All implants were well tolerated. Cosmetic results were excellent in nine dogs. One dog (abdominal implant) developed an infection and draining tract, and a second dog (thoracic implant) had a subclinical infection. Thoracic implants caused brief serosanguinous pleural transudate. Mild paradoxical respiratory motion disappeared by 8 weeks. Lungs were radiographically normal. At necropsy, fibrous tissue was present but lacked orientation. Loose adhesions covered 20 to 80% of implant linings. There was no significant difference in ultimate tensile strength of implant/fibrous tissue compared to control abdominal wall. No carbon fragments were observed in lymph nodes. Increased numbers of secondary follicles, plasma cells, eosinophils, and sinus histiocytes in lymph nodes suggested immunologic stimulation of undetermined significance.  相似文献   

Electroencephalography of Detomidine-Ketamine-Halothane and Detomidine-Ketamine-lsoflurane Anesthetized Horses During Orthopedic Surgery A Comparison     

PETER M. EKSTRÖM mvsc    CHARLES E. SHORT dvm  ms  PhD  dacva  THOMAS R. GEIMER Dr Med vet 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(5):414-418

This study was done to compare the electroencephalographic (EEG) response evoked by orthopedic surgery in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Eight horses scheduled for bilateral arthroscopic surgery of the stifle were premedicated with detomidine (20 μg/kg) intravenously and five minutes later induced to anesthesia with ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with either halothane or isoflurane. Assignment of inhalation anesthetic was done randomly. The multiple of minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane required for anesthesia was significantly higher than the multiple of MAC of isoflurane (p < .05) required. Total amplitude of the EEG with halothane was smaller than with isoflurane (p < .05), but 13.0 to 32.0 Hz high frequency/0.0 to 3.9 Hz low frequency (|3/A) ratio was greater for halothane (p < .05). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) was significantly (p < .05) higher with isoflurane than with halothane. The differences in EEG frequency shift observed suggest that isoflurane provided better analgesia than halothane for this group of horses.  相似文献   

Thiamylal-Sparing Effect of Midazolam for Canine Endotracheal Intubation A Clinical Study of 118 Dogs     

STEPHEN A. GREENE dvm  MS  Diplomate acva    G. JOHN BENSON dvm  MS  Diplomate ACVA  SANDEE M. HARTSFIELD dvm  ms  Diplomate acva 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):69-72

One hundred eighteen dogs were studied at three veterinary teaching hospitals after the administration of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg, intravenously [IV]) or a placebo. Midazolam and placebo treatments were randomized and blinded to the investigators. The dose of thiamylal required for tracheal intubation 3 to 5 minutes after midazolam or placebo was calculated. The dose of thiamylal at the three hospitals was 10.6,9.8, and 10.1 mg/kg IV after midazolam, and 12.1,11.2, and 11.6 mg/kg IV after placebo. Pooled data from the three hospitals yielded a significant (p < .001) decrease in mean IV thiamylal dose after midazolam (10.2 mg/kg) compared with placebo (11.6 mg/kg). Overall, there was a 12% decrease in the dose of thiamylal required for tracheal intubation after midazolam compared to that after the placebo. The thiamylal dose was significantly (p < .001) decreased after midazolam compared with placebo for dogs weighing more than 15 kg but not for dogs weighing less than 15 kg.  相似文献   

In Vitro Comparison of the Three Loop Pulley and Locking Loop Suture Patterns for Repair of Canine Weightbearing Tendons and Collateral Ligaments     

R. JOHN BERG dvm  ms ERICK L. EGGER dvm  Dipiomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):107-110

Both triceps tendons and the medial collateral ligaments of both stifles of 10 freshly euthanized dogs were sharply transected. One tendon and one ligament of each dog were sutured with a three loop pulley pattern, and the opposite tendons and ligaments were sutured with a locking loop pattern. The tendons and ligaments were harvested with their muscular and bony attachments. The anastomoses were slowly tested in tension until failure occurred. The amount of tensile load required to produce failure of the anastomosis, the amount of distraction of the sutured ends prior to failure, and the modes of failure were recorded. In both tendons and ligaments, the three loop pulley pattern provided significantly greater tensile strength (p < 0.01) and allowed significantly less distraction between the sutured ends (p < 0.01) than the locking loop pattern. In tendons, disruption of the suture material was the most common mode of failure with both patterns. In ligaments, both patterns failed most commonly by pulling free from the tissue.  相似文献   

Wound Drainage from Under Full-thickness Skin Grafts in Dogs Part II. Effect on Cosmetic Appearance     

ERIC R. POPE dvm  ms STEVEN F. SWAIM dvm  ms 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1986,15(1):72-78

Four skin grafting procedures were performed on both sides of the chests of 12 dogs to evaluate the effect of wound drainage on the survival and cosmetic appearance of the grafts. The techniques evaluated were a sheet graft, (control), continuous low level suction, piecrust incisions, and nonexpanded mesh graft. Graft viability was assessed on the 10th postoperative day by visual inspection. The mean survival rate for all grafts was 90%. No significant difference between graft types was observed.
Hair growth on each graft was assessed 3 months postoperatively as "normal" (resembled that on the surrounding skin), "moderate" (thickness of hair growth was less than normal but would nearly conceal the underlying skin), "sparse" (a few hairs were present and the skin below was easily visible), and "none" (no hair growth). No statistical differences in categories of hair growth were detected within types or between types of grafts. Hair growth also was assessed as "acceptable" (those areas having normal and moderate hair growth) and "nonacceptable" (hair growth sparse or none). No difference between graft types was noted. All types exhibited a significantly greater area of acceptable than nonacceptable hair growth.  相似文献   

The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment on a Compromised Axial Pattern Flap in the Cat     

SHARON C. KERWIN dvm  GISELLE HOSGOOD bvsc  ms  facvsc  dipiomate acvs  GEORGE M. STRAIN phd  CAROL C. VICE dvm  CLAUDE E. WHITE dvm  R. KELLY HILL mo  facm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(1):31-36

A pedicle skin flap based on the caudal superficial epigastric artery was created in 12 cats. The artery was ligated and the vein left intact. Six cats were treated with hyperbaric oxygen at 2 atm absolute for 90 minutes daily for 14 days, starting the day after surgery. Skin flap color was significantly better in the treated cats on days 1, 2, and 3. The amount of exudate was significantly less in the treated cats on day 3. There was no difference in the amount of swelling between treated and nontreated control cats. Although five of six of the treated cats had 100% skin flap survival, there was no significant difference in total flap survival between treated and nontreated control cats.  相似文献   

Comment of the Editorial Committee     

PETER W JOHNSON  JOSEPH C BORAY  KIM L DAWSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(1):37-37

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Treatment of Low Arterial Oxygen Tension in Anesthetized Horses with Clenbuterol     

R. D. KEEGAN dvm  R. D. GLEED bvsc  Diplomate acva  E. A. SANDERS dvm  G. C. SEAMAN dvm  E. M. WERTZ dvm  ms C. E. SHORT dvm  ms  Diplomate acva 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1991,20(2):148-152

Clenbuterol (0.8 microgram/kg intravenously) was administered to 10 anesthetized horses with an abnormally low PaO2 (less than 90 mm Hg) despite controlled ventilation with an oxygen-rich gas mixture. Results were compared with those from 10 controls to which no clenbuterol was given and in which conventional methods to increase PaO2 were ongoing. Horses treated with clenbuterol had higher PaO2 values for at least 90 minutes. Clenbuterol was associated with increased heart rate and profuse sweating. Clenbuterol can be administered intravenously to increase the PaO2 of mechanically ventilated horses that have low arterial oxygen tension while under inhalation anesthesia. Further studies are warranted to define more precisely the circumstances under which clenbuterol may be used safely.  相似文献   

The Effects of Plaster of Paris and Autogenous Cancellous Bone on the Healing of Cortical Defects in the Femurs of Dogs     

A. D. ELKINS dvm  ms LARRY P. JONES dvm  Diplomateacvp 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(2):71-76

Four one quarter inch evenly spaced circular defects were created bilaterally in the lateral femoral diaphysis of 12 clinically normal adult dogs. The defects were left unfilled (control), or were filled with one of the following: (1) plaster of Paris, (2) an equal-volume mixture of plaster of Paris and autogenous cancellous bone, and (3) autogenous cancellous bone. The degree of bone healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks. Radiographically, no objective conclusions could be drawn due to the small size of the defects and limited amount of plaster of Paris implanted. Histologically, there was no inflammatory reaction to the plaster of Paris. No differences were determined in the degree of bone healing between autogenous cancellous bone, plaster of Paris, and a mixture of plaster of Paris and autogenous cancellous bone. All implants were superior to the control defect in degree of bone healing.  相似文献