SnakeMap: four years of experience with a national small animal snake envenomation registry     

M Boller  K Kelers  MA Stevenson  KD Winkel  S Hardjo  J Heller  PR Judge  HM Ong  AM Padula  C Reddrop  LCP Santos  CR Sharp  L Smart  KL Swindells  D Tabrett  JR Wierenga 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(9):442-448

SnakeMap is a national cloud-based, veterinary snakebite registry. It was designed to prospectively collect data of the clinical circumstances and temporospatial information on cases of snake envenomation in dogs and cats. We herein introduce the project and summarise the data from the first 4 years of SnakeMap. The registry is a veterinary community-based online database allowing case entry from veterinary hospitals across Australia. Registry data comprise hospital characteristics, patient characteristics, envenoming snake type, treatment and outcome variables, including time and geolocation of the snake bite. We present summative information on select key variables from the SnakeMap registry (1 July 2015 to 30 June 2019). Twenty-eight hospitals from 6 states/territories entered 624 cases into the registry, including 419 dogs (67%) and 205 cats (33%). Bite time was available in 216 animals of which 90 (42%) were reported to be bitten in the 3 hours between 03:00 pm and 05:59 pm; median bite to presentation interval was 60 (interquartile range [IQR] 30, 211) minutes in dogs and 95 (IQR 41, 238) minutes in cats. Bites occurred in the owner's yard in 356 dogs (85%) and 53 cats (26%). A snake venom detection kit was used in 172 cases (28%) and antivenom was administered in 523 cases (85%). Most animals (n = 534, 88%) survived to discharge (median hospitalisation of 25 [IQR 16, 62] hours). SnakeMap effectively collects relevant clinical data from dogs and cats with presumed snake bite and provides locally specific information on the epidemiology of snake envenomation in small animals.  相似文献   

Quantitative dietary lysine requirement of juvenile striped bass Morone saxatilis     

B.C. Small  J.H. Soares JR 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2000,6(4):207-212

Two feeding trials of 8 and 10 weeks each were conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Diets in both experiments contained approximately 420 g crude protein kg^–1 and 13.4 MJ digestible energy (DE) kg^?1. L ‐Lysine‐HCl was added to the basal diet to yield five and six treatments in the two experiments. Diets in the first experiment were determined to contain 9.2, 14.1, 14.6, 19.9 and 21.0 g available lysine kg^?1 on a dry‐matter basis. Diets in the second experiment were determined to contain 14.8, 18.1, 21.3, 24.5, 27.6 and 30.9 g available lysine kg^?1 on a dry‐matter basis. Weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and apparent nitrogen utilization (ANU) were significantly (P < 0.05) improved by increasing dietary lysine concentrations to approximately 20 g kg^?1 of diet. Least‐squares regression analysis of weight gain and SGR in the first experiment indicated a minimum dietary lysine requirement of 20.1 ± 2 g kg^?1 dry diet. Least‐squares regression analysis of the same criteria measured in the second experiment yielded the following estimates of dietary lysine requirements (g kg^?1 dry diet): 19.8 ± 2.3 for weight gain, 21.7 ± 1.5 for SGR, 23.7 ± 3.5 for FCR and 18.6 ± 1.3 for ANU. From these results the minimum recommended dietary lysine requirement for optimal growth of juvenile striped bass is approximately 21 g kg^?1 dry diet which equates to 49 g kg^?1 dietary protein or 1.57 mg kJ^?1 DE. Although higher than that reported for hybrid striped bass, this requirement level is similar to those reported for many other fish species.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of l‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate Na/Ca as a vitamin C source for yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata juveniles     

T. REN  S. KOSHIO  S. TESHIMA  M. ISHIKAWA  A. PANGANIBAN JR  O. UYAN  M.S. ALAM 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(5):416-422

A feeding experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of a vitamin C (L‐ascorbic acid, AsA) derivative, l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) by comparing to l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate‐Mg (AMP‐Mg) in terms of growth, AsA content in tissues, and hematology in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata juvenile (1.10 ± 0.01 g). Furthermore, a stress resistance test for the species fed AMP‐Na/Ca was also conducted. In experiment 1, 11 test pellet diets with different levels of AMP‐Na/Ca (0, 12, 43, 88, 440 and 881 mg AsA kg^?1diet) and AMP‐Mg (0, 16, 52, 106, 595 and 1164 mg AsA kg^?1 diet) were formulated and fed to the yellowtail three times per day for 50 days. In both the vitamin C sources, the survival rates of the fish fed diets without supplemental AsA were lower than 50% at day 20, and more than 50% mortality occurred in fish that fed the diets containing 12 or 16 mg AsA kg^?1 after day 30. However, no significant differences were detected in survival and growth among fish that fed the diets containing more than 43 mg AsA kg^?1. Liver and brain AsA concentrations generally increased with increasing dietary AsA level in both sources. In experiment 2, test diets were formulated to contain 43, 88, 440 and 881 mg AsA kg^?1 using AMP‐Na/Ca, and after 60 days of feeding, yellowtail juveniles were subjected to low salinity and air exposure stress. The fish that received diets with 440 mg AsA kg^?1 showed significantly higher tolerance to low salinity stress and higher survival rate in air exposure stress than those of other groups. The present study demonstrated that yellowtail juveniles could utilize AMP‐Na/Ca as an AsA source like AMP‐Mg, and that supplementation of 43–52 mg AsA kg^?1 diet was optimum for normal growth. However, this study showed that dietary inclusion of 440 mg AsA kg^?1 would be necessary to improve stress resistance of this species.  相似文献   

Contribution of microorganisms to the biofilm nutritional quality: protein and lipid contents     

C. FERNANDES da SILVA  E. BALLESTER  J. MONSERRAT  L. GERACITANO  W. WASIELESKY JR  P.C. ABREU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(6):507-514

The nutritional quality of biofilm, a microbial community associated to an organic matrix, was evaluated in artificial substrate (polyethylene screen) in net cages during 30 days in the Patos Lagoon estuary, Southern Brazil. During this period, samples of biofilm were collected each 5 days for analysis of chlorophyll a, microorganisms abundance, dry weight, protein and lipid contents. During the study, chlorophyll a varied from 0.38 to 2.75 μg cm^?2; dry weight between 7.16 and 17.63 mg cm^?2; protein content from 0.43 to 1.76 mg cm^?2 and lipid concentration between 1.21 and 4.23 mg cm^?2. The variation of lipid in the biofilm was closely related to the abundance of free heterotrophic bacteria (34.25–56.54 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2), filamentous cyanobacteria (7.5–15.9 × 10⁶ filaments cm^?2), flagellates (6.92–12.89 × 10⁶ cells cm^?2) and mainly nematodes (29–1,414 organisms cm^?2), while protein content varied similarly to the abundance of unicellular centric diatoms (52.10–179.81 × 10³ cells cm^?2), and nematodes. This information will allow a better management of food supply to raised aquatic organism with the utilization of natural productivity in the culture systems, with considerable decrease in production costs.  相似文献   

Glugea heraldi n. sp. (Microsporida, Glugeidae) from the seahorse Hippocampus erectus Perry     

G. C. BLASIOLA JR 《Journal of fish diseases》1979,2(6):493-500

Abstract. A new species of Microsporida, Glugea heraldi , is described from the seahorse Hippocampus erectus . Measurements of fixed spores and notes on the histopathology of parasitized tissue are given.  相似文献   

Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Chronic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus Nasal Lesions in Two German Shepherd Dogs     

DANNY W. SCOTT  WILLIAM H. MILLER JR. 《Veterinary dermatology》1995,6(2):99-104

Résumé— Un épithélioma spinocellulaire s'est développé sur des lésions chroniques incontrôlées de lupus erythémateux discoïde chez deux chiens bergers allemands. Les chiens n'avaient reçu ni traitement ni photoprotection pour leurs lésions de lupus discoïde durant les 4 à 6 ans précédant l'apparition clinique d'épithéliomas spinocellulaires. [Scott, D.W., Miller, W.H., Jr. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus nasal lesions in two German Shepherd Dogs (Un épithélioma spinocellulaire suivenant sur des lesions de lupus erythémateux discoïde chroniques chez deux bergers allemands).
Resumen— Dos perros de raza Pastor Alemán desarrollaron carcinomas de células escamosas en lesiones crónicas del tipo lupus eritematoso discoide. Estos animales no habian recibido tratamiento ni protección solar del cuadro de lupus eritematoso discoide en los 4 a 6 años previos al desarrollo del carcinoma escamoso. [Scott, D.W., Miller, W.H., Jr. Squamous cell carcinoma arising in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus nasal lesions in two German Shepherd Dogs (Carcinoma de células escamosas a partir de lesiones crónicas nasales del tipo lupus eritematoso discoide en dos perros Pastor Alemán).
Abstract— Squamous cell carcinoma developed in the chronic, uncontrolled nasal lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus in two German Shepherd Dogs. The dogs had received no treatment nor photoprotection for their discoid lupus erythematosus for 4–6 years prior to the clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma.  相似文献   

Processing of wool contaminated with dermatophilosis scab     

BO BATEUP  JR EDWARDS 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(4):154-155

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Gradual Occlusion of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs and Cats Using the Ameroid Constrictor     

JAMES C. VOGT DVM    D.J. KRAHWINKEL JR  DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS  RONALD M. BRIGHT DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVS    GREGORY B. DANIEL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR    ROBERT L. TOAL DVM  MS  Dipiomate ACVR  BARTON ROHRBACH DVM  MS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1996,25(6):495-502

Gradual occlusion of the splenic vein, using a specialized device (ameroid constrictor), was evaluated experimentally in three normal beagle dogs. Splenoportograms were used to verify that total occlusion of the splenic vein had occurred in all dogs within 4 to 5 weeks after application of the device. The ameroid constrictor (AC) was also evaluated as a method of gradual vascular occlusion in 12 dogs and two cats with single, extrahepatic, portosystemic shunts (PSS). Serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations were measured and portal scintigraphy (PS) was performed on all 14 animals preoperatively and 10, 20, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. Two dogs (14%) died from portal hypertension in the early postoperative period. One dog and one cat developed multiple acquired PSS, confirmed by mesenteric portography 90 days after the operation. Portal scintigraphy confirmed total occlusion of the primary shunt in the other 10 animals. Shunt fractions (SF), as measured by PS on postoperative days 30 and 60, declined significantly from preoperative values. Significant decreases were noted between preoperative and postoperative values for preprandial SBA on postoperative day 60 and for postprandial SBA on postoperative day 30. SBA concentrations did not correlate with SF. Based on this study, gradual vascular occlusion using the AC is recommended as a method for treatment of single, extrahepatic, PSS.  相似文献   

Relationship between the likelihood of footrot elimination from a flock and the virulence of the strain of Dichelobacter nodosus present          下载免费PDF全文

MB Allworth  JR Egerton 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(10):400-407

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Antimicrobial labelling in Australia: a threat to antimicrobial stewardship?          下载免费PDF全文

LY Hardefeldt  JR Gilkerson  H Billman‐Jacobe  MA Stevenson  K Thursky  KE Bailey 《Australian veterinary journal》2018,96(5):151-154

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health emergency, placing veterinary antimicrobial use under growing scrutiny. Antimicrobial stewardship, through appropriate use of antimicrobials, is a response to this threat. The need for antimicrobial stewardship in Australian veterinary practices has had limited investigation. A 2016 survey undertaken to investigate antimicrobial usage patterns by Australian veterinarians found that antimicrobial dose rates were varied and often inappropriate. Doses of procaine penicillin in horses and cattle were often low, with 68% and 90% of respondents, respectively, reporting doses that were unlikely to result in plasma concentrations above minimum inhibitory concentrations for common equine and bovine pathogens. Frequency of penicillin administration was also often inappropriate. Gentamicin doses in horses were largely appropriate (89% of dose rates appropriate), but 9% of respondents reported twice daily dosing. Amoxycillin and amoxycillin‐clavulanate were administered at the appropriate doses, or above, to dogs and cats by 54% and 70% of respondents, respectively. Here, we explore the potential reasons for inappropriate antimicrobial dose regimens and report that antimicrobial labels often recommend incorrect dose rates and thus may be contributing to poor prescribing practices. Changes to legislation are needed to ensure that antimicrobial drug labels are regularly updated to reflect the dose needed to effectively and safely treat common veterinary pathogens. This will be especially true if changes in legislation restrict antimicrobial use by veterinarians to the uses and doses specified on the label, thus hampering the current momentum towards improved antimicrobial stewardship.  相似文献