A study of the epizootiology and control of Salmonella typhimurium infection in a commercial poultry organisation     

C A Jackson  M J Lindsay  F Shiel 《Australian veterinary journal》1971,47(10):485-491

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Effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on the induction of cytochrome P450 isoforms and cytochrome P450-mediated reactions in immature Beagles     

Kawalek JC  Howard KD  Farrell DE  Derr J  Cope CV  Jackson JD  Myers MJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(9):1167-1175

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and CYP-mediated reactions in immature Beagles. ANIMALS: 42 immature (12-week-old) Beagles. PROCEDURE: Dogs were grouped and treated orally as follows for 8 weeks: low-dose pentobarbital (50 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), mid-dose pentobarbital (150 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), high-dose pentobarbital (500 microg/d; 4 males, 4 females), positive-pentobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), positive-phenobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), and negative control (saline 10.9% NaCl] solution; 5 males, 5 females). Serum biochemical and hematologic values were monitored. On necropsy examination, organ weights were determined, and histologic evaluation of tissue sections of liver, kidney, small intestine, testes, epididymis, and ovaries was performed. Hepatic and intestinal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured, and relative amounts of CYP isoforms were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The amount of a hepatic CYP2A-related isoform in dogs from the high-dose pentobarbital treatment group was twice that of dogs from the negative control group. CYP2C was not detectable in small intestinal mucosa of dogs from the negative control group; measurable amounts of CYP2C were found in dogs from the various (low-, mid-, and high-dose) pentobarbital treatment groups and from positive-pentobarbital and positive phenobarbital control groups. Several CYP-mediated reactions increased in a dose-dependent manner. The lowest calculated effective dose of pentobarbital ranged from 200 to 450 microg/d. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Several CYP isoforms and their associated reactions were induced in dogs by oral administration of low amounts of pentobarbital.  相似文献   

Louse infestation in cattle     

Jackson PG 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(9):280

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Camelid mucoutaneous fibropapillomas: clinicopathologic findings and association with papillomavirus     

Schulman FY  Krafft AE  Janczewski T  Reupert R  Jackson K  Garner MM 《Veterinary pathology》2003,40(1):103-107

Five camelid mucocutaneous fibropapillomas with histologic features similar to equine sarcoids were diagnosed. They were characterized by a dermal fibroblastic proliferation and overlying, often ulcerated hyperplastic epidermis with thin rete pegs extending down into the dermis. Two of the tumors came from llamas and three from alpacas. Four of the animals were 6-year-old females. The fifth was a 6-year-old castrated male. The fibropapillomas were located on the nose, lip, and cheeks. One of the llama tumors waxed and waned before surgery and recurred and spread after surgery. None of the other tumors recurred. All five tumors were positive for papillomavirus (PV) DNA by polymerase chain reaction testing. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the PCR product from one of the llama fibropapillomas confirmed a unique PV. This report provides the microscopic and clinical features of fibropapillomas in camelids as well as evidence for a PV etiology.  相似文献   

Evaluation of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from feline vaccine site-associated sarcomas for feline foamy virus DNA     

Kidney BA  Haines DM  Ellis JA  Burnham ML  Jackson ML 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(1):60-63

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a group of vaccine site-associated sarcomas (VSS) for the presence of feline foamy virus (FeFV) DNA, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. SAMPLE POPULATION: 50 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from VSS of cats. PROCEDURE: DNA was extracted from FFPE sections of each tumor, and regions of the gag and pol genes of FeFV were amplified by use of PCR methods, using 1 primer set for each region. Sensitivity of the method was compared between fresh and FFPE cells, using mouse kidney tissue that was injected with FeFV-infected cultured cells and using agarose-cell pellets. Results-Feline foamy virus DNA was not detected in VSS tissues. Sensitivity of the method was 10 times greater in fresh versus FFPE mouse tissues. Sensitivity of the method in fresh FeFV-infected cultured cells versus FFPE agarose-cell pellets was equal when fixation was 24 or 48 hours and 10 times greater when fixation was 72 hours or 1 week. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A PCR-based method can be successfully applied to FFPE tissues for FeFV DNA detection. Results suggest there is no direct FeFV involvement in the pathogenesis of VSS in cats.  相似文献   

IgE is present on peripheral blood monocytes and B cells in normal dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis but there is no correlation with serum IgE concentrations     

Jackson HA  Orton SM  Hammerberg B 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,85(3-4):225-232

Blood was collected from 29 dogs, 14 with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 15 controls. Total serum IgE was quantitated. Peripheral blood monocytes were harvested and labeled with leucocyte markers and anti-canine IgE before analysis by flow cytometry. There was no statistically significant difference between the atopic and control groups when the mean number of cells in the monocyte (CD14), antigen presenting cell (CD1c) or B cell (CD21) populations were examined. However, the variation in cell numbers was significant and much greater in the atopic group for CD1c and CD14 labeled cells. The mean percentage of double labeled cells, CD1c/IgE and CD14/IgE was significantly lower in the atopic population compared with the controls. More variation was observed in the numbers of monocytes of atopic dogs (CD14/IgE) and antigen presenting cells (CD1c/IgE) of control dogs. The mean percentage of B cells expressing IgE was 65 and 51% in the atopic and control groups respectively which is greater than that reported in humans. There was no statistically significant difference. Total serum IgE concentrations were similar in each group and did not correlate with cell bound IgE in any of the leucocyte populations studied. Canine AD is associated with more variability in circulating monocyte numbers and lower numbers of monocytes expressing IgE than control dogs. Unlike in humans, there is no correlation between circulating and cell bound IgE. Furthermore, high levels of IgE in the dog may be related to a greater number of B cells in the circulation committed to IgE production.  相似文献   

Efficacy of three corticosteroids for the treatment of heaves     

Robinson NE  Jackson C  Jefcoat A  Berney C  Peroni D  Derksen FJ 《Equine veterinary journal》2002,34(1):17-22

This study used a cross-over design to compare the efficacy of 3 corticosteroids for the relief of airway obstruction and inflammation in 9 heaves-affected horses. The severity of airway obstruction and inflammation was quantified by measurement of lung function and by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, respectively. Airway obstruction was induced by stabling the horses and they remained stabled during the 10 day treatment period. Lung function was measured before treatment (baseline), at Days 3, 7, and 10 of treatment, and after 30 days at pasture. BALF cytology was investigated at baseline, Day 10, and at pasture. All 9 horses received the following 4 treatments in random order: no treatment, daily oral prednisone tablets (1 mg/kg), daily i.v. dexamethasone solution (0.1 mg/kg), and i.m. dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate (0.04 mg/kg) every 3 days. When horses received no treatment, lung function did not change significantly during stabling but improved at pasture. In all horses, daily i.v. administration of dexamethasone solution improved lung function within 3 days to levels as good as or better than those measured at pasture. Dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate was rapidly effective in 8 of 9 horses. The other horse did not respond to this drug. Prednisone tablets were without effect on Days 3 and 7 of treatment, but by Day 10, 5 of 9 horses showed some improvement in lung function. Dexamethasone i.v. solution decreased the percent neutrophils in BALF at Day 10. Other treatments had no effect on BALF cytology. These results demonstrate that dexamethasone rapidly relieved airway obstruction in heaves-affected horses. Oral prednisone had inconsistent effects but may be beneficial in some horses after more than a week of treatment.  相似文献   

Mutational analysis of tumor suppressor gene p53 in feline vaccine site-associated sarcomas     

Nambiar PR  Haines DM  Ellis JA  Kidney BA  Jackson ML 《American journal of veterinary research》2000,61(10):1277-1281

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of tumor suppressor gene p53 mutation in feline vaccine site-associated sarcoma (VSS) development and to evaluate the relationship between p53 nucleotide sequence and protein expression. SAMPLE POPULATION: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 8 feline VSS with dark p53 immunostaining (high p53 expression) and 13 feline VSS with faint or no staining (normal p53 expression). PROCEDURE: DNA was extracted from neoplastic and normal tissue from each paraffin block. The following 3 regions of the p53 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction: 379 base pair (bp) region of exon 5, intron 5, and exon 6, 108 bp region of exon 7, and 140 bp region of exon 8. Amplified p53 products were sequenced and compared with published feline p53. The p53 mutations identified were correlated with p53 mutations predicted by immunostaining. RESULTS: Neoplastic cells of 5 of 8 (62.5%) VSS that had high p53 expression harbored single missense mutations within the p53 gene regions examined.The p53 gene mutations were not detected in the 13 tumors with normal p53 immunostaining. Nonneoplastic tissues adjacent to all 21 VSS lacked mutations of these p53 gene regions. CONCLUSIONS: The p53 gene mutations were restricted to neoplastic tissue and, therefore, were unlikely to predispose to VSS. However, p53 mutations may have contributed to cancer progression in 5 of the 21 VSS. There was very good (kappa quotient = 0.67 with a confidence limit of 0.3 to 1.0), although not complete, agreement between prediction of mutation by p53 immunostaining and identification of mutations by sequencing of key p53 gene regions.  相似文献   

Effects of short-term exposure to condensed tannins on adult Trichostrongylus colubriformis     

Athanasiadou S  Kyriazakis I  Jackson F  Coop RL 《The Veterinary record》2000,146(25):728-732

Twelve parasite-naive sheep were used to study the possible direct anthelmintic effect of a condensed tannin extract (quebracho) on the population and fecundity of the intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The sheep were infected with a single dose of 20,000 L3 of T colubriformis. Twenty-eight days later, six of them were drenched daily for a week with quebracho extract at 8 per cent by weight of their food intake. All lambs were then slaughtered, and their small intestines removed to estimate the worm burdens and the numbers of eggs in utero. Two days after the first drench with tannin extract the faecal egg counts of the treated sheep were approximately 50 per cent of those of the control sheep (P<0.01), but there was no further reduction with continued drenching. In the treated sheep the worm burdens and number of eggs per gram faeces per worm were reduced by 30 per cent compared with the controls (P<0.05), but the sex ratios, the number of eggs in utero and length of the worms were not affected by drenching with tannin.  相似文献   

Can an increased intake of metabolizable protein affect the periparturient relaxation in immunity against teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep?     

Houdijk JG  Kyriazakis I  Jackson F  Huntley JF  Coop RL 《Veterinary parasitology》2000,91(1-2):43-62

Within the overall hypothesis that the periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI) to gastrointestinal parasites has a nutritional basis, we studied whether an increased intake of metabolizable protein (MP) could affect the expression of immunity to Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta of twin-bearing and -rearing Greyface ewes. Two sets of iso-energetic diets were formulated to provide either 85% (L-) or 130% (H-) of the MP requirements during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy (-P) and the first 6 weeks of lactation (-L). Thirty ewes were allocated to LP or HP. Six ewes of each group were slaughtered after lambing (S(0)); the remaining 24 ewes of each group were allocated to either LL or HL, thus creating four treatment combinations during lactation (LP/LL, LP/HL, HP/LL and HP/HL; n=12). Six ewes of each treatment combination were slaughtered at Week 3 (S(3)) or at Week 6 (S(6)) in lactation.The HP ewes were heavier at lambing, produced heavier lambs, had lower faecal egg counts (FECs), a lower concentration of plasma pepsinogen, a higher concentration of plasma albumin during late pregnancy and more abomasal globule leukocytes (GLs) but similar worm burdens at S(0) compared to the LP ewes. The LP/HL and HP/HL ewes had a higher calculated milk production than the LP/LL and HP/LL ewes. FECs increased for each treatment combination during the first 3 weeks of lactation. This increase concurred with fewer abomasal GLs at S(3) compared to S(0). The LP/HL and HP/HL ewes had a higher proportion of immature worms and more abomasal GLs than the LP/LL and HP/LL ewes at S(6). The FECs continued to increase during the second 3 weeks of lactation for the LP/LL ewes only, which concurred with an elevated plasma pepsinogen concentration and an absence of abomasal GLs at S(6). The plasma pepsinogen concentration decreased rapidly for the LP/HL ewes during lactation. We conclude that an increased intake of MP could enhance the expression of immunity to T. circumcincta of twin-bearing and -rearing Greyface ewes.  相似文献