Diversity,seasonality and sites of attachment of adult ixodid ticks on dogs in the central region of the Free State Province,South Africa     

Jacobs PA  Fourie LJ  Kok DJ  Horak IG 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2001,68(4):281-290

Several surveys of ticks infesting dogs belonging to owners in resource-limited and more affluent communities have been conducted in South Africa, but no such investigation has been carried out in the Free State Province of this country. The present study was initiated to meet this shortcoming. Ticks were collected from dogs at six localities in, and to the east of the city of Bloemfontein in the central region of the province. Three of these localities could be classed as resource-limited and two as affluent, while the sixth locality was an animal shelter serving all members of the public. Adult ticks belonging to nine ixodid tick species were collected, of which Rhipicephalus sanguineus was the most numerous. Significantly more R. sanguineus was collected from dogs at resource-limited than at more affluent localities. The greatest proportions of these ticks attached to the backs and necks of the dogs, with the proportions being larger in long-haired than in short-haired dogs. Most R. sanguineus were collected during the warmer months particularly from January to April. The greatest proportions of Haemaphysalis leachi, the next most numerous species, were also collected from the backs and the necks of the dogs. Most of these were present during the period September to November.  相似文献   

Effects of interferents on the kinetic Jaffé reaction and an enzymatic colorimetric test for serum creatinine concentration determination in cats, cows, dogs and horses.          下载免费PDF全文

R M Jacobs  J H Lumsden  J A Taylor    E Grift 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1991,55(2):150-154

The effects of acetoacetic acid, acetone, bilirubin, beta-carotene, three cephalospoprin antibiotics, glucose, hemoglobin and lipid on the kinetic Jaffé reaction and an enzymatic reaction for the determination of creatinine concentration were studied in bovine, canine, feline and equine serum. There were no obvious species' differences. The kinetic Jaffé reaction was unaffected by the addition of beta-carotene and hemoglobin. Acetone, cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur and glucose caused a positive bias while acetoacetic acid, bilirubin, and lipid caused a negative bias when added to the kinetic Jaffé reaction. The enzymatic reaction was unaffected by the addition of acetoacetic acid, acetone, beta-carotene, cefazolin, cefoxitin, glucose and hemoglobin while added lipid, bilirubin and ceftiofur caused a negative bias in the test results. Over all species and interferents, there was no difference in the precision of the two assay methods. In a series of sera from hospitalized patients, the two methods were highly correlated in a linear fashion. The enzymatic creatinine assay deals effectively with most interferents but has a greater cost and shorter shelf-life compared with the kinetic Jaffé reaction.  相似文献   

Spherocytosis associated with anaplasmosis in two cows     

C Swenson  R Jacobs 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1986,188(9):1061-1063

Spherocytes were detected on blood smears of 2 Angus cows. The RBC from both cows had increased fragility in hypotonic saline solution, supporting the presence of spherocytes. Other laboratory tests revealed a macrocytic, regenerative anemia with anisocytosis, polychromasia, basophilic stippling, Howell-Jolly bodies, nucleated RBC, and Anaplasma marginale organisms. A complement-fixation test was positive for anaplasmosis in cow 1 and a direct Coombs' test was positive for immunoglobulin G in both cows.  相似文献   

Vaccine against agents of bovine respiratory disease - A correction          下载免费PDF全文

Jacobs S 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2000,41(10):747

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Hepatopathy in 4 dogs treated with amiodarone     

Jacobs G  Calvert C  Kraus M 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2000,14(1):96-99

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug used in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Hepatopathy is one of the more commonly reported adverse effects of amiodarone use in people. We describe 4 dogs that developed hepatopathy associated with amiodarone administration; 2 dogs also developed neutropenia. Three dogs had clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy; 1 did not show signs until impaired liver function had developed. Clinical signs or biochemical abnormalities developed 1.5-8 months after amiodarone treatment was started. Clinical signs resolved within 2 weeks of discontinuing amiodarone, but biochemical abnormalities did not resolve for 6-8 weeks. The delay between onset of liver disease and overt clinical signs suggests that serial evaluation of liver enzyme activities following amiodarone use in does is important.  相似文献   

A nucleotide-specific polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate rabies virus biotypes in South Africa     

Nel LH  Bingham J  Jacobs JA  Jaftha JB 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》1998,65(4):297-303

Antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses have shown that two distinct biotypes of rabies virus are circulating in South Africa. One of these typically infects members of the family Canidae, while the other comprises a heterogeneous group of apparently indigenous viruses, infecting members of the Viverridae family. In recent times, it has become evident that a considerable amount of cross-infection may occur and the manifestation of viverrid rabies in non-viverrid animals in particular appears to have become more commonplace. Consequently, the need to rapidly distinguish between rabies virus biotypes has become increasingly important in efforts to monitor the epidemiology of rabies in the southern African region. In this study, a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to distinguish between these two groups of rabies viruses. Consensus oligonucleotides were used to amplify the cytoplasmic domain of the rabies virus glycoprotein and the adjacent intergenic region. The resultant amplicon was subsequently used as template in second round heminested PCR in the presence of type-specific primers, thereby successfully generating amplicons of characteristic size for each biotype.  相似文献   

Serum pancreatic polypeptide and amylase concentrations in dogs with experimentally induced acute pancreatitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R J Murtaugh  R M Jacobs  R G Sherding  T M O'Dorisio 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(3):654-656

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide (IPP) were measured serially for 7 days after experimental induction of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in dogs by infusion of oleic acid into the pancreatic duct. The mean serum IPP concentrations in dogs with pancreatitis were increased significantly (P = 0.013) for 96 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Providing food at 108 hours resulted in significant increases (P = 0.032) in mean serum IPP concentrations in sham-operated control dogs compared with dogs with induced pancreatitis. This was attributed to cephalic-phase release of IPP due to a conditioned response that resulted from feeding immediately after each blood sampling. Mean serum IPP concentrations returned to base line more quickly than did mean serum amylase concentrations in dogs with pancreatitis.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the efficacy of an epsiprantel/pyrantel combination against gastrointestinal helminths of dogs     

D. E. Jacobs  M. A. Fisher  J. G. Pilkington  R. L. Jones  V. C. Cracknell 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(2):59-63

Trials were conducted to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of a combination of epsiprantel at a dose rate of 5-5 mg/kg bodyweight and pyrantel pamoate at 5 mg pyrantel base/kg against Toxocara canis in prenatally infected unweaned greyhound pups, Toxascaris leonina, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis and Dipylidium caninum in naturally infected adolescent greyhounds and Ancylostoma caninum, U stenocephala. Taenia hydatigena and Taenia pisiformis in artificially infected laboratory beagles. The product was well accepted and produced no obvious side effects. Percentage efficacy values based on post mortem worm counts were: T hydatigena 100; T pisiformis 100; D caninum 100; adult T canis 84-0; adult T leonina 96-5; immature T leonina 99-8; U stenocephala 99-0 and 87-7; A caninum 92-7; and T vulpis 43-3.  相似文献   

Comparison of suture materials and suture patterns for inverting intestinal anastomosis of the jejunum in the horse     

P W Dean  J T Robertson  R M Jacobs 《American journal of veterinary research》1985,46(10):2072-2077

In 7 horses, 4 anastomoses were done in the small intestine in each, using the combinations of synthetic absorbable monofilament and multifilament suture materials with continuous- and interrupted-suture patterns in the serosubmucosal layer of a 2-layer inverting-suture technique. Horses were evaluated 30 days after the operation for adhesion formation, lumen diameter, evidence of chronic obstruction, and suture tract inflammation at the anastomosis. Postoperative obstruction occurred in 5 of the 7 horses, and 6 horses survived. One horse was euthanatized on postoperative day 6 after 48 hours of ileus and obstruction; necropsy revealed a partial intussusception involving the anastomosis done with continuous multifilament-suture material. Two other horses that became obstructed between postoperative days 3 and 5 had protracted ileus and gastric reflux up to 48 hours' duration, but survived. Horses that had obstruction after the 6th postoperative day recovered within 4 hours of onset. The continuous inverting-suture pattern in the serosubmucosal layer resulted in significantly (P less than 0.05) fewer adhesions than did the interrupted pattern, and suture material had no effect on adhesion formation. There was no significant difference in the percentage of reduction of lumen diameter between the variations of the 2-layer technique, and there was no evidence of chronic obstruction related to any of the anastomoses. Suture tract inflammation was moderate in the anastomoses, using continuous-multifilament suture, with neutrophils being the predominant cell type. The anastomoses with continuous-monofilament suture had mild inflammation with focal accumulations of neutrophils. Minimal inflammation was associated with both types of suture in the interrupted pattern.  相似文献   

The isoelectric focusing properties of serum alkaline phosphatase in disease and following prednisolone and phenylbutazone administration in the horse.          下载免费PDF全文

R S Ellison  R M Jacobs 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):126-131

This study was undertaken to ascertain if the isoelectric focusing pattern of serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) from sick horses with high activity is useful for determining its tissue origin. The effect of oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone therapy on this enzyme in healthy horses was also investigated. The sick horses were divided into three groups: hepatic, intestinal and miscellaneous. All sera had approximately thirteen bands of AP activity when focused on agarose gels with a pH gradient of 3.5 to 9.5. All the horses in the liver disease group had greater than 65% of enzyme activity in bands 3 to 7 (counted from the anode) whereas the other two groups had at least 30% and up to 80% of activity in bands 8 to 13. This was true even in the several cases of primary intestinal disease that had additional biochemical evidence of liver damage. All bands were heat sensitive indicating that little if any AP was of small intestinal or renal origin. Oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone for 20 and 12 days respectively had no affect on serum AP activity or isoelectric pattern. We concluded that the AP in bands 3 to 7 is of liver origin but the origin of bands 8 to 13 remains undetermined although small intestinal or renal origin is unlikely. Isoelectric focusing of serum AP shows promise in differentiating cases of primary from secondary liver disease but further studies are required correlating serum patterns and tissue patterns in animals with diseases.  相似文献