The isoelectric focusing properties of serum alkaline phosphatase in disease and following prednisolone and phenylbutazone administration in the horse.          下载免费PDF全文

R S Ellison  R M Jacobs 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):126-131

This study was undertaken to ascertain if the isoelectric focusing pattern of serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) from sick horses with high activity is useful for determining its tissue origin. The effect of oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone therapy on this enzyme in healthy horses was also investigated. The sick horses were divided into three groups: hepatic, intestinal and miscellaneous. All sera had approximately thirteen bands of AP activity when focused on agarose gels with a pH gradient of 3.5 to 9.5. All the horses in the liver disease group had greater than 65% of enzyme activity in bands 3 to 7 (counted from the anode) whereas the other two groups had at least 30% and up to 80% of activity in bands 8 to 13. This was true even in the several cases of primary intestinal disease that had additional biochemical evidence of liver damage. All bands were heat sensitive indicating that little if any AP was of small intestinal or renal origin. Oral prednisolone and phenylbutazone for 20 and 12 days respectively had no affect on serum AP activity or isoelectric pattern. We concluded that the AP in bands 3 to 7 is of liver origin but the origin of bands 8 to 13 remains undetermined although small intestinal or renal origin is unlikely. Isoelectric focusing of serum AP shows promise in differentiating cases of primary from secondary liver disease but further studies are required correlating serum patterns and tissue patterns in animals with diseases.  相似文献   

An attempt to determine the tissue origin of equine serum alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing.          下载免费PDF全文

R S Ellison  R M Jacobs 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):119-125

The main purpose of this study was to ascertain whether isoelectric point determination of alkaline phosphatase (AP) using an isoelectric focusing technique on agarose gels could define the isoenzymes present in healthy equine serum. The isoelectric points of AP extracted from nine tissues ranged from pH 3.5 to 7.5 with all tissues having multiple bands. There was considerable similarity in band pattern among tissues, with only pancreatic and colostral AP having substantially different isoelectric points from the others. Sera contained thirteen bands with isoelectric points ranging from pH 3.5 to 6.2 and as each band was common to more than one tissue it was not possible to define the tissue origin of these by direct comparison with tissue patterns. The intensity of all serum bands declined as foals aged, with the greatest decrease in bands 4 and 5 (numbered from the anode). There was no relative change in the banding pattern between early and late pregnant mares or in the sera of two foals before and after ingestion of colostrum. The mean (+/- SD) total serum AP activities of young foals (1676 +/- 1100 IU/L), three month foals (402 +/- 64 IU/L) early pregnant (190 +/- 54 IU/L) and late pregnant mares (109 +/- 26 IU/L) were significantly different from each other whereas colostral ingestion in two neonatal foals had no effect. We concluded that equine AP is a very heterogeneous protein and that normal horse sera do not contain significant renal or small intestinal derived AP. However isoelectric focusing alone could not differentiate bone from liver derived AP in sera.  相似文献   

Relative contribution of initial root and shoot morphology in predicting field performance of hardwood seedlings   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

D.F. Jacobs  K.F. Salifu  J.R. Seifert 《New Forests》2005,30(2-3):235-251

Single and multiple linear regression techniques were used to explain the capacity of initial seedling root volume (Rv) and first-order lateral roots (FOLR) relative to shoot height, diameter, and fresh mass to serve as important indicators of stock quality and predictors of first- and second-year height and diameter on an afforestation site in southern Indiana, USA. This was accomplished for northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), white oak (Quercus alba L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh) seedlings graded into four Rv categories at establishment. Field survival was high (85–97%) for all species. Initial diameter, height, fresh mass, and Rv provided similar predictive ability of second-year field response for absolute height (R² = 0.59–0.77) and diameter (R² = 0.50–0.73) for both oak species. Initial seedling Rv was a better predictor of field response than FOLR for both oak species, though not for cherry. Multiple-variable models accounted for a greater proportion of the total variation in seedling field height and diameter than did single-variable equations. The high R² (up to 0.95) of regression models suggests field performance of these species can be reliably predicted and confirms the importance of initial seedling morphology in dictating early plantation performance.  相似文献   

Fertilizer-induced Changes in Rhizosphere Electrical Conductivity: Relation to Forest Tree Seedling Root System Growth and Function   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Douglass F. Jacobs  Vic R. Timmer 《New Forests》2005,30(2-3):147-166

Fertilization is standard practice in forest tree seedling nursery culture. Additionally, fertilization at outplanting has potential to facilitate nutrient uptake and reduce transplant shock. Fertilization, however, may dramatically alter rhizosphere chemical properties such as pH, ion availability, and electrical conductivity (EC). These changes may inhibit root system growth and function by reducing soil osmotic potential and creating specific ion toxicities. The risk of root damage associated with high EC levels appears to be dependent on species, age of root system, and soil moisture availability. Root inhibition in container nursery culture of conifers is likely to occur above 2.5 dS m⁻¹, though threshold EC levels for bareroot culture and field plantings are largely unavailable. Fertilization at outplanting has the added risk that drought conditions may prevent leaching of excess fertilizer salts, which can increase rhizosphere EC beyond safe levels and ultimately impair root uptake of water or nutrients. For fertilization programs to be successful, a critical threshold balance must be maintained between optimizing seedling nutrient availability in the rhizosphere, while minimizing potential for root damage. Future research is needed to identify optimal EC levels for a range of species across all stages of the reforestation process, from nursery culture through plantation establishment.  相似文献   

Influence of nursery soil amendments on water relations,root architectural development,and field performance of Douglas-fir transplants     

Jacobs  Douglass F.  Rose  Robin  Haase  Diane L.  Morgan  Paul D. 《New Forests》2003,26(3):263-277

This experiment evaluated the influence of manure, peat, and vermiculite incorporated at low and high rates (0.0118 and 0.0236 m³/m²) and under two soil moisture regimes on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedling (1+0 for 1+1) xylem water potential (_xylem), whole-plant growth, root architectural development, and subsequent field performance under fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. Trends in soil moisture retention were observed (high manure > high peat > control) but there were no differences in _xylem. Root length in the wetter soil moisture experiment was initially (three months) greatest for seedlings in high vermiculite and least in high manure but there were no differences among treatments at lifting (eight months). Mean height was greatest for seedlings grown in vermiculite and peat (wetter nursery experiment) after two field seasons. Field fertilization (35 g/seedling) with controlled-release fertilizer in the planting hole stimulated height growth initially, but decreased height and diameter growth during the second growing season. Dramatic improvements associated with the use of nursery soil amendments were not realized, but the failure to identify negative effects, a potential reduction in disease incidence, and improvement of nursery soil physical and chemical properties may justify their use.  相似文献   

Organic Matter Added to Bareroot Nursery Beds Influences Soil Properties and Morphology of Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Quercus rubra Seedlings     

Anthony S. Davis  Douglass F. Jacobs  Kevyn E. Wightman  Zonda K. D. Birge 《New Forests》2006,31(2):293-303

Bareroot hardwood seedling production involves intensive soil management. To increase soil organic matter (OM), nurseries commonly grow a cover crop for 1 year after every 1–2 year of seedling production. Raising soil OM levels can also be achieved through addition of soil amendments. We studied the influence of chicken manure (CM) and composted leaf, tree, and lawn trimmings (Cp) on soil properties and morphology of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. CM was applied at 725, 1450, or 2900 kg ha⁻¹ (CM725, CM1450, and CM2900, respectively) and Cp was applied at 200 m³ ha⁻¹. Addition of CM and Cp significantly raised soil OM levels and altered soil chemical properties compared to the control (Ctrl). Root-collar diameter increased with addition of CM1450, CM2900, or Cp compared to CM725 or Ctrl plots for northern red oak, but was largest in soils amended with CM2900 for green ash. Conversely, height was greatest with addition of CM725 for northern red oak, but green ash seedlings were shorter in Ctrl plots than in all amendments except for CM725. Root volume of green ash and northern red oak seedlings was positively influenced by addition of CM or Cp. Seedling responses to nursery soil amendments vary with different forms and amounts of OM. Benefits to seedling growth through application of appropriate materials in the proper balance can improve seedling morphological quality and positively influence soil chemical properties.  相似文献   

Can the use of large,alternative nursery containers aid in field establishment of Juglans regia and Quercus robur seedlings?     

Barbara Mariotti  Alberto Maltoni  Pier Mario Chiarabaglio  Achille Giorcelli  Douglass F. Jacobs  Roberto Tognetti  Andrea Tani 《New Forests》2015,46(5-6):773-794

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In vitro interaction of some drug combinations to inhibit rapidly growing mycobacteria isolates from cats and dogs and these isolates' susceptibility to cefovecin and clofazimine          下载免费PDF全文

CJM Bennie  JLK To  PA Martin  M Govendir 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(1-2):40-45

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Balloon occlusion of the caudal vena cava for vascular contrast studies as an aid to intravascular coil embolisation for the treatment of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in three dogs          下载免费PDF全文

DA Cook  BJ Gavaghan  PA Moses 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(12):452-459

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Assessment of the potential relationship between egg quality and infectious bronchitis virus infection in Australian layer flocks     

KA Hewson  T Robertson  PA Steer  JM Devlin  AH Noormohammadi  J Ignjatovic 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(4):132-138

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