What Is Your Diagnosis?     

Meinkoth JH  Cowell RL  Cowell AK 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1996,25(2):48-50

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Eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis (miliary dermatitis) and eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease in two cats     

Bell AG  Chard WG  Grayson JL  James MP 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1995,43(4):153-157

Two cats with chronic eosinophilic skin disease were investigated. The clinical investigation of the skin disease in one cat was limited and inflammatory bowel disease was diagnosed post mortem. A history of weight loss and a palpably thickened bowel in the second cat suggested concurrent gastrointestinal disease. Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was confirmed on biopsy. Treatment with azathioprine and methylprednisolone acetate resolved the signs of gastrointestinal disease, the pruritus and 95% of the skin lesions. The concurrence of eosinophilic papulocrustous dermatitis and eosinophilic bowel disease raises the possibility of their being linked bv a common aetiology or pathophysiology.  相似文献   

A study of liver function in rats with mirex-induced enlarged livers     

Keith M. Robinson  James D. Yarbrough 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1978,9(1):61-64

The functional capacity of a mirex-induced, enlarged liver was studied in rats. The tests used were sulfobromophthalein clearance, hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration, serum total protein concentration and electrophoretic pattern, serum total lipid concentration, serum glucose concentration, and the liver response to epinephrine. There was no indication of a loss of functional capacity in the enlarged liver. Sulfobromophthalein clearance and microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration indicated an increase in total liver functional capacity. We conclude that mirex is not a direct hepatotoxin producing generalized parenchymal cell damage.  相似文献   

Characterization of acetylcholinesterases of acaricide resistant and susceptible strains of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.): II. The substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of the critical enzyme component     

James Nolan  H.J. Schnitzerling 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1976,6(2):142-147

Concentrations and turnover numbers have been determined for the critical acetylcholinesterase component of the organophosphorus susceptible Yeerongpilly and resistant Biarra and Ridgelands strains. The lower specific activity for the substrate acetylthiocholine in the resistant strains was shown to be due to decreased catalytic efficiency and not to any change in the titer of the enzyme. Thioester analogs of acetylthiocholine, with additional methylene groups between the carbonyl carbon and the quaternary nitrogen of the molecule and in the alkyl moiety, have been used to derive K_m and V_max values for the enzymes from each strain. An hypothesis is proposed concerning the alteration of the active site that has occurred to produce the dissimilar aberrant enzymes of the resistant strains and the implications of this hypothesis for inhibitor design are discussed.  相似文献   

Fetal and maternal lesions in pregnant ewes ingesting locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus).     

W J Hartley  L F James 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(6):825-826

Locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus) was fed to ewes from 70 to 100 days of pregnancy. Ewes were killed at 100, 115, 130, and 145 days, and selected tissues were collected from both the dam and the fetus for histologic examination. Neurovisceral cytoplasmic vacuolation and neuroaxonal dystrophy decreased in dam and fetus with time after the feeding of locoweed was discontinued.  相似文献   

Characterization of acetylcholinesterases of acaricide-resistant and susceptible strains of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.): I. Extraction of the critical component and comparison with enzyme from other sources     

James Nolan  H.J. Schnitzerling 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(2):178-188

The critical acetylcholinesterase component, that is responsible for the resistance mechanism of decreased sensitivity to the inhibitor in the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Can.), has been isolated from the organophosphorus-susceptible Yeerongpilly and resistant Biarra and Ridgelands strains. With the substrate acetylthiocholine this enzyme component gave a pH activity profile similar for all strains. Optimal substrate concentration for Ridgelands was 1.73.10^?2M compared to 2.70.10^?4M for the other strains. Computed Km values were 1.98.10^?5M, 3.65.10^?5M, and 6.43.10^?6M for Yeerongpilly, Biarra, and Ridgelands strains, respectively, while the corresponding V_max figures were 336, 135, and 21 μmoles acetylthiocholine hydrolyzed per gram of larvae per hour. These results are discussed in relation to the resistance mechanism and compared with similar parameters derived for this enzyme from bovine erythrocytes, the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina, and the sheep nematode Trichostrongylus colubtiformis.  相似文献   

Antifungal mode of action of triforine     

James L. Sherald  Hugh D. Sisler 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(5):477-488

Rapidly growing mycelia of Aspergillus fumigatus treated with 10 μg/ml triforine (N,N′-bis-(1-formamido-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)-piperazine) showed little or no inhibition in dry weight increase prior to 2 h. By 2.5–3 h, triforine inhibited dry weight increase by 85%. The effects of triforine on protein, DNA, and RNA syntheses corresponded to the effect on dry weight increase both in time of onset and magnitude. Neither glucose nor acetate oxidation were inhibited by triforine.Ergosterol synthesis was almost completely inhibited by triforine even in the first hour after treatment. Inhibition of ergosterol synthesis was accompanied by an accumulation of the ergosterol precursors 24-methylenedihydrolanosterol, obtusifoliol, and 14α-methyl-Δ^{8, 24 (28)}-ergostadienol. Mycelia treated with 5 μg/ml of triarimol (α-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-α-phenyl-5-pyrimidinemethanol) also accumulated the same sterols as well as a fourth sterol believed to be Δ^{5, 7}-ergostadienol.Identification of 4,4-dimethyl-Δ^{8, 24 (28)}-ergostadienol in untreated mycelia indicates that the C-14 methyl group is the first methyl group removed in the biosynthesis of ergosterol by A. fumigatus. The lack of detectable quantities of 4,4-dimethyl-Δ^{8, 24 (28)}-ergostadienol in triforine or triarimol-treated mycelia and the accumulation of C-14 methylated sterols in treated mycelia suggests that both fungicides inhibit sterol C-14 demethylation. The accumulation of Δ^{5, 7}-ergostadienol in triarimol-treated mycelia further implies that triarimol also inhibits the introduction of the sterol C-22(23) double bond.Two strains of Cladosporium cucumerinum tolerant to triforine and triarimol were also tolerant to the fungicide S-1358 (N-3-pyridyl-S-n-butyl-S′-p-t-butylbenzyl imidodithiocarbonate).  相似文献   

Development of an EU protocol for the detection and diagnosis of Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid*     

C. Jeffries  C. James 《EPPO Bulletin》2005,35(1):125-132

The work described here formed part of the EU SMT DIAGPRO project, to develop diagnostic protocols for 18 regulated pests. The Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid (PSTVd) protocol was developed primarily for testing in vitro‐ and glasshouse‐grown potato plants for the purposes of post‐entry quarantine and the production of pathogen‐tested nuclear stock. After a performance audit of methods used by 12 laboratories in Europe and America by ring testing, four methods were chosen for multilaboratory validation. For most laboratories, the detection limits were 10–20 mg of PSTVd‐infective tissue for R‐PAGE; 0.25–0.5 mg for DIG‐probe; 0.062 mg for RT‐PCR; and 0.0155 mg for TaqMan (this was the lowest weight of infective tissue tested). Some laboratories were able to extend the detection limit to 0.0155 mg for DIG‐probe and RT‐PCR. The DIG‐probe and R‐PAGE are recommended as primary detection methods, with confirmation of viroid presence by any of the four validated detection methods. Specific diagnosis requires the viroid to be sequenced. Other methods may be used for primary detection, providing that they preferably detect all PSTVd isolates and other Pospiviroids that have the potential to infect potato, and detect viroid in at least 1/10 of the tissue weight normally tested per plant.  相似文献   

Historical range of variability in eastern Cascades forests,Washington, USA     

Agee  James K. 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(8):725-740

The historical range of variability (HRV) has been suggested as a coarse filter approach to maintain ecosystem sustainability and resiliency. The historical range of variability in forest age structure for the central eastern Cascade Range in Washington State, USA was developed from historical fire return intervals and the manner in which fire acted as both cyclic and stochastic processes. The proportions of seven forest structural stages calculated through these processes were applied to the area of each forest series within the central eastern Cascades landscape. Early successional forest stages were more common in high elevation forest than low elevation forest. The historical proportion of old growth and late successional forest varied from 38 to 63 percent of the forested landscape. These process-based estimates are consistent with those developed from forest structural information. HRV is a valuable planning tool for ecosystem conservation purposes, but must be applied to real landscapes with consideration of both temporal and spatial scale. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Characterizing historical and modern fire regimes in Michigan (USA): A landscape ecosystem approach   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Cleland  David T.  Crow  Thomas R.  Saunders  Sari C.  Dickmann  Donald I.  Maclean  Ann L.  Jordan  James K.  Watson  Richard L.  Sloan  Alyssa M.  Brosofske  Kimberley D. 《Landscape Ecology》2004,19(3):311-325

We studied the relationships of landscape ecosystems to historical and contemporary fire regimes across 4.3 million hectares in northern lower Michigan (USA). Changes in fire regimes were documented by comparing historical fire rotations in different landscape ecosystems to those occurring between 1985 and 2000. Previously published data and a synthesis of the literature were used to identify six forest-replacement fire regime categories with fire rotations ranging from very short (<100 years) to very long (>1,000 years). We derived spatially-explicit estimates of the susceptibility of landscape ecosystems to fire disturbance using Landtype Association maps as initial units of investigation. Each Landtype Association polygon was assigned to a fire regime category based on associations of ecological factors known to influence fire regimes. Spatial statistics were used to interpolate fire points recorded by the General Land Office. Historical fire rotations were determined by calculating the area burned for each category of fire regime and dividing this area by fifteen (years) to estimate area burned per annum. Modern fire rotations were estimated using data on fire location and size obtained from federal and state agencies. Landtype Associations networked into fire regime categories exhibited differences in both historical and modern fire rotations. Historical rotations varied by 23-fold across all fire rotation categories, and modern forest fire rotations by 13-fold. Modern fire rotations were an order of magnitude longer than historical rotations. The magnitude of these changes has important implications for forest health and understanding of ecological processes in most of the fire rotation categories that we identified.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献