A robust set of black walnut microsatellites for parentage and clonal identification     

Rodney L. Robichaud  Jeffrey C. Glaubitz  Olin E. Rhodes Jr.  Keith Woeste 《New Forests》2006,32(2):179-196

We describe the development of a robust and powerful suite of 12 microsatellite marker loci for use in genetic investigations of black walnut and related species. These 12 loci were chosen from a set of 17 candidate loci used to genotype 222 trees sampled from a 38-year-old black walnut progeny test. The 222 genotypes represent a sampling from the broad geographic distribution of the species. Analysis of the samples using the 12 loci revealed an average expected heterozygosity of 0.83, a combined probability of identity of 3×10⁻¹⁹, and a combined probability of exclusion for paternity analysis of >0.999. The 222 genotyped trees from the progeny test comprised 39 open-pollinated families, 29 of which (having at least five sampled progeny) were used to estimate the outcrossing rate for the progeny trial. The same 29 families were used to construct a Neighbor-Joining dendrogram based upon allele sharing between individuals. The multilocus estimate of the outcrossing rate was 100% (standard error of zero), higher than the 90% level found in previous studies at the embryo stage, suggesting that both artificial and natural selection against selfs may have occurred over the 38-year lifespan of the progeny trial. In the Neighbor-Joining dendrogram, the majority of the putative siblings grouped together in 21 out of the 29 families, showing that the microsatellites were able to discern most of the family structure in the dataset. Our results indicate that errors were sometimes committed during the establishment of the progeny test. This set of microsatellite loci clearly provides a powerful tool for future applications in black walnut.  相似文献   

Two‐Stage Rumen Cannulation Technique in Dairy Cows          下载免费PDF全文

Roger Martineau DVM  PhD  Julien G. Proulx DVM  Cristiano Côrtes DVM  PhD  Andre F. Brito DVM  PhD  Todd F. Duffield DVM  DVSc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2015,44(5):551-556

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Detecting endotoxin activity in bovine serum using an automated testing system     

Kazuyuki SUZUKI  Toshio SHIMAMORI  Ayano SATO  Kenji TSUKANO  Masakazu TSUCHIYA  Jeffrey LAKRITZ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(8):977-979

The aim of the present study was to compare the ability of the commercially available portable test system (PTS^TM) to detect endotoxin activity in bovine serum, with that of the traditional LAL-kinetic turbidimetric (KT) and chromogenic (KC) assays. Prior to testing, serum samples, which were obtained from endotoxin-challenged cattle, were diluted 1:20 in endotoxin-free water and heated to 80°C for 10 min. The performance of the PTS^TM was not significantly different from that of the traditional LAL-based assays. The results using PTS^TM correlated with those using KT (r²=0.963, P<0.001) or KC assays (r²=0.982, P<0.001). Based on these findings, the PTS^TM could be applied as a simplified system to assess endotoxin activity in bovine serum.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Likelihood of Co-Occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with Mature Fruit of Winter Pear     

Temple TN  Stockwell VO  Pusey PL  Johnson KB 《Phytopathology》2007,97(10):1263-1273

ABSTRACT Phytosanitary concerns about fire blight prohibit export of U.S.-grown pears to some countries without this disease. To examine these concerns, we evaluated the potential for co-occurrence of Erwinia amylovora with mature, symptomless winter pear fruit by inoculation experiments and by survey of commercial orchards. Immature pear and apple fruit were inoculated in orchards with E. amylovora strain 153N as resuspended lyophilized cells or as ooze from diseased tissues. Regardless of inoculum source, population size of Ea153N on fruit declined by an order of magnitude every 3 to 4 days during the first 2 weeks after inoculation; at 56 days after inoculation, Ea153N was not detected, except on 1 of 450 fruit with 4 colony forming units (CFU). After inoculation of flowers, calyx-end survival of Ea153N on pear and apple fruit declined from high populations at petal fall to a few cells at harvest, with no detection of the pathogen after a 7-week cold storage. Migration of Ea153N into symptomless pear fruit from diseased branches was evaluated by enrichment assay and nested polymerase chain reaction of internal fruit core tissues; these assays failed to detect the pathogen in healthy fruit from diseased trees. At harvest, E. amylovora could not be detected on 5,599 of 5,600 fruit of d'Anjou pear sampled from commercial orchards in major production areas of the Pacific Northwest; one fruit yielded 32 CFU of the pathogen. Postharvest, mature pear fruit contaminated with Ea153N and subsequently wounded required a dose of >10,000 cells at the wound site to allow for persistence of the pathogen through a 7-week-cold storage. We conclude that epiphytic E. amylovora shows similar survival characteristics on both pear and apple fruit, this pathogen is not an endophyte within mature symptomless pear fruit, its presence is exceptionally rare on commercially produced fruit, and that epiphytic survival of E. amylovora through a postharvest chilling period is unlikely given the unrealistically high population size required for persistence.  相似文献   

Heritability of Latent Period Estimated from Wild-Type and Selected Populations of Puccinia triticina     

Lehman JS  Shaner G 《Phytopathology》2007,97(8):1022-1029

ABSTRACT Durability of partially resistant wheat cultivars to wheat leaf rust depends on the amount of genetic variation in parasitic fitness within populations of the pathogen Puccinia triticina. To assess the durability of partial resistance, selection experiments were used to explore quantitative variation in parasitic fitness of P. triticina. Fungal populations 881-WT and 882-WT were selected for shortened latent period on partially resistant cvs. CI 13277 and Sw 72469-6 for multiple generations. Fitness components were measured for wild-type and selected fungal populations. Responses to selection and selection differentials were calculated, and broad-sense, realized heritabilities for latent period were estimated for wild-type fungal populations on CI 13227 and on Sw 72469-6. Selected populations had fitness characteristics, not limited to latent period, that could provide greater fitness in nature. Generally, more cycles of selection had greater effects on fitness. In particular cases, selected populations on a partially resistant cultivar had values for latent period, uredinium area, and sporulation no different from those of a susceptible host-pathogen combination. Heritabilities of latent period of populations 881-WT and 882-WT on CI 13227 or populations 881-WT and 882-WT on Sw 72469-6 ranged from 0.65 to 0.76 and 0.17 to 0.24, respectively. Our results suggest the variation to overcome quantitative host resistance exists in extant populations of P. triticina. In addition, because more of the variation in latent period for populations of P. triticina on CI 13227 was genetic than for populations on Sw 72469-6, CI 13227 is likely to be more vulnerable to pathogen adaptation despite its exceptionally long latent period.  相似文献   

Projecting global and regional outlooks for planted forests under the shared socio-economic pathways     

Korhonen  Jaana  Nepal  Prakash  Prestemon  Jeffrey P.  Cubbage  Frederick W. 《New Forests》2021,52(2):197-216

New Forests - There is rising global interest in growing more trees in order to meet growing population, climate change, and wood energy needs. Using recently published data on planted forests by...  相似文献   

An investigation of the effects of ketoprofen following rumen fistulation surgery in lactating dairy cows     

Nathalie C. Newby  Cassandra B. Tucker  David L. Pearl  Stephen J. LeBlanc  Ken E. Leslie  Marina A.G. von Keyserlingk  Todd F. Duffield 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2014,55(5):442-448

Post-operative pain management following rumen surgery is not common practice. We examined the effect of providing the pain medication ketoprofen to dairy cattle following the first stage of a rumen cannulation surgery, which involves an incision in the body wall and exteriorizing and clamping the rumen. The results of this study provide clear evidence that the first stage of the surgery was painful and ketoprofen at the time of and 24 h following surgery, alleviated some, but not all, of the post-surgical pain. Pain mitigation should be included when performing flank surgery in cattle.  相似文献   

First isolation of sleeping disease virus from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in the United Kingdom     

Graham DA  Rowley HM  Walker IW  Weston JH  Branson EJ  Todd D 《Journal of fish diseases》2003,26(11-12):691-694

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Starvation Induced Alterations in Hepatic Lysine Metabolism in Different Families of Rainbow Trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus  mykiss</Emphasis>)     

Angela?D.?Higgins  Jeffrey?T.?Silverstein  Juanita?Engles  Matthew?E.?Wilson  Caird?E.?RexroadIII  Kenneth?P.?BlemingsEmail author 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2005,31(1):33-44

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Contrasting the ability of data to make inferences regarding dispersal: case study of the Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis)     

Douglas J. Bruggeman  Thorsten Wiegand  Jeffrey R. Walters  Fernando González Taboada 《Landscape Ecology》2014,29(4):639-653

Dispersal is a critical biological process that contributes to the persistence of species in complex and dynamic landscapes. However, little is known about the ability of different types of data to reveal how species interact with landscape patterns during dispersal. Further, application of process-based, landscape-scale models able to capture the influence of land use and climate change are limited by this lack of dispersal knowledge. Here we highlight a method for building such models when dispersal parameters are unknown, but information on the mating system and survival are available. We applied a common statistical framework, rooted in information theory, to contrast the ability of abundance, movement, and genetic data to estimate dispersal parameters for endangered Red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW), using an individual-based, spatially-explicit population model. Dispersal was modeled as a multifaceted process in which foray distance, long-distance dispersal, competition for mates, and landscape permeability were treated as uncertain. We found that movement data are three-times more powerful than abundance data collected at the same spatial and temporal scales. However, habitat occupancy data collected over much a shorter time scale but at regional spatial scales were very effective for estimating dispersal. We also found that one-year of abundance data provided a similar reduction in uncertainty as genetic differences among breeding groups estimated using a 24-year pedigree. Substituting population genetic data for movement and abundance data often led to the same parameter values, but not always. Our study highlights important differences in the information content of data commonly collected in the field.  相似文献